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unit4.docx
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unit4
Unit4Inventions
1.advertisementn.广告
2.funnyadj.滑稽的,好笑的
3.createv.创造,创作
4.telephonen.电话,电话机
5.wheeln.车轮,轮子
6.comfortableadj.舒适的
7.carriagen.(旧时的载客的)四轮马车
8.centuryn.世纪
9.passengern.乘客,旅客
10.inventv.发明,创造
11.practicaladj.有用的,适用的
12.sinceprep.从…以后,自…以来
13.distancen.距离,间距
14.mobilephonen.移动电话,手机
15.anytimeadv.在任何时候
16.developv.开发,研制
17.lampn.灯
18.candlen.蜡烛
19.daytimen.白天,日间
20.dustn.灰尘,尘土
21.specialadj.特殊的,特别的
22.wingn.(飞行器的)翅膀,机翼
23.introductionn.引言
24.petroln.汽油
1.sincethen自那以来
2.insteadofprep.代替,作为…的替换
3.keepintouchwith与…保持联系
4.inthedaytime在白天
5.keep…off使…不接近,远离
6.atthesametime同时
7.throwaway扔掉
15.feel+adj觉得…
8.turninto变成
9.makeamess弄得一团糟
10.leadto导致,引起,通向
11.begintodosth开始做某事
12.allowsbtodosth允许做某事
13.imaginedoingsth想象做某事
14.makesbdosth使某人做某事
16.intheearly19thcentury在19世纪早期
二、知识点讲解
1.AlexanderGrahamBellinventedoneofthefirstpracticaltelephonesin1786.
invent与discover辨析
invent 意为“发明”,发明之物是“从无到有”
Eg:
Modernfootballwas invented byBritish.
discover 意为“发现”,发现“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物,
Eg:
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
2.Sincethen,peoplehavebeenabletospeaktoeachotheroverlongdistance.
(1)be able to 表示“能”、“会”时,与can可互换,意义差别不大。
be able to与 can 区别 :
①can could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), be able to可以用于各种时态。
can 除可以表示“能”、“会”外,还可以表示“许可”、“允许”或可能性,
而 be able to 则不可。
Eg:
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
②只用be able to ( 位于助动词后、情态动词后)。
can 与 be able to 不能重叠使用。
(2)over/through/across“通过,穿过”
①over是介词,用作“穿过、通过”时,表示到达高的障碍物(如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等)的另一侧
②across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关,为二维
③through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维。
(3)①speak强调单方的“说”或“讲”并且强调的是说的动作,一般用作不及物动词,要表示“对某人说(某事)”,可用speakto/withsb(aboutsth).;speak+语言。
Eg:
SpeakEnglishinmyclass,please.
spoketo/withthechairmanaboutmyidea.
②talk意为“讲、谈论,谈话”是不及物动词,表示“同某人谈论(某事)”,可用talkto/withsb(aboutsth)。
Eg:
Hewastalkingto/withafriend.
③say强调说话内容,一般用作及物动词。
表示“对某人说”,可用saytosb。
Itissaidthat...意为“据说”。
Eg:
Itissaidthathecouldstayunderthewaterforalongtime.
Didyousayanything(tohim)?
(“据说他病了。
”正:
Itissaidthatheisill.误:
Heissaidtobeill.)
(4)tell表示“告诉”,可tellsbsth./tellsthtosb.“告诉某人某事”。
Eg:
Hetoldhisparentsthegoodnews./Hetoldthegoodnewstohisparents.
【注意】还可接不定式的复合结构作宾语,tellsbtodosth“叫某人做某事”。
Eg:
Hetoldthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.
3.Theyallowpeopletokeepintouchwitheachotheranytime,anywhere.
allow“允许”
(1)allow (doing) sth “允许(做)某事”。
Eg:
We don’t allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。
(注:
有时用于被动语态。
)
Eg:
Smoking is not allowed here.
(2)allow sb ____ sth “允许某人做某事”。
Eg:
My parents don’t allow me to go out at night.
4.Keepthedustoffyourshoes.
用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。
“坚持;继续”。
后面如接动词,要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。
Eg:
If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress.“阻止;阻碍”常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中,其中介词 from 不能省
keep + sb/sth + 形容词。
Eg:
The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match.
These gloves will keep your hands warm.
5.TheBlacksthrowasmanyascanstheBrowns.
theBlacks“布莱克一家”。
(the+姓氏的名词复数,表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”)
asmanyas“多达;和...一样多”;后接可数名词复数;
asmuchas“多达;和...一样多”后接不可数名词
6.Itsometimesmadeamessonthepaper.
1)Sometimes “有时”,提问时用how often
Eg:
He sometimes walks to school.
2)Sometime“某个时候”,提问时用when
Eg:
I will go to Beijing sometime next week..
3)some times“几次”,提问时用how many times
Eg:
I have been to Japan some times.
4)some time“一段时间”,提问时用how long
Eg:
I stayed in Shanghai for some time.
7.ThomasEdisondevelopedthefirstpracticallightbulbin1789.
develop“开发,研制;发展;冲洗”
developv.“发展”;adj.developed“发达的”、developing“发展中的”;
n.development“发展”。
Eg:
AmericaisthebiggestdevelopedcountrywhileChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountry.
8.Zhugeliangusedsuchlanternstogivesignalsinbattles.
usesthtodosth/usesthfordoingsth/dosthwithsth“用某物做某事”
such如此的(与that连用)
区别such与so
(1)so+adj/adv.+that
Eg:
HerunssofastthatIcan’tcatchhim.
(2)so+many/few+可数名词复数/much/little+不可数名词that
Eg:
Sofewpeoplecametoseethefilmthatthemangerputonanotherfilminstead.
(3)such+a/an+adj.+n.单数=so+adj+a/an+n.单数(形容词的位置不同)
Eg:
Theboyissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.
(4)such+adj+复数\不可数+that
Eg:
Hetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughed.
9.Wemakeourvoiceriseattheend.
sound,voice与noise 区别:
(1)相同点:
它们均有“声音”的意思。
(2)不同点:
sound“声音”,泛指人能听到的自然界的声音;
voice“噪音”,只人说话,唱歌或鸟鸣叫的声音;
noise“噪音,吵闹声”,常指不悦耳,不和谐的嘈杂声。
Eg:
The room is very quite you can’t hear any sound.
The girl is singing in a beautiful voice.
Don’t make any noise !
Your father is sleeping.
10.Afteritsinvention,travellingbecamefasterandmorecomfortable.
comfortableadj.“舒适的”;comfortv.;其比较级morecomfortable.
最高级为mostcomfortable;反义词为uncomfortable
Eg:
Thesofatouchesmorecomfortablethanthatone.
Hefeelsuncomfortable,hewantstogohomenow.
语法:
形容词的比较级和最高级
二、比较等级
1.原级句型:
1)肯定结构:
A…+as+原级+as+B
Eg:
I’mastallasLucy.
2)否定结构:
A…not+as/so+原级+as+B
Eg:
I’mnotas/socarefullyasLucy.
3)asmany+可数名词复数+as
Eg:
TheBlacksthrowawayasmanycansastheBrowns.
4)asmuch+不可数名词复数+as
Eg:
TheBlacksthrowawayasmuchpaperastheBrowns.
5)原级前可用very、too、so、enough、rather、quite等修饰。
2.比较级句型:
1)…比较级+than…;Eg:
Ahorseisheavierthanasheep.
2)Which/whois+(the)比较级,AorB?
;Eg:
Whichistheolder,TomorBob?
3)倍数+比较级+than…Eg:
Thisappleisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.
4)比较级and比较级(单音节词)/moreandmore+原级(多音节词)表示越来越……
Eg:
Thetreegrowstallerandtaller.
Ourenvironmentisbecomingmoreandmorebeautifulwithourhardwork.
5)The+比较级…,the+比较级…:
表示“越…越…”
Eg:
Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.
6)比较级前可用much、even、far、abit、alittle等来修饰;
7)“the+比较级+ofthetwo”表示“两者中比较…”
Eg:
Heistheclevererofthetwoboys.
3.最高级句型:
1)the+最高级+由of/in构成的表示范围的介词短语“在…最…”
Eg:
Iamthetallestofallthestudentsinmyclass.
2)oneofthe+最高级+名词复数“最…之一”
Eg:
BeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.
3)the+序数词+最高级:
表示某个范围内在第几位
Eg:
TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.
4.比较级表最高级句型:
“比任何一个都…”“形容词的比较级+thananyother+单数名词”(范围内)
可以与最高级进行互换
“形容词的比较级+thanany+单数名词”(范围外)
Eg:
Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass=Heisthetallestboy……
ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
二、选择题。
()1.Don'tworry,sir.I'msureIcanrun_________tocatchupwiththem.
A.slowlyenough B.enoughslowly C.fastenough D.enoughfast
()2.Thetextisveryeasyforyou.Thereare________newwordsinit.
A.afew B.alittle C.few D.little
()3.It'ssuchan________filmthatallthestudentsare______init.
A.interesting;interested B.interested;interesting
C.interesting;interesting D.interested;interested
()4.Mingminggotupvery_______,sohecametoschoolhalfanhour______.
A.late;lately B.lately;late C.lately;lately D.late;late
()5.Iam________worriedaboutmyparents'healthyconditions.
A.sometimes B.sometime C.sometimes D.sometimes
()6.______childrenthereareinfamily,_______theirlifewillbe.
A.Theless;thebetter B.Thefewer;thebetter C.Fewer;richer D.More;poorer
()7.MostofthepeopleinGuangdongaregetting________.
A.moreandmorerich B.morerichandmorerich
C.richerandricher D.richerandrichest
()8.Whichlessonis_______,thisoneorthatone?
A.difficult B.muchdifficult C.moredifficult D.themostdifficult
()9.“A______accidenthappenedat7:
30a.m.”saidthepoliceman_______.
A.serious,serious B.seriously,seriously
C.seriously,serious D.serious,seriously
()10.Inourcity,itis______inJuly,butitiseven_______inAugust.
A.hotter;hottest B.hot;hot C.hotter;hot D.hot;hotter
()11.Thestationistwokilometers_______thehospital.
A.awayto B.faraway C.farfrom D.awayfrom
()12.Indiahasthesecond_______populationintheworld.
A.larger B.most C.smallest D.largest
()13.Thecakesmells______.Pleasethrowitaway.
A.good B.badly C.bad D.well
()14.—Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?
—Itwasterrible.Itrainedso________thatpeoplecould_______goout.
A.hardly…hard B.hardly…hardly C.hard…hardly D.hard…hard
()15.Howbeautifulshesings!
I'veneverheard________.
A.thebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoice
课后作业
一、选择题。
()1.Theearthisabout______asthemoon.
A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbig
C.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig
()2.Yourroomis______mine.
A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeof
C.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeas
()3.Yourroomis______thanmine.
A.threetimebigB.threetimesbig
C.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimes
()4.Hisfatheris______thanhismother.
A.olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolder
C.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears
()5.Mathsismorepopularthan______.
A.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjects
C.anysubjectD.othersubject
()6.Chinaislargerthan______inAfrica.
A.anyothercountryB.othercountries
C.theothercountryD.anycountry
()7.Tomisstrongerthan______inhisclass.
A.anyotherboyB.anyboys
C.anyboyD.otherboy
()8.Whenspringcomes,itgets______.
A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolder
C.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorter
()9.Byandby,_____
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