2011年12月英语四级真题word清晰版-.doc
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2011年12月英语四级真题word清晰版-.doc
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2011年12月大学英语四级真题
Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill bycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWill
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatIsIntegrity?
Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?
Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?
Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"ButEverybodyDoesIt"
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:
"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:
"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:
Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryourshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwaywithit-OrNot
Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:
thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.
Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.
CheatingHurtsOther,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.("IfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
WhyIntegrityMarten
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife
B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues
D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit
B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust
D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.
B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.
C.Sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.
D.Sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?
A.ithascausednoharm.
B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.
C.ithasgoneunnoticed.
D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses.
B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.
C.Makehisintensionspublic.
D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious
B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.
D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.
A)paymoredearly
B)becomemoreconfident
C)bewidelyadmired
D)feelsomewhatlucky
8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto__________.
9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyon___________.
10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof__________.
PartIII ListeningComprehension (35minutes)
11.A)Readthenoticeonthewindow.
B)Goandaskthestaff.
C)Getanewbusschedule.
D)BoardthebustoCleveland.
12.A)Hewaslookingforwardtoseeingthegiraffes.
B)Heenjoyedwatchingtheanimalperformance.
C)HegothometoolatetoseetheTVspecial.
D)HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogram.
13.A)Shewantstotakethemostdirectway.
B)Shemaybelateforthefootballgame.
C)Sheisworriedaboutmissingherflight.
D)Sheiscurrentlycaughtinatrafficjam.
14.A)Atarestaurant. B)Inafishshop. C)Ataclinic. D)Onafishingboat.
15.A)Heisanexperiencedsalesmanager.
B)Heisbeinginterviewedforajob.
C)Heisaclosefriendofthewoman.
D)Heisgoodatansweringtrickyquestions.
16.A)Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.
B)Themanwillchoosealow-rentapartment.
C)Themanisnotcertainifhecanfindaquieterplace.
D)Themanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitory.
17.A)Thewomanisgoingtomakehertopicmorefocused.
B)Themanandthewomanareworkingonajointproject.
C)Oneshouldchooseabroadtopicforaresearchpaper.
D)Ittookalotoftimetogetthemanontherighttrack.
18.A)Theywentcampingthistimelastyear.
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