Hamlet.ppt
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Hamlet.ppt
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Hamlet,WhyisHamletsoextraordinary?
Arevengestory,yetnotstressingonbloodyscenesAboutkingsandprinces,yetnotpresentingthemasbeingremotefromusordinarypeopleAprofoundreflectiononthemeaningoflife,humannatureandsituation:
Itisthefirstworkofliteraturetoshowanordinarypersonlookingatthefutilityandwrongsinlife,askingthetoughestquestionsandcomingupwithhonestsemi-answerslikemostpeopledotoday,1.story(P72-P76)setinDenmark,Hamletsfatherkilled(oldking)hisbrother(Claudius)Hamletsmothermarry(newking)revengeHamlettellhimthetruthTheghostofhisfather,Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkACTIIISCENEIAroominthecastleHamlet,TobeorNottoBe,Functionsofthesoliloquy:
1)togiveexpressiontoacomplicatedstateofmindandfeelingofacharacter2)toprovideapointofviewontheeventsoftheplay.MainIdea:
Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisonesrighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacyofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.,Hamlet:
Tobe,ornottobe:
thatisthequestion:
WhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem.Todie,tosleep;生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题;默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清,这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?
Hamlet:
Todie,tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewishd.Todie,tosleep;死了;睡着了;什么都完了;要是在这一种睡眠之中,我们心头的创痛,以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击,都可以从此消失,那正是我们求之不得的结局。
Hamlet:
Todie,tosleep;Tosleep!
perchancetodream:
aye,therestherub;Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:
therestherespect死了;睡着了;睡着了也许还会做梦;嗯,阻碍就在这儿:
因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后,在那死的睡眠里,究竟将要做些什么梦,那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。
Note:
1.coil:
turmoil骚动,混乱,confusion(mortalcoil=troublesomelife),Hamlet:
Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife;Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressorswrong,theproudmanscontumely,Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelawsdelay,TheinsolenceofofficeandthespurnsThatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,人们甘心久困于患难之中,也就是为了这个缘故;谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视,,2.oppressorswrong:
oppressorsinjustice3.contumely:
taunts,contemptuoustreatment,WhenhehimselfmighthisquietusmakeWithabarebodkin?
Whowouldfardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,Theundiscoverdcountry,fromwhosebournNotravelerreturns,puzzlesthewill,AndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?
要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子,就可以清算他自己的一生?
谁愿意负着这样的重担,在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗,倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后,惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国,是它迷惑了我们的意志,使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折,不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去?
/,Note:
5.quietus:
Afinalaccount,orsettlement6.bodkin:
Asharpinstrumenttomakeholeswith7.fardels:
Abackpack,abundle8.bourn:
boundary.,Hamlet:
Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall,AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedoerwiththepalecastofthought,AndenterprisesofgreatpitchandmomentWiththisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction.这样,重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫,决心的赤热的光彩,被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色,伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下,也会逆流而退,失去了行动的意义。
(朱生豪译),HamletsCharacter,ThecastofHamletsmindisspeculative,questioning,andcontemplative.Hegivesustheimpressionofbeingamanwhoisincapableofaction.Heisalwaysthinking,examiningthenatureofactiononlytodenyitspossibility,forheistoosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleastagerevenger.,III.QuestionsontheSoliloquy,1.HowdoesHamletexplainwhatis“tobe”andwhatis“nottobe”?
Quotehisownwords,andthentrytoexplainwhatismeantbythephrases.“Tobe”Yourquotation:
tosuffertheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune.Yourunderstanding:
tolivebyenduringtheinjusticesandmiseriesofthelife.“NotTobe”Yourquotation:
totakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,andbyopposingendthem.Yourunderstanding:
tofightagainstandend“aseaoftroubles”atanycost(including,bytakinghisownlife).,VI.QuestionsontheSoliloquy,2.“Tisaconsummationdevoutlytobewishd.”-Whatisthisidealstate,accordingtoHamlet?
possibleanswer:
Hamletlongedtoendallhissufferings,anddeathseemedaperfectsolution.3.Whatisdeathcomparedto?
Whatmakesonehesitatetoendthetroublesoflifebydeath?
possibleanswer:
Deathiscomparedtosleep.Thethoughtofwhatdreamsmaycomeinthatsleepofdeathmakesonehesitatetoendthetroublesoflifebydeath.,VI.QuestionsontheSoliloquy,4.“Therestherespectthatmakescalamityofsolonglife”-Whatdoestheword“respect”meanhere?
possibleanswer:
consideration.5.What“puzzlesthewill”ofdeath?
possibleanswer:
Thedreadofsomethingafterdeath.,VI.QuestionsontheSoliloquy,6.Whatinfluence,accordingtoHamlet,dothoughtshaveuponresolutionandaction?
possibleanswer:
Toomuchthinkinghasweakenedtheresolutionanddelayedtheaction.7.(Anessayquestion)WhatdoyoulearnaboutHamletsmentalconflictandcharacterthroughthissoliloquy?
V.Comments,1.Hamletisahumanist,amanwhoisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.2.Helovesthegoodandhatestheevil.HeadoreshisfatherandlovesOphelia.Whilehedisgustedwithhisunclesdrunkennessandshockedbyhismothersshallowness.Hecaresfornothingbuthumanworthandshowscontemptforrankandwealth.,V.Comments,3.Hisintellectualgeniusisoutstanding.Heisacloseobserverofmenandmanners.Hesays,“Denmarkisaprison”.4.Toconclude,Hamletisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated,amanoffar-reachingperceptionandsparkingwit.Heisascholar,soldierandstatesman.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemenoftheRenaissance.,
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