IT职场英语教学课件Unit 3 Milestones and Giants in IT Industry.docx
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IT职场英语教学课件Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustry
Unit3MilestonesandGiantsinITIndustry
I:
本单元教学目的:
1.通过背景讨论、阅读概念学习文章,充分了解Thompson和Ritchie如何设计和创建Unix,掌握行业术语;
2.通过案例分析文章阅读和学习,学生了解21世纪个人电脑历史上的几个里程碑以及对社会意义,并能完成课后的相关案例分析报告;
3.学生能够撰写商务新闻,并进行口头陈述
4.了解科技术语翻译
II:
练习题答案
PartOneConceptLearning
Task1ThinkbeforeYouRead
1.1Serendipity,是意外发现珍奇事物的才能,机缘凑巧的意思。
课文里Thompson认为Unix系统的产生是serendipity(P38),老师可以带领学生理解Unix的诞生过程,Thompson的不断实验和改进,引导学生讨论Unix的诞生是否是机缘巧合,学生的结论很可能两个答案都有支持者,正如JeffBezos和LouisPasteur的两句名言一样。
亚马逊的创始人JeffBezos认为一切发明也许都是机缘巧合,教师可以引导学生探究Bezos的成功路径,无论是早期投资谷歌公司,还是建立太空公司,还是目前进军硬件领域,每个决定都是他基于不断思考和创新,不怕失败的意志,绝非纯粹机缘。
LouisPasteur是著名的生物学家,他坚信每一个机会都青睐有准备的人,因为他一直在实验室中坚持着,他的成功就是因为做了比别人多的实验,不曾放弃。
1.2
Name
Achievement
BillGates
Makecomputeravailabletoeveryone
MaYun
LaunchE-commerceinChina
AlanMathisonTuring
Fartheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence.
StevenJobs
creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionrevolutionizedsixindustries:
personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing
ZhangXiaolong
CreateWechat,QQmail,foxmail
其他10位IT行业先锋和领军人物以及他们的事迹(ppt里有)
1.MarkZuckerberg
MarkElliotZuckerberg (bornMay14,1984)isanAmericancomputerprogrammer,Internetentrepreneur,andphilanthropist.Heisthechairman,chiefexecutive,andco-founderofthe socialnetworking website Facebook. Hispersonalwealth,asofDecember2015,isestimatedtobe$46billion.
2.AlanTuring
AlanMathisonTuring(June1912–7June1954)wasapioneeringBritishcomputerscientist,mathematician,logician,cryptanalystandtheoreticalbiologist.Hewashighlyinfluentialinthedevelopmentoftheoreticalcomputerscience,providingaformalisationoftheconceptsofalgorithmandcomputationwiththeTuringmachine,whichcanbeconsideredamodelofageneralpurposecomputer.Turingiswidelyconsideredtobethefatheroftheoreticalcomputerscienceandartificialintelligence..
3.StevenPaul"Steve"Jobs
StevenPaul“Steve”Jobs(February24,1955–October5,2011)wasanAmericaninformationtechnologyentrepreneurandinventor.Hewastheco-founder,chairman,andchiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)ofAppleInc.;CEOandlargestshareholderofPixarAnimationStudios;amemberofTheWaltDisneyCompany‘sboardofdirectorsfollowingitsacquisitionofPixar;andfounder,chairman,andCEOofNeXTInc.Jobsiswidelyrecognizedasapioneerofthemicrocomputerrevolutionofthe1970s,alongwithAppleco-founderSteveWozniak.Shortlyafterhisdeath,Jobs’sofficialbiographer,WalterIsaacson,describedhimasthe“creativeentrepreneurwhosepassionforperfectionandferociousdriverevolutionizedsixindustries:
personalcomputers,animatedmovies,music,phones,tabletcomputing,anddigitalpublishing.”
4.MarvinMinsky
MarvinMinsky(August9,1927–January24,2016)hasmademanycontributionstoAI,cognitivepsychology,mathematics,computationallinguistics,robotics,andoptics.Hisconceptionofhumanintellectualstructureandfunctionispresentedintwobooks:
TheEmotionMachineandTheSocietyofMind(whichisalsothetitleofthecourseheteachesatMIT).
HereceivedtheBAandPhDinmathematicsatHarvard(1950)andPrinceton(1954).In1951hebuilttheSNARC,thefirstneuralnetworksimulator.Hisotherinventionsincludemechanicalarms,handsandotherroboticdevices,theConfocalScanningMicroscope,the"Muse"synthesizerformusicalvariations(withE.Fredkin),andoneofthefirstLOGO"turtles".AmemberoftheNAS,NAEandArgentineNAS,hehasreceivedtheACMTuringAward,theMITKillianAward,theJapanPrize,theIJCAIResearchExcellenceAward,theRankPrizeandtheRobertWoodPrizeforOptoelectronics,andtheBenjaminFranklinMedal.
5.LinusBenedictTorvalds
LinusBenedictTorvalds(bornDecember28,1969)isaFinnish-Americansoftwareengineer,whoisthecreatoroftheLinuxkernelandforalongtime,principaldeveloper;thatbecamethekernelforoperatingsystems(andmanydistributionsofeach),suchasGNUandyearslaterAndroidandChromeOS.Healsocreatedthedistributedrevisioncontrolsystemgit.Hewashonored,alongwithShinyaYamanaka,withthe2012MillenniumTechnologyPrizebytheTechnologyAcademyFinland"inrecognitionofhiscreationofanewopensourceoperatingsystemforcomputersleadingtothewidelyusedLinuxkernel".Heisalsotherecipientofthe2014IEEEComputerSocietyComputerPioneerAward.
6.JohnvonNeumann
JohnvonNeumann(December28,1903–February8,1957)wasaHungarian-Americanpureandappliedmathematician,physicist,inventor,andpolymath.Hemademajorcontributionstoanumberoffields,includingmathematics(foundationsofmathematics,functionalanalysis,ergodictheory,geometry,topology,andnumericalanalysis),physics(quantummechanics,hydrodynamics,fluiddynamicsandquantumstatisticalmechanics),economics(gametheory),computing(VonNeumannarchitecture,linearprogramming,self-replicatingmachines,stochasticcomputing),andstatistics.
Hewasapioneeroftheapplicationofoperatortheorytoquantummechanics,inthedevelopmentoffunctionalanalysis,aprincipalmemberoftheManhattanProjectandtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton(asoneofthefeworiginallyappointed),andakeyfigureinthedevelopmentofgametheoryandtheconceptsofcellularautomata,theuniversalconstructorandthedigitalcomputer.Hepublished150papersinhislife;60inpuremathematics,20inphysics,and60inappliedmathematics.
7.GordonEarleMoore
GordonEarleMoore(bornJanuary3,1929)isanAmericanbusinessman,co-founderandChairmanEmeritusofIntelCorporation,andtheauthorofMoore'slaw.
Moore'slawistheobservationthatthenumberoftransistorsinadenseintegratedcircuitdoublesapproximatelyeverytwoyears.TheobservationisnamedafterGordonE.Moore,theco-founderofIntelandFairchildSemiconductor,whose1965paperdescribedadoublingeveryyearinthenumberofcomponentsperintegratedcircuit,andprojectedthisrateofgrowthwouldcontinueforatleastanotherdecade.
In1975,lookingforwardtothenextdecade,herevisedtheforecasttodoublingeverytwoyears.Hispredictionprovedaccurateforseveraldecades,andthelawwasusedinthesemiconductorindustrytoguidelong-termplanningandtosettargetsforresearchanddevelopment.AdvancementsindigitalelectronicsarestronglylinkedtoMoore'slaw:
quality-adjustedmicroprocessorprices,memorycapacity,sensorsandeventhenumberandsizeofpixelsindigitalcameras.
8.BobMetcalfe
BobMetcalfe(bornApril7,1946)isbestknownforco-inventingtheEthernet,today’sstandardpacketplumbingfortheInternet,in1973andforfounding3ComCorporationin1979(mergedwithHewlett-Packardin2010),anearlyproviderofInternethardwareandsoftware.StartinginJanuary2011,heholdsthepositionofProfessorofElectricalEngineeringandDirectorofInnovationatTheUniversityofTexasatAustin.
OnAug.3inBerlin,the InternetSociety inductedProfessorBobMetcalfeintotheInternetHallofFameforhissignificantcontributionstotheadvancementoftheglobalInternet.
ReadmoreaboutBobMetcalfeat
9.MichaelSaulDell
MichaelSaulDell(bornFebruary23,1965)isanAmericanbusinessmagnate,investor,philanthropist,andauthor.HeisthefounderandCEOofDellInc.,oneoftheworld’sleadingsellersofpersonalcomputers(PCs).Hewasrankedthe41strichestpersonintheworldon2012Forbeslistofbillionaires,withanetworthofUS$22.4billionasofDecember2014.
In2011,his243.35millionsharesofDellstockwereworth$3.5billion,givinghim12%ownershipofthecompany.Hisremainingwealthofroughly$10billionisinvestedinothercompaniesandismanagedbyafirmwhosename,MSDCapital,incorporatesDell'sinitials.OnJanuary5,2013itwasannouncedthatMichaelDellhadbidtotakeDellInc.privatefor$24.4billioninthebiggestmanagementbuyoutsincetheGreatRecession.
10.DouglasCarlEngelbart
DouglasCarlEngelbart(January30,1925–July2,2013)wasanAmericanengineerandinventor,andanearlycomputerandInternetpioneer.Heisbestknownforhisworkonfoundingthefieldofhuman–computerinteraction,particularlywhileathisAugmentationResearchCenterLabinSRIInternational,resultingintheinventionofthecomputermouse,andthedevelopmentofhypertext,networkedcomputers,andprecursorstographicaluserinterfaces.
Engelbart'sLaw,theobservationthattheintrinsicrateofhumanperformanceisexponential,isnamedafterhim.
2.1FindouttheChineseequivalenttoeachofthefollowingtechnicalterms.
Englishtechnicalterms
Chineseequivalents
TuringAward
图灵奖
operatingsystem
操作系统
hierarchicalfilesystem
分层文件系统,递阶系统
command-lineinterpreter
命令行编译器
Thekernel
内核
almamater
母校
mainframecomputers
大型机
Sourcecode
源代码
2.2Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.
1.WhoisKennethThompson?
KennethThompsonisanAmericanpioneerofcomputerscience.HavingworkedatBellLabsformostofhiscareer,ThompsondesignedandimplementedtheoriginalUnixoperatingsystemandinventedtheBprogramminglanguage.
2.WhatistheprojectofMulticsoperatingsystemdesignedfor?
Multics(MultiplexingInformationandComputerServices)wasanexperimentaloperatingsystemforGE-645mainframe,developedin1960sbyMIT,BellLabs,andGE.
3.HowwastheideaofnowubiquitousUnixwasborn?
In1969,BellLabswithdrewfromtheMULTICSprojectandThompsondecidedtowritehisownoperatingsystemtorunhisgame.Withthehelpofhiscolleagues,theymadeexperimentwithsomeMul
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