美国1960年青年反战运动.ppt
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美国1960年青年反战运动.ppt
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Thesocialmovementsin1960snnThecivilrightsmovementnnTheyouthmovement/anti-warmovementnnThewomensliberationmovementsWhydidthesocialmovementbegin?
nnIn1960s,manyAmericanmenworkedhardtoachievetheirdream.nnTheybelievedtheywerelivingtheAmericanDream.nnHoweverthreegroups-Afo-American,youngpeopleandwomen-weredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.nnTheyhadadifferentideaofwhattheAmericansDreamis.BackgroundsnnAsthe1960sprogressed,widespreadtensionsdevelopedinAmericansocietythattendedtoflowalonggenerationallinesregardingthewarinVietnam,racerelations,sexualmores,womensrights,traditionalmodesofauthority,andamaterialistinterpretationoftheAmericanDream.nnWhite,middle-classyouthwhomadeupthebulkofthecounterculturehadsufficientleisuretimetoturntheirattentiontosocialissues.ThesesocialissuesThesesocialissuesincludedsupportforincludedsupportforcivilrightscivilrights,womenswomensrightsrights,and,andgayrightsgayrightsmovements,andamovements,andarejectionoftherejectionoftheVietnamVietnamWarWar.nnHippiesHippiesbecamethebecamethelargestcounterculturallargestcounterculturalgroupintheUnitedgroupintheUnitedStates.States.nnThecounterculturealsoThecounterculturealsohadaccesstoamediahadaccesstoamediaeagertopresenttheireagertopresenttheirconcernstoawiderconcernstoawiderpublic.public.Anti-warmovementAnti-warmovementnnTheconflictinVietnamresultedinoverTheconflictinVietnamresultedinover55,00055,000Americandeathsandproducdalarge-scaleAmericandeathsandproducdalarge-scaleantiwarmovementintheUnitedStates.antiwarmovementintheUnitedStates.nnStudentsbecameapowerfulanddisruptiveforceStudentsbecameapowerfulanddisruptiveforceanduniversitycampusessparkedanationalanduniversitycampusessparkedanationaldebateoverthewar.debateoverthewar.nnAsthemovementsidealsspreadbeyondcollegeAsthemovementsidealsspreadbeyondcollegecampuses,doubtsaboutthewaralsobegantoappearcampuses,doubtsaboutthewaralsobegantoappearwithintheadministrationitselfwithintheadministrationitself.nnAmassmovementbeganrisinginoppositiontotheAmassmovementbeganrisinginoppositiontotheVietnamWarVietnamWar,endinginthemassive,endinginthemassiveMoratoriumMoratoriumprotestsprotestsin1969,aswellasthemovementofresistancetoin1969,aswellasthemovementofresistancetoconscriptionconscription(theDraft)forthewar.(theDraft)forthewar.DetailsnnTheantiwarmovementwasinitiallybasedontheolder1950sPeacemovement,heavilyinfluencedbytheAmericanCommunistParty.nnButbythemid-1960sitoutgrewthisandbecameabroad-basedmassmovementcenteredinuniversitiesandchurches.nnIfyoureoldenoughtodieforyourcountry,youreoldenoughtovote.Manyoftheyouthinvolvedinthepoliticsofthemovementsdistancedthemselvesfromthehippies.Theyouthanti-warnn“Hell,no,wewontgo,”antiwardemonstratorschanted,refusinggovernmentorderstobedraftedintothearmyandfightinVietnam.nn“letitallhangout!
”youngpeopleadvisedeachother,defyingtheirparents,whocontrolledtheiremotionsandtriedtokeeppersonalmattersfrombecomingpublic.IntroductionnnInoctober1964,aCORE(theCongressofRacialInoctober1964,aCORE(theCongressofRacialEquallity)organizersatatasmalltableonaEquallity)organizersatatasmalltableonasidewalkatthecampusoftheUniversityofsidewalkatthecampusoftheUniversityofCalifornia,distributinginformationandcollectingCalifornia,distributinginformationandcollectingmoney.Thecampuspoliceanduniversitydeanmoney.Thecampuspoliceanduniversitydeancametohistableinforminghimthatwhathecametohistableinforminghimthatwhathewasdoingwasagainstuniversitypolice.Thenhewasdoingwasagainstuniversitypolice.Thenhewasarrested.“Arrestallofus!
”thestudentswasarrested.“Arrestallofus!
”thestudentsspontaneouslysurroundedagainstthepolice.spontaneouslysurroundedagainstthepolice.Later,”FreeSpeechMovement”beganwithLater,”FreeSpeechMovement”beganwithsuccess.success.coursennTheanti-warmovementbecamemoreorganizedTheanti-warmovementbecamemoreorganizedasaloosecoalitionofmanyorganizationsandasaloosecoalitionofmanyorganizationsandleaderswasformedunderaseriesofleaderswasformedunderaseriesof“MobilizationCommitteestoEndtheWarin“MobilizationCommitteestoEndtheWarinVietnam.”Vietnam.”nnTheorganizationsincludedchurchgroups,Theorganizationsincludedchurchgroups,SNCC(thestudentnonviolentCoordinating),SNCC(thestudentnonviolentCoordinating),SDS(StudentsforaDemocraticSociety).SDS(StudentsforaDemocraticSociety).nnTheirdirectactionstrategiesincludedteach-insTheirdirectactionstrategiesincludedteach-insoncampuses,protestmarchesandrallies,andoncampuses,protestmarchesandrallies,andattacksonfederalofficestodestroydraftattacksonfederalofficestodestroydraftrecords.records.ChangesnnTheHippiescalledthemselvesthe“loveTheHippiescalledthemselvesthe“lovegeneration”.Happinessbecametheironlygoalingeneration”.Happinessbecametheironlygoalintheirlife.theirlife.nnTheirmusicwasdifferentfromanyothermusic,Theirmusicwasdifferentfromanyothermusic,andthewordstheysangsoundedrebeilioustoandthewordstheysangsoundedrebeilioustoolderpeople.olderpeople.nnTheyworelonghair,strangeandcolorfulTheyworelonghair,strangeandcolorfulclothesandmanyoftheyuseddrugs.clothesandmanyoftheyuseddrugs.nnTheywentinhugenumberstorockmusicTheywentinhugenumberstorockmusicconcerts.concerts.nnManystudentswere“droppingout”ofschool.Manystudentswere“droppingout”ofschool.Othersleftthecountrytoavoidthearmy.Othersleftthecountrytoavoidthearmy.MoveonnnOnekindofprotestwascalledaOnekindofprotestwascalledasit-insit-in.Other.OthertermsheardintheUnitedStatesincludedtermsheardintheUnitedStatesincludedthetheDraftDraft,draftdodgerdraftdodger,conscientiousobjectorconscientiousobjector,andandVietnamvetVietnamvet.nnAstheUSgovernmentsentmoretroopstoAstheUSgovernmentsentmoretroopstoVietnamandthenumberofwardeathgrew,Vietnamandthenumberofwardeathgrew,publicfeelingagainstgovernmentpolicygrewsopublicfeelingagainstgovernmentpolicygrewsostrongthatPresidentJohnsondecidednottorunstrongthatPresidentJohnsondecidednottorunforre-electionin1968.forre-electionin1968.Stopnow!
infuencennBy1991,morethan60%ofpeopleintheUSBy1991,morethan60%ofpeopleintheUSthoughtthewarinVietnamwaswrongandthoughtthewarinVietnamwaswrongandwantedthewartoend.in1973,theUSsignedawantedthewartoend.in1973,theUSsignedapeacetreaty.peacetreaty.nnThesocialmovementofthe1960shadastrongThesocialmovementofthe1960shadastrongeffectonthewaypeoplethinkandact,andeffectonthewaypeoplethinkandact,andcausedchangesinmanylaws.causedchangesinmanylaws.nnhowevermanyofthesameproblemstheyhowevermanyofthesameproblemstheyhopedtosolvearestillmajorproblemsinUShopedtosolvearestillmajorproblemsinUSsociety.society.MUSICWoodstockRockFestivalnnPeace,equality,anti-warBlowinginTheWind-BobDylanlyricsnnHowmanyroadsmustamanwalkdownHowmanyroadsmustamanwalkdownBeforeyoucallhimamanBeforeyoucallhimamanHowmanyseasmustawhitedovesailHowmanyseasmustawhitedovesailBeforeshesleepsinthesandBeforeshesleepsinthesandHowmanytimesmustthecannonballsflyHowmanytimesmustthecannonballsflyBeforetheyreforeverbannedBeforetheyreforeverbannedTheanswer,myfriend,isblowinginthewindTheanswer,myfriend,isblowinginthewindGivePeaceAChanceIdottwannabeasoldierJohnLennonMoviesCountercultureofthe1960snnInUS,thecountercultureofthe1960sbecameidentifiedwiththerejectionofconventionalsocialnormsofthe1950s.nnCountercultureyouthrejectedtheculturalstandardsoftheirparents,especiallywithrespecttoracialsegregationandinitialwidespreadsupportfortheVietnamWar.Countercultureofthe1960sFlowerPoweFlowerPowerBusrBusnnItbeganintheUnitedStatesasareactionItbeganintheUnitedStatesasareactionagainsttheconservatismandsocialconformityagainsttheconservatismandsocialconformityofthe1950s,andtheUSgovernmentsofthe1950s,andtheUSgovernmentsextensivemilitaryinterventioninVietnam.extensivemilitaryinterventioninVietnam.nnThesegroupscreatedamovementtowardThesegroupscreatedamovementtowardliberationinsociety,includingtheliberationinsociety,includingthesexualsexualrevolutionrevolution,questioningauthorityand,questioningauthorityandgovernment,anddemandingmorefreedomsgovernment,anddemandingmorefreedomsandrightsforwomenandminorities.andrightsforwomenandminorities.nnTheTheUndergroundPressUndergroundPress,awidespread,eclectic,awidespread,eclecticcollectionofnewspapersservedasaunifyingcollectionofnewspapersservedasaunifyingmediumforthecounterculture.Themovementmediumforthecounterculture.Themovementwasalsomarkedbythefirstwidespread,sociallywasalsomarkedbythefirstwidespread,sociallyaccepteddruguse(includingaccepteddruguse(includingLSDLSDandandmarijuanamarijuana)and)andpsychedelicpsychedelicmusic.music.Iteventuallywanedforseveralreasons:
nnmainstreamAmericasdisdainforunrepentantmainstreamAmericasdisdainforunrepentanthedonismandconspicuousdruguse.hedonismandconspicuousdruguse.nnthetroublescausedbytheseexcesses;thethetroublescaused
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