考研英语真题及参考答案万学海文完整版.docx
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考研英语真题及参考答案万学海文完整版.docx
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考研英语真题及参考答案万学海文完整版
2014考研政治理论真题及参考答案(万学海文完整版)
SectionI
UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’t remember1 weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2 ,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments。
”3 seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)4 impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5 。
Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It 6 outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7 cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8 .Thinkingisessentiallya9 ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10 inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandfluctuate__12_mentaleffort。
Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep__13__anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingProgram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental__14__。
TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17 yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18 modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19 onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping-muchlikea(n)20 exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse。
1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why
2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recover [D]collapses
3.[A]unless [B]while [C]once [D]if
4.[A]damaging [B]limited [C]uneven [D]obscure
5.[A]relationship [B]environment [C]welling [D]outlook
6.[A]figures [B]finds [C]points [D]turns
7.[A]responses [B]roundabout [C]workouts [D]associations
8.[A]genre [B]criterion [C]circumstances [D]functions
9.[A]channel [B]sequence [C]process [D]condition
10.[A]feature [B]excel [C]persist [D]believe
11.[A]however [B]moreover
[C]otherwise [D]therefore
12.[A]insteadof [B]according [C]apartfrom [D]regardless
13.[A]further [B]back [C]aside [D]around
14.[A]framework [B]stability [C]flexibility [D]sharpness
15.[A]hurries [B]reminds [C]allows [D]forces
16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace
17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on
18.[A]constantly [B]habitually [C]irregularly [D]unusually
19.[A]put [B]carry [C]build [D]take
20.[A]idle [B]familiar [C]risky [D]effective
SectionII ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency."GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe"upfrontworksearch"scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV,registerfortheonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?
Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance."Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."heclaimed,"We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."Help?
Really?
Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstandwashiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits。
Losingajobishurting:
youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:
ajob。
ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit–supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever–tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnofundamentalrighttobenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance”,conditionalonactivelyseekingajob:
noentitlementandnoinsurance,at£71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU。
21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto
[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits。
[B]encouragejobseeker’sactiveengagementinjobseeking.
[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily。
[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefit。
22.Thephase“tosighon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityof jobsatthejobcentre。
[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsonthegovernment.
[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.
[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.
23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.
24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel
[A]uneasy.
[B]enraged.
[C]insulted.
[D]guilty.
25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.
[B]Osborne’sreformwillreducetheriskofunemployment.
[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional。
Text2
Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica。
Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney.Temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare。
Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates;afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard。
Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodoneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird。
Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically。
Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfir
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