语法五状语从句学生版.docx
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语法五状语从句学生版.docx
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语法五状语从句学生版
语法五:
状语从句
三大从句
名词性从句:
本身相当于名词
定语从句:
用来修饰名词
状语从句:
给出主句动作发生的时间/地点/原因/结果/比较/让步/方式/目的/条件
WhenIwasyoung,Ilistenedtotheradio.
wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
IlearnEnglish,becauseIwanttostudyabroad.
Thedogissocutethateveryonelikesit.
PleasedoasIdo.
IworkhardsothatIcangetpromoted.
LIlyiscleverthanTom.
定从状从主句都是_____的句子,即主句主干完整,定语状语都是____成分,所以删掉也没有影响。
英语中一共两种修饰成分,定语和状语,修饰名词的叫___,修饰其他词的叫_____。
用来充当状语的从句就是状语从句。
根据状语从句在整句话中起到的作用,可分为9种状语从句:
时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、比较。
状语从句的主要考点是状语从句的“”
状语从句
时间
条件
原因
地点
目的
结果
让步
方式
比较
1时间状从
a)when/whenever(ever)
whenIcamhomeintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.
weshallgotherewheneverwearefree
Whenyouconsciouslyundergoamajorlifetransition,bepatientwithyourself.
常见搭配
………had(just)done…….when……….(刚一………../当……..的时候,就已经)
ThefilmhadjustbegunwhenIwenttothecinema.
b)when
Iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhensomeonepattedmeontheshoulderfrombehind.
常见搭配
1)……………was/weredoing……when..
whenIwaswatchingTVwhenIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.
2)……….was/wereabouttodo……when……
Iwasabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.
3)…………was/wereonthepointofdoing……when
Iwasonthepointofgivinguptheteachercametoencourageme.
c)while表示“当………时候”,注意此时while后面必须跟_______
whileitwasraining,theywentout.
Istayedwhilehewasaway.
d)as
Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.
e)before
Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.
Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.
wehadn’trunamiddlebeforehefelttired.
youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.
固定搭配
1)Itwasn’tlong(before…)不多久,就……
Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.
2)hardly………before……刚……就…..
Hehardlyenteredroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.
f)after“在……之后”
Hearrivedafterthegamesstarted.
g)till/until“直到”
AuntilB:
notAuntilB
wewaitedtill(until)hecomeback.
Shedidn’tstopworkinguntileleveno’clock.
untilhehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodhere.
HewaswaitingformeatmyhomeuntilIcamback.
Sincelighttravelsfastthansound,peopleappearbrightuntilyouhearthemspeak.———BernardShaw
Everymountainisunclimbableuntilsomeoneclimbsit.
Everyshipisunsinkableuntilitsinks.
Youwillneverhavewhatyoulikeuntilyoulearntolikewhatyouhave.
Somepeopledieat25andarenotburieduntil75.
h)since表“______”“since+一般过去时”结构常和完成时搭配
GreatchangeshavetakenpalceinChinasince1978.
i)assoonas
AssoonasIarrivedinShanghai,I‘llwritetoyou.
j)hardly…A…when…B…/nosooner…A….thanB表“一…A…就……B”
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbeguntorain.
=Ihadgohomenosoonerthanitbegintorain.
=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegintorain.
Wehadhardlybegunwhenweweretoldtostop.
=Hardly
=
=Nosooner
wehadgottothestationnosoonerthanthetrainleft.
=Nosooner
=Hardly
ThemomentIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.
=AssoonasIheardthesong,Ifeltcheerful.
固定搭配
1)Itwas+时间点+when
Itwas2pmwhenwegothome.
Itwas5pmwhenwearrivedatthevillage.
2)Itwas/willbe+时间段+before……..
Itwastwoweeksbeforewemetagain.
Itwillbetwoweeksbeforewemeetagain.
3)Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…….
Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmeet.
2地点状从
a)where
wherethereiswater,thereislife.
Staywhereyouare.
Afteryoufinishthebook,putitwhereitwas.
Toboldlygowherenomanhasgonebefore.
Whereverhehappenstobe,hecanmakehimselfathome.
Everywheretheyappeared,therewereovations.
地点状语有时含有条件意味
wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Freedomisonlytobefoundwherethereisburdentobeshouldered.
Maybeonedaywe’llfindtheplacewhereourdreamsandrealitycollide.
定从还是状语从句?
b)wherever
youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.
whereveryougo,youmustobeythelaw.
3原因状从
a)because
IcamebacklateyesterdaybecauseIwasonduty.
b)for
Theroadiswet____itrainedlastnight.
Itmusthavehaverainedlastnight_______theroadiswet.
c)since
Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.
d)now(that)/seeing(that)=since
Nowthattheweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartourjourney.
seeing(that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.
e)as
Ashedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthedictionary.
4结果状从
a)so…..that
Hewassoexcitedthathecould’tsayaword.
b)such…..that
Hegavesuchimportantreasonsthathewsexcused.
Itissuchinterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.
Itissointerestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.
5 方式状从
b)as
DrawacatasItaughtyou.
Doasyouaretold.
b)theway
Doitthewayyouweretaught.
IhopetofindsomeonewholooksatmethewayIlookatthestars.Ihopetobesomeone’snightsky.
c)asif(though)
Heactedasif(though)nothinghadhappened.
Theytreattheblackboyasif(though)hewereananimal.
Heactedasifhehadnothingtodowithit.
liveasifyouweretodietomorrow.
Learnasifyouweretoliveforever.
InoneofstartsIshallbeliving.InoneofthemIshallbelaughing.Andsoitwillbeasifallthestartswerelaughing,whenyoulookattheskyatnight.You—onlyyou-willhavestartsthatcanlaugh.
6目的状从
c)sothat
we‘lltellyouthetruthsothatyoucanjudgeforyourself.
b)inorderthat
c)lest=forfearthat
putonmoreclotheslest(=forfeatthat)youshouldcatchcold.
d)incase
IshallwritedownyourtelephoneincaseImayforget.
7条件状从
a)if
Difficultiesarenothingifwearenotafraidofthem.
Fearisyourbestfriendoryourworstenemy.Itislikefire.Ifyoucancontrolit,itcancookforyouorheatyourhouse.Ifyoucannot,itwillburneverythingaroundyou,evendestroyyou.
Ifyouarenotborntobeintelligent,pleasemakesurethatyouareatleastdiligent.
Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?
———Odetothewestwind
PercyByssheshelley
corcordium
Nothingofhimthatdothfade,Butdothsufferasea-changeintosomethingrichandstrange.
pardonmefornotgettingup.
thefounderofThereader’sDigest-DwightWallace
Themostperfectcontraction.
MarilynMonroe
37,22,35
b)unless=if+not
weshallgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.=weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoes’train.
Itisalwaysthebestpolicytospeakthetruth———unless,ofcourse,youareanexceptionallygoodliar.
c)as/solongas
So/aslongasyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.
8让步状从
a)although/though
Although(though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.
Wewerenottiredthough(although)wehadworkedallday.
Althoughtheworldisfullofsuffering,itisalsofulloftheovercomingofit.-HellenKeller
b)evenif,eventhough
I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.
c)as
Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.
=Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.
Althoughitiscold,thechildrenplayoutdoors.
=Coldas/thoughitis,thechildrenplayoutdoors.
Althoughherunsfast,hecan’tcatchupwiththebus.
=Fastas/thoughheruns,hecan’tcatchupwiththebus.
Althoughheisugly,heiskind.
=Uglyas/thoughheis,heiskind.
As引导的让步倒装句
adj/adv
分词+as+主语+谓语动词
名词(无冠词)
Young/childasheis,heisknowledge.
As引导的让步倒装句的写作应用(引出另一种观点)
Wonderfulas……is,however,itisnotwithoutshortcomings.
d)nomatter(who,what,when,which,where,how)无论
Doit(nomatterwhatotherssay)
=Doitwhateverotherssay.
Nomatterhowbusyhewa,hestudiesEnglisheveryday.
=Howeverbusyhewas,
Nomatterwhotaksupthematterforme,Ishallbeverygrateful.
=whoevertakesupthematterforme,
e)wh+ever(whatever,whoever,whenever,whichever,however,wherever)
whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.
=Nomatterwhathappens/mayhappen,
whoevercomes,hewillbewelcome.
=Nomatterwhocomes,
九比较状从
a)as……..as
Maryisasoldasmysister.
b)notso/as……as
Hedoesn’trunso(as)fastasJack(does).
c)thesame……as
HIsbookisthesameasmine.
d)such…..as
Henryisnotsuchagoodworkeraspeter.
e)….than….比
Shehasmadegreaterprogressthisyearthanshedidlastyear.
HeboughtfewerbooksthanI(did).
f)themore…….themore
Themoreyouread,thebetteryouunderstand.
Theharderyouwork,themoremoneyyouwillget.
Themoretiecketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.
Theharderyouwork,thegreatprogressyouwillmake.
Thesooner,thebetter.
Thewarmer,thebetter.
能引导多种状语从句的引导词:
as/while
4)除了引导时间状语从句外,as还可引导原因,让步,比较,方式等状从
Assheisamodelteacher,shegivesagoodexampletoothers.
MuchasIadmireMr.wangasapoet,Idon’tlikehimasaman.
Hedoesn’trunasfastasJack(does).
DrawacatasItaughtyou.
2)除了引导时间状语从句外,while还可引导让步,条件等状从
while(=though)Ilikethecolorofthehat,Idon’tlikeitsshape.
while(=aslongas)thereislife,thereishope.
如何区分状语从句/定语从句/强调句
1)Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.
Makemarksattheplaceswhereyouhavequestions.
2)Itissuchsanadvancestheorythatfewpeopleunderstandit.
Itissuchanadvancedtheoryasfewpeopleunderstand.
3)Itwas8o’clockintheeveningwhenIfoundmyhousebrokeninto.
Itwasat8o’clockintheeveningthatIfoundmyhousebrokeninto.
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