全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题
Directions:
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyclingtotheirphones,evenwithouta1onasubway.
It’sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethere’s2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit,
3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe4:
“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?
Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,anexecutivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”Wefearwe’llbe7.Wefearwe’llbedisruptive.
Strangersareinherently__8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”
Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn’t
12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:
Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:
Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.
1.[A]ticket
[B]permit
[C]signal
[D]record
2.[A]nothing
[B]little
[C]another
[D]much
3.[A]beaten
[B]guided
[C]plugged
[D]brought
4.[A]message
[B]code
[C]notice
[D]sign
5.[A]under
[B]beyond
[C]behind
[D]from
6.[A]misinterpreted
[B]misapplied
[C]misadjusted
[D]mismatched
7.[A]fired
[B]judged
[C]replaced
[D]delayed
8.[A]unreasonable
[B]ungrateful
[C]unconventional
[D]unfamiliar
9.[A]comfortable
[B]anxious
[C]confident
[D]angry
10.[A]attend
[B]point
[C]take
[D]turn
11.[A]dangerous
[B]mysterious
[C]violent
[D]boring
12.[A]hurt
[B]resist
[C]bend
[D]decay
13.[A]lecture
[B]conversation
[C]debate
[D]negotiation
14.[A]trainees
[B]employees
[C]researchers
[D]passengers
15.[A]reveal
[B]choose
[C]predict
[D]design
16.[A]voyage
[B]flight
[C]walk
[D]ride
17.[A]wentthrough
[B]didaway
[C]caughtup
[D]putup
18.[A]Inturn
[B]Inparticular
[C]Infact
[D]Inconsequence
19.[A]unless
[B]since
[C]if
[D]whereas
20.[A]funny
[B]simple
[C]logical
[D]rare
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA:
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETI.(40points)
Text1
Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.
Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.
Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:
working,markingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:
Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwith
completeremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.
Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome.
[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation
[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement
[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?
[A]Workingmothers.
[B]Childlesshusbands.
[C]Childlesswives.
[D]Workingfathers.
23.Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat.
[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback
[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind
[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice
24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans.
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat.
[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment
[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded
Text2
Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents–thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree–lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas
“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.
Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.
Theirthesis–thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact–wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.
26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas.
[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates
[B]narrowedtheachievementgap
[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose
[D]depressedcollegestudents
27.Theauthorsoftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause.
[A]theproblemissolvable
[B]theirapproachiscostless
[C]therecruitingratehasincreased
[D]theirfindingappealtostudents
28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents.
[A]studyatprivateuniversities
[B]arefromsing
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