建筑师的炼成1.ppt
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建筑师的炼成1.ppt
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作为一种生涯的建筑师HowanArchitectwasCasted,模仿的建筑学习得的建筑学人生的建筑学,古埃及Imhotpe,2655-2600BC,ChancelloroftheKingofEgypt,Doctor,FirstinlineaftertheKingofUpperEgypt,AdministratoroftheGreatPalace,Hereditarynobleman,HighPriestofHeliopolis,Builder,ChiefCarpenter,ChiefSculptor,andMakerofVasesinChief.埃及王的大法官、御医,一人之下万人之上者,上埃及王的总管、掌印大臣,太子,Heliopoli大祭司,建筑师,大木匠,大雕刻师,大窑师。
诗人、哲学家、医学之父、写作教育文学之神盗墓迷城,Zoser金字塔(Djoser),第一个建造金字塔的建筑师(之前是Mastaba)。
第一个使用柱子的建筑师。
师法何处?
建筑的经验如何积淀和被整理成知识体系?
建筑乃治世之道伏羲苍精,初造王业,画卦结绳,以理海内。
武梁祠颂词古者包牺氏之王天下也。
仰则观象于天,俯则观法于地,观鸟兽之文。
与地之宜。
近取诸身,远取诸物,于是始作八卦,以通神明之德,以类万物之情,作结绳而为网罟,以佃以渔。
盖取诸离。
周易黄帝:
多所改作,造兵井田,制衣裳,立宫宅。
武梁祠颂词黄帝始制冠冕,垂衣裳,上栋下宇,以避风雨风俗通黄帝、尧、舜垂衣裳而天下治,盖取诸乾坤。
上古穴居而野处,后世圣人易之以宫室,上栋下宇,以待风雨,盖取诸大壮。
周易系辞,古希腊Phidias,Iktinus,Callicrates雕塑家、建筑师雅典卫城,Phidias,circa480BC430BC,建筑、雕塑、神、人体、美,1868LawrenceAlma-Tadema:
PhidiasShowingtheFriezeoftheParthenontohisFriends,DancingColumn,古罗马Virtuvius军事工程师,建筑十书,中世纪石匠MasonFreemasons共济会哥特式大教堂,文艺复兴大师辈出的年代学者、画家、雕塑家、建筑师,布鲁乃列斯基FilippoBrunelleschi(1377-1446),透视法,透视法BrunelleschiAlberti绘画论LinearPerspectiveFrancesca绘画透视法,Alberti绘画论LinearPerspective,Francesca绘画透视法,LeonBattistaAlberti(1404-1472)阿尔伯蒂,LeonBattistaAlberti(1404-1472)阿尔伯蒂,LeonBattistaAlbertiTHETENBOOKSOFARCHITECTURE(Dereaedificatoria)HimIcallanArchitect,who,bysureandwonderfulArtandMethod,isable,bothwithThoughtandInvention,todevise,and,withExecution,tocompleteallthoseWorks,which,bymeansoftheMovementofgreatWeights,andtheConjunctionandAmassmentofBodies,can,withthegreatestBeauty,beadaptedtotheUsesofMankind:
Andtobeabletodothis,hemusthaveathoroughInsightintothenoblestandmostcuriousScience.SuchmustbeArchitect.,米开朗基罗MichelangelodiLodovicoBuonarrotiSimoni(1475-1564),米开朗基罗Michelangelo(1475-1564),帕拉第奥AndreaPalladio(1508-1580),伯尼尼GianLorenzoBernini(1598-1680),建筑教育建筑师的炼成coledesBeaux-Art;Atelier;让-尼古拉路易迪朗(1760-1834);GottfriedSemper(1803-1879);CraneBrook;Bauhaus;Taliesin;TexasRangerCooperUnion;AASCUT?
coledesBeaux-Art/Atelier1648,AcadmiedesBeaux-Arts,CardinalMazarintoeducatethemosttalentedstudentsindrawing,painting,sculpture,engraving,architectureandothermedia.LouisXIVwasknowntoselectgraduatesfromtheschooltodecoratetheroyalapartmentsatVersailles,andin1863NapolonIIIgrantedtheschoolindependencefromthegovernment,changingthenametoLEcoledesBeaux-Arts.Womenwereadmittedbeginningin1897.,让-尼古拉路易迪朗(1760-1834)Claude-NicolasLedoux(1736-1806)GottfriedSemper(1803-1879)EugeneViollet-le-Duc(1814-1879)JohnRuskin(1819-1900)AdolfLoose,PartieCompositionPartiPoch,曲线的回响:
高迪Gaudi:
TheCallofCurve,AntonioGaud,1852-1926西班牙建筑师,他的名字与巴塞罗那紧紧相连。
GodsarchitectTheDanteofArchitecture,米拉公寓,AntonioGaud,hisface,1878,1888,1910,1924,SanFelipeNerienlaconsagracindelaSantaMisa,1902JoanLlimona(1860-1926),Hisstory1852,borninCatalonia,AntoniPlcidGuillemGaudiCornet五个小孩(两个未能成年)中最小的一个。
nurseryschool幼年健康不太好,风湿病1868,搬到巴塞罗那,喜欢空想社会主义1875-1878服兵役,因为健康差而不必上前线1878毕业,theLlotjaSchoolandtheBarcelonaHigherSchoolofArchitecture学习成绩不大好,老师的评语:
Wehavegiventhisacademictitleeithertoafooloragenius.Timewillshow.1878年的方案深受Guell喜爱,从此成为Gaudi的赞助人1879,加入theCentreExcursionistadeCatalunya,经常骑马或远足1899,CercleArtsticdeSantLluc(SaintLukeartisticcircle)成员忙碌的建筑设计生涯1926,死于车祸终身未婚。
HisworksOrientalistPeriodNeo-GothicPeriodNaturalistPeriodMuchofGaudsworkwasmarkedbythefourpassionsofhislife:
architecture,nature,religionandhisloveforCatalonia.链接:
http:
/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Gaud%C3%AD_buildings?
1319416009其中有许多已经被列入世界遗产名录。
圣家族教堂SagradeFamilia,Barcelona,1882-,维森斯公寓CasaVicens,Barcelona,1883-1888,古埃尔公园ParcGell,Barcelona,1883-1888,古埃尔酒厂BodegasGell,Sitges,1895-97,米拉公寓CasaMil,Barcelona,1905-1907,科隆古埃尔教堂ChurchofColniaGell,Barcelona,1908-1914,巴特约公寓CasaBatll,Barcelona,1905-1907,魅力酒店HotelAttaction,NewYork,1908,PalauGell,Barcelona,1883-1888,TheColoniaGell,1908-1915,TheColoniaGell,1908-1915.OriginalSketch,悬链线,巴特约公寓CasaBatllo,1905-1907,圣家族教堂theCathedraloftheSagradeFamiliaBarcelona,1882-ongoing,圣家族教堂theCathedraloftheSagradeFamilia借鉴了哥特式教堂的平面和结构技术、造型风格。
Mygoodfriendsaredead;Ihavenofamilyandnoclients,nofortunenoranything.NowIcandedicatemyselfentirelytotheChurch.,AntonioGaud,GaudiExhibition,0820-21,Barcelona,格式说明,照片编号,展板主题,展板说明,图片说明,Afewmonthsbeforehedied,GaudiwasabletoseethepinnacleofthebelltowerontheNativityFaadefinished,decoratedwithcolorfulVenetianmosaics.Aboutthepinnacle,Gaudisaid:
Lookatthetops!
IsitnottruethatitseemstouniteHeavenandEarth?
ThisburstofmosaicsisthefirstthingthatsailorswillseewhenapproachingBarcelona;itwillbearadiantwelcome.,TheTowerP1120362,P1120363,AntoniGaudiICornetwasbornin1852intheruralsettingofElBaixCamp,nearTarragona.Hewasborninverypoorhealthandasayoungboycontinuaboutsofrheumatismkepthimoutofchildrensgamesanddelayedhisstartatprimaryschool.Hismotherspentmanyhourswithhimandentertainedhimwithwalksinthecountrysideandtheobservationofnature.Lookingbackonhischildhood,Gaudi,nowanoldman,wrote:
Withtheflowerpots,surroundedbyvineyardsandolivegroves,cheeredbythecluckingofthehens,thesongofthebirdsandthebuzzingoftheinsects,andwiththemountainsofPradesinthedistance,Icapturedthepurestandmostpleasantimagesofnature,thatnaturethatiseverourMistress.FromthisquoteweseethattheearlyyearsofGaudislifewerecrucialinhispathtowardsanincrediblysingular,naturalisticandorganicstyleofarchitecture.,GaudischildhoodP1120364,1MasdelaCalderera,RiudomsThepresentbuilding,datingfrom1922,standsonthesamespotasthehouseGaudilivedinasachild-amuchsmallerbuildingwithjustonestorey2TheruralsettingofElBaixCamp,GaudischildhoodP1120364,In1878Gaudigraduatedasanarchitect,andbegantodevelopanarchitecturalstylenew,innovative,original,inconstantdialoguewithnature,architecturalthatintheyearstocomewoulddevelopintoaverypersonalstyle.WhenIwenttotakethemeasurementsofthesite,itwastotallycoveredinyellowflowers,whichIadoptedastheornamentalthemefortheceramicwork.,FlowersP1120365,P1120366,1CasaVicensinCarrerdelesCarolines,Barcelona2Marigold(Calendulaofficinalis)ornamentaltilesfromCasaVicens3TilesFlowerandleafofthesunflower(Helianthusannuus)TilesusedinthedecorationoftheoutsidewallsofCasaVicensandElCaprichoinComillas(Cantabria)4Marigold(Calendulaofficinalis)FlowersandleavesreproducedonthetilesonthefrontofCasaVicens,FlowersP1120365,P1120366,FlowersP1120365,P1120366,FlowersP1120365,P1120366,NaturalisticexuberanceinhisearlyyearsasanarchitectIalsofoundthereanexuberantEuropeanfanpalmtree,whoseleaves,castiniron,fillthesquaresfeaturedontherailings,andtheentrancegateofthehouse.1Europeanfanpalmleaf(ChamaeropshumilisL.)Palmleafreproducedonthesquarescutoutintherailingsonthesamehouse2ModelofEuropeanfanpalmleafCopyoftheoriginalclaymodel,madebythesculptorLlorencMatamalaIPinol.,PalmtreeleafP1120367,P1120368,PalmtreeleafP1120367,P1120368,InmanyofGaudisworkswefindthecharacteristicfour-armedcross,possiblyinspiredbythefruitofthecypress,thetreeoflife.AccordingtotheplanleftbyGaudithistypeofcrosswouldalsocrownthehighesttowerdedicatedtoJesus,ontheTempleoftheSagradaFamilia.,CrossP1120369,P1120370,1DrawingbyLluisBonetIGaliofthetopofthetowerdedicatedtoJesus2PinnacleonCasaBellesguard3PinnacleonCasaBatllo4Pseudocarp(falsefruit)oftheCypresstree(Cupressussempervirens)Atthetopoftheopenberry,wecanseethefourarmsthatbringtomindGaudiscrosses.,CrossP1120369,P1120370,CrossP1120369,P1120370,Gaudistudiedthebuds,spikesofcerealsandgrassesthatweregrowingaroundtheTemple;hehadenlargedmodelsofthemmadethatwouldlaterbesculptedinstonetobecometherailsandpinnaclesthatwecanseetodayontheSagradaFamilia.,ApseofthetempleoftheSagradaFamiliaP1120371,P1120372,P1120373,Onthewalloftheapse,neo-Gothicinstyle,Gaudiadoptedasdecorativeelementsonthegargoylesawidevarietyofgastropods,amphibiansandreptiles,characteristicoftheMediterraneanregion.,ApseofthetempleoftheSagradaFamiliaP1120374,P1120375,ApseofthetempleoftheSagradaFamiliaP1120374,P1120375,AtthebottomofthesidewallsoftheNativityFaade,recallingtheshapesoftheclimbingplantsthatformspiralhelices,GaudidesignedafriezewiththeinitialsofMary,JesusandJosephthesymbolsoftheHolyfamily.1DrawingattributedtoGaudi,ofabranchofthepassionfruit(Passifloraedulis).AtthebottomofthedrawingweseetheanagramofJesus,withacrossverysimilartothesculptureofthefriezeontheNativityFaade.2Right-handsideoftheNativityFaadeFriezewiththesymbolsofJesus,MaryandJosephsetbetweentwodots.3PassionfruittendrilTendrilsspiralinglikehelices4CopyofthefriezeScale1:
1,SpiralhelicesP1120376,SpiralhelicesP1120376,ThepolygonalshapessohabitualinnatureareusedbyGaudiasdecorativeandstructuralelements.ForthedesignofthisgrilleGauditookhisinspirationfromhoneycombsintheirconstructionsbees,greatarchitectsofnature,useregularhexagonstomakethebestuseofthespace,thetimeandthematerial.1Beehivewithhexagonalcells2IronrailingswithhexagonalshapesontheNativityFaade3GaudismodelofthemosaicinCasaMila4HexagonalmosaicinCasaMilawiththreedecorativeelementsinrelief:
twomarineanimalsandaplant,PolygonalshapesP1120377,P1120378,PolygonalshapesP1120377,P1120378,P1120379,Asagreatobserverofnature,Gaudiwasfamiliarwiththewaythatcosmicmovementstogetherwiththepowerofgravitygenerateaseriesofsp
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