8D培训-解决问题的8个原则.pptx
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8D培训-解决问题的8个原则.pptx
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TennecoAutomotive8-DTraining8D培训-天纳克,1,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8DISCIPLINESTOPROBLEMSOLVING解决问题的8项纪律,8-D2005,2,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,ThiscoursewasdevelopedbyateamofTennecoAutomotiveemployeeswhohaveworkedonproblemsolvingeffortsforthepastfifteentotwentyyears.ThiscourseisasummaryoftheproblemsolvingprocessthatwasformerlyknownasPEP(PeopleEliminatingProblems)withintheridecontrolbusinessunitandQUIP(QualityImprovementProcess)withintheexhaustbusinessunit.FordMotorCompanyisacknowledgedasthedeveloperofthe“8-D”process.)该课程由一个由天纳克员工组成的,在过去的15-20年内致力于解决各种问题的团队开发的,是对解决问题程序的总结。
这一程序以前在减震系统业务中被称为PEP(消除问题团队),在排气系统业务中被称为QUIP(质量改进程序)。
福特公司被公认为是8-D程序的开发者。
ThankstoKayShreve(Monroe,MI),MichaelBrown(Paragould,AR)andEuniceSpradlin(Cozad,NE)fortheirworkonthisproject.感谢KayShreve(Monroe,MI),MichaelBrown(Paragould,AR)和EuniceSpradlin(Cozad,NE)对此项目所作的工作。
3,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律,4,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,5,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-1FormTheTeam建立团队,Size规模5to7CoreMembers5-7位核心成员SupportNeeded所需支持Whatleveloftheorganization组织结构中的哪一层次Change改变Accordingtoneeds根据需要Roles角色Defineroles/responsibilities确定角色/责任-WHERE何处SeenonObject实物表示SeenGeographically地理表示(Supplier/Customer/Etc)(供应商/客户/等),6,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-1FormTheTeam建立团队CAUTIONS注意!
Ensurecross-functionalteammembers确保有多个功能部门的团队成员Includeprocessowners(thosewhodothework)要包括过程当事人(实际作这项工作的人员)Includechampionandleaderasroad-blockremovers要包括团队负责人和团队组长作为路障排除人,7,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,8,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题,Definetheissueintermsofwhatiswrongwithwhat用“什么出现了什么问题”的方式来进行描述WHAT什么Objectwastheissueseenon出现问题的事物Whatdefectwasseen出现的问题WHERE何处SeenonObject在什么东西上SeenGeographically在哪些地区(Supplier,Customer,Etc.)(哪些供应商,客户,等),9,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题,WHEN何时Firstseen何时首次发现Whenelseseen何时重复发现Whenseenintheprocess何时在工序/程序中发现HOWBIG多大Howmanyobjectshavethedefect有多少有缺陷的事物Howmanydefectsperobject每件事物上有多少缺陷Whatisthetrend趋势如何,10,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题,TOOLSTOUSE可用工具Processflowdiagram工序流程图Checksheetstocollectdata用检查表来收集数据Anydatathatisreportingtheissue反映问题的任何数据Customercomplaints客户抱怨CurrentSPC/Datacollectionsheets现有的SPC/数据收集表PFMEA过程FMEAScrap/reworkreports废品/返工报表,11,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题,12,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题,13,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue,14,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue,15,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题CAUTIONS注意!
Stateissueinquantifiableterms用可量化的术语来描述问题Usedatatosupportproblemstatement用数据来支持问题描述Describesymptom/effectoftheissue描述问题的症状/影响Avoidjumpingtoconclusionofcause避免跳至总结原因,16,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,17,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-3ContainmentActions临时控制措施,DetermineifContainmentisNeeded确定是否需要临时控制措施IFYES如果是Defineaction(s)确定措施Assignresponsibility明确责任Implement实施Document记录存档Monitor监督Establishexitcriteria确定完成标准,18,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-3ContainmentActions临时控制措施,IFNO如果不是Documentreasonswhycontainmentaction(s)arenotrequired记录不需要临时控制措施的原因,19,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-3ContainmentAction(s)临时控制措施CAUTIONS注意!
Ensurecustomerprotection确保保护客户的利益Determineanddocumentcriteriaforbegin/exitcontainmentactions确定并纪录控制措施开始/完成的标准Communicatetokeyprocessowners和主要过程当事人作好沟通,20,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,21,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因,BrainstormforPotentialCauses集思广益查找潜在原因FreeWheeling言所预言UseFlipCharts用白板纸RoundRobin轮流发言StickyNotes便签纸,22,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因,Brainstormingrules集思广益的规则AvoidCriticism避免批评WelcomeExaggeration欢迎夸张Wilder/Better越夸张/越好SolicitQuantity讲求数量AsManyAsPossible越多越好EncourageBuildingonOtherIdeas鼓励在别的想法上扩展StimulateParticipation刺激参与Oneidearperpersonperturn每人每次发言讲一条建议Roundrobin轮流依次发言RecordAllIdeas记录所有的建议DiscussionComesLater事后再进行讨论,23,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因,Consider考虑Whatwashappening发生了什么事Whatwas“normal”正常应是怎样Whatchanged什么发生了变化Whatstarted什么开始了Whatstopped什么停止了VERIFY确定Cantheproblembeturned“on”and“off”问题是否可“停”,可“显”?
24,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因,ToolsToUse可用工具FiveWhys五个为什么Fishbone/Cause&Effect鱼骨法/因果法DataAnalysis数据分析ScatterDiagram散布图DesignofExperimentTools试验工具设计,25,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-4RootCause根本原因CAUTIONS注意!
Dontjumptoconclusions不要跳至结论Donotstopthe8-DprocessbecauseContainmentActionshavereducedthepain不要因为临时控制措施缓解了疼痛而停止8D程序Dontreactonlytothesymptoms-gotothecause不要仅针对症状进行反应,要针对原因,26,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,27,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-5SelectBestSolution选择最佳解决方案,EVALUATEbasedon根据以下几点来进行评估Effectontheproblem对问题的影响Practicality实用性Cost成本Acceptance可接受性Timetoimplement/utilize实施/运用的时间,28,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-5SelectBestSolution选择最佳解决方案,IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN实施计划Whatisrequired需要什么Whoisresponsibleforwhat谁负责什么Establishtargetdates确定目标日期Involveaffectedparties相关部门参与Obtainmanagementsupport取得管理层的支持DocumentChanges对变化进行记录Anticipateunwantedeffects准备接受非预期的效果,29,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-5SelectBestSolution选择最佳解决方案,TOOLSTOUSE可用工具EvaluationGrid评估网格BenchmarkingReview对照标准的检查PokaYokeReview防错检查CostBenefitAnalysis成本收益分析,30,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-5SelectingBestSolution选择最佳解决方案CAUTIONS注意!
Ensuresolutioncanefficientlybeimplemented确保解决方案可以被有效实施Obtainbuy-infromkeystakeholders取得主要工序负责人的赞同Identifyallcosts/impact(s)ofproposedsolution确定建议的方案的所有成本/影响,31,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,32,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证,ON-GOINGCONTROLS持续监控Quantifiable&Measurable可量化&可测量Clearlymeetsobjectives/goals明显达到目的/目标,33,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证,REVIEWCONTAINMENT检查临时控制措施Canitberemoved是不是可以停止Containmentcannotberemoveduntilverificationdataprovesthatthestatedobjective/goalhasbeenmet在验证数据证实确定的目的/目标被实现以前不能停止临时控制措施,34,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方法Increasefrequencyoftestingof“X”testfrom6pcspermonthto3pcsperdayfornext3months在今后三个月内将进行X试验的测试频率从每月6次提高到每天3次.100%sortfordefect“X”forthenextfiveshipments对今后五批发货进行100%X缺陷的检查,35,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方法Collectdataforspecificdefectforthenext3weeks;calculatetheCpK(CpKmustbeequaltoorgreaterthan1.67)在今后三周内收集特定缺陷的数据,计算CpK值(CpK必须大于等于1.67)Testforcharacteristic“X”;zerodefectsallowed测试特性X,必须为零缺陷,36,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证,VERIFICATIONMETHODS验证方法Trackovertimeinarea“Y”forthenext3months;overtimeshouldnotexceed“A”hourspermonth在今后三个月内跟踪Y区的加班情况。
每月加班时间应不超过A小时。
37,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-6VerificationofCorrectiveActions纠正措施验证CAUTIONS注意!
Ensurecontainmentisnotendedtoosoon确保不要太早停止临时控制措施Avoidshorttermimpact避免短期影响,38,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,8-DisciplinesofProblemSolving解决问题的8项纪律D-1FormtheTeam建立团队D-2DescribetheIssue描述问题D-3ContainmentActivities临时控制措施D-4FindandVerifyRootCause查找并确定根本原因D-5SelecttheBestSolution选择最佳解决方案D-6VerificationofCorrectiveAction纠正措施验证D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生D-8CongratulatetheTeam祝贺团队,39,TennecoAutomotive8-D/2000,D-7PreventRecurrence预防问题重复发生,Identifywhatallowedtheproblemtooccurbysearching:
检查以下几个方面,确定曾导致问题发生的因素Systems体系Practices习惯作法Procedures程序文件Reviewotherareaswherethisproblemcouldoccur检查其他可能发生同样问题的区域,40,TennecoAutomotive8-D/20
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