阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt
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阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt
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,Guessingmeanings,猜测词义,高三英语组,(2014湖南卷阅读B)Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.InMrs.Tottenseighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小数).61.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?
A.Itiswisetovalueonestime.B.ItisimportanttomakeaneffortC.Itisrighttosticktoonesbelief.DItisenoughtodothenecessary.,Lead-in(导入),(2015全国卷阅读C)Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?
A.Artworks.BProjectsC.DonationsD.Documents,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有:
1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Theword“”ismostlikelytomean_.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?
4.Theunderlinedword“”means_.,Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakeasily.,1._:
一般通过_来确定词义。
(adj.易碎的,脆的),Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,(n.牧羊人),Definition定义法,定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句),Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.,(n.蚊子),特别注意下列信号词:
be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-(破折号)等.,Ex.1Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:
Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshouldera“cold”shoulder.,Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means_.,beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyou,B.greetingyoufriendly,C.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyou,D.feedingyoucoldmeat,2._:
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词(组)猜测词义。
Contrast对比法,Cyclingwasonceameansoftransportforthepoor.Butithasbecomeanimportantmarkerofanaffluentworldcity.65.Theunderlinedword“affluent”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_.AbeautifulB.famousC.bigD.wealthy,表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehandontheotherhand,foronethingforanotherthing,insteadof等。
1.ThoughTomsfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Exercise2,3.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.4.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.5.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,6.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.,7.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.,A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly,A,(v.不同意),3._:
利用_、_或相似的结构猜测词义。
Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.,(adj.巨大的;极大的),Similarity相似法,同义词,近义词(词组),当被猜的词前后有信号词:
or,like,asas,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。
Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.,代替,圆胖的,4_:
从_推测_,从_推测_。
Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.,Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.,(adj.贫穷的,穷困的),(adj.大的),.CauseEffect因果法,原因,原因,结果,结果,因果关系信号词:
because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.,弹性的,混浊的,Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04广东高考题)65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_attractedthecustomersstronglyhadweakeffectsonthecustomerstrickedthecustomersintoshoppingcausedthecustomerstoloseinterest,D,5._:
利用文中的举例猜测词义。
常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:
such,like,especially,include,consistof等,1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.,(n.电器用具),Example例举法,2.Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.,家禽,装置,supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的),Canyouguesstherightmeanings?
(微波),(发错音),WordFormation构词法:
6._,英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成。
词根是单词最基本的部分,表达单词的基本含义。
在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀,可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。
只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义,那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:
super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-(极微小的)re-(再,反复)mis-(误,恶)im-(不)un-(不,非)in-(不,非)non-(不,非)-able(能的)-less(不,无)-wards(向),TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates-eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.,Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?
A.allowedbythelaw,B.inaccordancewiththelaw,C.againstthelaw,D.havingnothingtodowiththelaw,Prefix(前缀)usualunusualhappy-unhappy,1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expect,B,7._:
利用_来猜测词义。
Context上下文,语境及前后的提示,A,(n.猿),8_:
根据_来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中,如遇到生词,有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验,或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。
比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等,可以帮助加深对文章的理解,遇到生词时,猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。
Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious(无意识的),becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.,n.麻醉剂(药),.Commonsense普通常识,普通常识和生活经验,Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.,易挥发的,颤抖,1.Definition定义法,3.Similarity相似法,2.Contrast对比法,4.Causeandeffect因果法,5.Example例举法,8.CommonSense普通常识,6.WordFormation构词法,猜测词义,7.Context上下文,Summary,Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动
(1),Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.?
2.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.?
3.Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.?
4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.?
Practice,1.同位法。
同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义,即“城堡”。
Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.,2.定义法。
定语从句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的词义为牧人。
Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.,3.同位法。
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。
Weareonthenightshift-frommidnightto8a.m.-thisweek.,4.对比法。
but表转折,因此but前后的意思是相反的。
后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上课迟到了,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向准时的结论。
Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.,小试身手,Albertssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级,祝,功,成,你,!
4.Shedidnthearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的5.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.quietC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever,祝,功,成,你,!
7.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry8.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight9.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedlateforherfirstclass.?
A.ontimeB.lateC.absent,祝,功,成,你,!
真题体验一、(14安徽卷D)Althoughwehavetorespectpeoplesfeelingsasfellowusersofthebuildings,Ibelievethatitisthedutyofthearchitectandplannertomovethingsforward.Ifwealwaysreproducedwhatwastherebefore,wewouldallstillbelivingincaves.Thus,Iwouldargueagainstcopyingpreviousarchitecturalstylesandchoosesomethingfreshanddifferent,eventhoughthatmightbethemoreriskychoice.70.By“movethingsforward”inthelastparagraph,theauthorprobablymeans“_.”A.destroyoldbuildingsB.putthingsinadifferentplaceC.choosenewarchitecturalstylesD.respectpeoplesfeelingsforhistoricalbuildings,二、(14福建卷A)Bynowparamedics(救援人员)hadarrived,andwereattendingtheinjuredwoman.Aswewalkeduptoher,mysonbecameintimidatedbyallthebloodandmedicalequipment.Hesaidhewasjusttooscaredtogouptoher.InsteadIgavetheflowertothewomanshusbandandtoldhim,“Mysonwasveryupsetforyourwifeandwantedtogiveherthisflowertomakeherfeelbetter.”58.Theunderlinedword“intimidated”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“_”.A.astonishedB.struckC.frightenedD.excited,Inquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活动
(2),Passage1TensofthousandsofbabypenguinsfacestarvationaftertwogianticebergsbrokeofftheAntarcticicesheetandbl
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