国际贸易第1章导论(英文).ppt.ppt
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国际贸易第1章导论(英文).ppt.ppt
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主讲人:
王莉教授LL,INTERNATIONALTRADE国际贸易,2024/1/22,2,Chapter1:
INTRODUCTION,1.GeneralReview1、TheHistoryandStationoftheCourseInternationalTradeSovietModelinEarlyTimes.InternationalEconomicsin90s.OneofCompulsoryCourseforStudentsMajoredinEconomics.,2024/1/22,3,2、TheRelationbetweenInternationalTradeandotherSubjects,2.1TheSubjectOriginofInternationalTradeInternationalEconomics(InternationalTradeandInternationalFinance)EconomicsPhilosophy2.2InternationalTradevsPhilosophy&Science,2024/1/22,4,2.3TheRelationbetweenInternationalTradeandotherCoursesinInternationalTradeSubject,Economicsistheforwardcourse,especiallyMicroeconomics;ItstheforwardcourseofWTO,TransnationalCorperations,InternationalInvestment,andetc;ItstheparallelcoursewithGeneralReviewofChineseForeignTrade.,2024/1/22,5,3.Thearrangementofcourses,PartI:
Thebasictheoryofinternationaltrade(Chapter1-6)PartII:
InternationalTradePolicy(Chapter7-11)PartIII:
Someimportantissuesintodaysinternationaltradepractice(12-15).,2024/1/22,6,4、ReferenceMaterial,1)PeterLindert(彼得.林得特),InternationalEconomics,上海译文出版社,1985.2)DominickSalvatore,InternationalEconomics,EighthEdition,JohnWiley&SonsInc.,2004.3)PaulKrugmanandMauriceObstfeld,InternationalEconomics:
TheoryandPolicy(FifthEdition),Addison-WestleyPublishingCompany,2000.4)Allkindsacdemicjournalsandnewpapers,suchas:
InternationalTrade,JournalofInternationalTrade、WorldEconomy、InternationalBusinessDaily、人大报刊复印资料。
5)Internet.Suchas:
中华人民共和国商务部.htm,2024/1/22,7,5、PlanandArrangement,1)3hoursclassesstudyeveryweek;2)4homeworks,oneiscoursepaper;3)1seminar4)1finaltest5)CourseEvaluationThegradingsystemforthecourseisbasedonthestudentsacademicperformance.Thatincludes:
30%homework&classperformance+70%finalexam.,2024/1/22,8,2.TheEmergence&DevelopmentofInternationalTrade&thetheoryofInternationalTrade,1、TheEmergence&DevelopmentofInternationalTrade1.1ConceptInternationaltradeistheexchangeactivityofgoodsandservicesacrossinternationalbordersorterritories.Foreigntradeistheexchangeactivityofgoodsandservicesbetweenonecountry(district)withothers.,2024/1/22,9,1.2ThePrerequisiteforEmergenceofInternationalTrade,
(1)Therearesurplusproductsforexchange;
(2)Establishmentofnationalstateswiththeirownsovereignty.,2024/1/22,10,1.3TheHistoryofInternationalTrade,1)TheearlyinternationaltradeoccurredinancientRomaandGreece.Definitely,itsonly“tradebetweendistricts”.2)Onlyafterindustrialrevolution,internationaltradeandworldmarkethaddefinitelyformedandgotdeveloped.3)AftertheSecondWorldWar,internationaltradeenteredanewdevelopingera,especiallyinthefieldsofservicetrade,TransnationalCorperations,InternationalInvestment.,2024/1/22,11,战后世界贸易(出口)发展情况(1950年-2000年,10亿美元),2024/1/22,12,1.4TheHistoryofChineseFoeignTrade,EarlyinXihan,ChinastartedtradewithMiddleEastandEuropethroughthefamous“SilkRoad”。
Fromthesetof“SilkRoad”to“theOpiumWar(1840-1842)”,thedevelopmentofChineseforeigntradewerestganant。
Untilmid19s,ChinahadbennopeneditsforeigntradedoorbyEuropeanandAmericanartillery。
ChinacastedoffthecontrolofwesterncountriesonlyaftertheNewChinafoundedin1949.Butthen,forthereasonssuchasembargofromwesterncountrieswhichleadedbyU.S.,Chinahadtocarryonclosed-doorpolicyagain.Anditsforeigntradefalledintostagnancyoncemore.,2024/1/22,13,So,theexportratioofChinaintheworlddroppedfrom1.9%in1959to0.8%in1969,then0.74%in1978!
After1978,Chineseforeigntradeenteredintoafastdevelopingperiod.From1978to2006,thevalueofChinesemerchandisetradeincreasedfromUS$20640million(206.4亿美圆)toUS$1760690million,theyearlyaveragegrowthrateisover15%,farmorethanthatofothercountriesandtheworldaveragegrowth.Chinabecamethethirdcountryoftradeintheworld.,2024/1/22,14,Chineseservicetradegotdevelopedinlate80s.ThevalueofserviceexportincreasedfromtheonlyUS$2700millionin1982toUS$5748millionin1990,thenUS$157081millionin2005,andbecametheeighthserviceexportcountryintheworld.,2024/1/22,15,Questions(homework1):
(1)BalanceofforeigntradeofChinain2009and2014?
(2)BalanceofsrevicetradeofChinain2009and2014?
(3)HowabouttheChineseratioandrankinworldtrade?
(4)Statistictradedatasofothermaincountries.,2024/1/22,16,2、TheDevelopmentTrackofInternationalTradeTheory,Early15sMid18s,Mercantilism;Mid18s,Tradebasedonabsoluteadvantage(AdamSmith);tradebasedoncomparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo);After20s,H-OModel;TheLeontiefParadoxbyW.W.Leontief;SpecificfactormodelbyPaulSamuelson;BhagwatiEffectbyJagdishBhagwati;Intra-industryTradeModelbyPaulKrugman;TradeModelinProductCyclebyRaymondVernon.,2024/1/22,17,国际贸易领域做出贡献的重要学者,国际贸易领域做出贡献的重要学者,伊菲赫克歇尔(1879-1959)瑞典,贝蒂俄林(1899-1979)瑞典,2024/1/22,18,保罗萨缪尔森(美国)(Samuelson,1915-):
凯恩斯学派重要代表人,经济学通才,1970年获诺奖,,保罗克鲁格曼(美国)(Krugman,1953-):
萨缪尔森弟子,2008年获诺奖,埃尔赫南赫尔普曼(以色列)(Helpman,1946-),吉恩格罗斯曼(美国)(Grossman,1955-)和赫尔普曼致力于利益集团对国际贸易的研究,两人也都是诺奖的热门人选,2024/1/22,19,国际贸易的主要理论模型,2024/1/22,20,3、StudyPattern,Internationaltradetheoryisdividedto:
PositivetheoryNormativetheory,2024/1/22,21,PositiveAnalysis:
Mainlyshowstherelationsbetweeneconomicvariables,analysesthereasonsandresultsofallkindstradebehaviorandpolicys,butnotgivejudgmentandcomment.PositiveAnalysisisakindoftechnicalanalysis.NormativeAnalysis:
ismainlythediagnosisandjudgmentorcommenttotheresultsofpositiveanalysis.Andthediagnosisandcommentreflectdifferentcognitionandvalueview.,2024/1/22,22,1、
(1)美国经济比中国经济增长得更快。
(2)穷人应该不纳税。
2、王老师说:
“对啤酒征税会使其价格上涨”,而李老师则认为:
“在校大学生们喝啤酒喝得太多,因此应该对啤酒征税”,2024/1/22,23,RelationbetweenPositiveAnalysisandNormativeAnalysis:
Usuallycloselyrelated,cannotbecutted.Positiveanalysissupplythebasisfornormativeanalysis.Atheorywithoutpositiveanalysisisalwaysshortofconviction。
Ontheotherhands,ifatheoryonlycomposedbypositiveanalysisbutnonormativeanalysis,itllloseitseconomicsocialsignificance.So,internationaltradetheoryshouldbetheuniteofpositiveanalysisandnormativeanalysis.,2024/1/22,24,4、UsualEconomicAnalysisTools,
(1)Theautarkyequilibriumanalysis-productionpossibilityfrontier(PPF),opportunitycost,indifferencecurve;
(2)Partequilibriumanalysis-supplycurve,demandcurve.,2024/1/22,25,Implicationsfortheproductionpossibilityfrontier,PPF,2024/1/22,26,机会成本不变的PPF古典学派斯密、李嘉图模型,W,R,机会成本递增的PPF(常态)新古典学派贸易模型,w,R,机会成本递减的PPF当代贸易理论模型,w,R,2024/1/22,27,Communityindifferencecurves,Acommunityindifferencecurvedisplaysthecombinationsoftwoproductsthatofferthecommunitythesamelevelofsatisfaction.Characteristicsofcommunityindifferencecurves:
NegativeslopeConvextotheoriginDifferentcurvesdonotcross,2024/1/22,28,Communityindifferencecurve,Y,III,II,I,X,更高的社会福利水平,2024/1/22,29,Theautarkyequilbrium,(P*r/P*w),(Pr/Pw),W,AF,CE,CIC3DCIC2BCIC1,0R,2024/1/22,30,Partequilibriumanalysis,3P*=21,过剩,短缺,e,封闭经济中的大米市场,0100Q*=150200(Q),S,D,(P),2024/1/22,31,(P),出口,(P),DD0100200(Q)0100200(Q)(a)(b),P*=3,S,S,e,P*=1,e,进口,开放经济中的大米市场,2024/1/22,32,Review:
C1.INTRODUCTION,1.GeneralReview概述1、国际贸易课程的历史及其地位2、国际贸易与其他学科之间的关系3、国际贸易课程学习参考资料4、本学期学习安排2.国际贸易及其理论的产生和发展概述1、国际贸易的产生和发展(世界和中国)2、国际贸易理论的发展3、国际贸易的研究方法4、国际贸易研究常用的经济分析工具,
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