六级答案.docx
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六级答案.docx
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六级答案
2008年12月六级答案
【篇一:
2008年12月英语六级阅读真题及答案】
eadingcomprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)sectiona
directions:
inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.readthepassagecarefully.thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.pleasewriteyouranswersonanswersheet2.
questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
oneofthemajorproducersofathleticfootwear,with2002salesofover$10billion,isacompanycallednike,withcorporateheadquartersinbeaverton,oregon.forbesmagazineidentifiednike’spresident,philipknight,asthe53rd-richestmanintheworldin2004.butnikehasnotalwaysbeenalargemultimillion-dollarorganization.infact,knightstartedthecompanybysellingshoesfromthebackofhiscarattrackmeets.
inthelate1950sphilipknightwasamiddle-distancerunnerontheuniversityoforegontrackteam,coachedbybillbowerman.oneofthetoptrackcoachesintheu.s.,bowermanwasalsoknownforexperimentingwiththedesignofrunningshoesinanattempttomakethemlighterandmoreshock-absorbent.afterattendingoregon,knightmovedontodograduateworkatstanforduniversity;hismbathesiswasonmarketingathleticshoes.oncehereceivedhisdegree,knighttraveledtojapantocontacttheonitsukatigercompany,amanufacturerofathleticshoes.knightconvincedthecompany’sofficialsofthepotentialforitsproductintheu.s.in1963hereceivedhisfirstshipmentoftigershoes,200pairsintotal.
in1964,knightandbowermancontributed$500eachtofromblueribbonsports,thepredecessorofnike.inthefirstfewyears,knightdistributedshoesoutofhiscaratlocaltrackmeets.thefirstemployeeshiredbyknightwereformercollegeathletes.thecompanydidnothavethemoneytohire“experts”,andtherewasnoestablishedathleticfootwearindustryinnorthamericafromwhichtorecruitthoseknowledgeableinthefield.initsearlyyearstheorganizationoperatedinanunconventionalmannerthatcharacterizeditsinnovativeandentrepreneurialapproachtotheindustry.communicationwasinformal;peoplediscussedideasandissuesinthehallways,onarun,oroverabeer.therewaslittletaskdifferentiation.therewerenojobdescriptions,rigidreportingsystems,ordetailedrulesandregulations.theteamspiritandsharedvaluesoftheathletes
onbowerman’steamscarriedoverandprovidedthebasisforthecollegialstyleofmanagementthatcharacterizedtheearlyyearsofnikes.
47.whileservingasatrackcoach,bowermantriedtodesignrunningshoesthatwere_____________________.
48.duringhisvisittojapan,knightconvincedtheofficialsoftheonitsukatigercompanythatitsproductwouldhave____________________________________.
49.blueribbonsportsasunabletohireexpertsduetotheabsenceof____________________innorthamerica.
50.intheearlyyearsofnike,communicationwithinthecompanywasusuallycarriedout____________.
51.whatqualitiesofbowerman’steamsformedthebasisofnike’searlymanagementstyle?
_______________________________________________________________.
sectionb
directions:
thereare2passagesinthissection.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[a],[b],[c]and[d].youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.passageone
questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.
tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.medievalagricultureinnortherneuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.intermsofenergyuseandthenutrients(营养成分)capturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.
contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.throughout
thisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.however,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitat(栖息地)lossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.
what’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.
allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.thiswillrequireradicalthinking.forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.
insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandcons(正反两方面)ofallthevariouswaylandisused.therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:
energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromspaintotheukislessthanthatofproducingthemintheukwithadditionalheatingandlighting.butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.
whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.
52.howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?
a)byitsproductivityc)byitsimpactontheenvironment
b)byitssustainabilityd)byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth
53.specialisationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin________.
a)localisedpollutionc)competitionfromoverseas
b)theshrinkingoffarmlandd)thedecreaseofbiodiversity
54.whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?
a)theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies
b)theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth
c)theyarenotnecessarilysustainable
d)theyareenvironmentallyfriendly
55.whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury
a)itwillgothroughradicalchanges
b)itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts
c)itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices
d)itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment
56whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
a)toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment
b)tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction
c)toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress
d)tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis
passagetwo
questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheunitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.at12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.
wearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhencongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingamerica’sbloodstream.butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.
althoughchildrenofmexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsuclasociologistedwardtelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdjamesjackson,oftheuniversityofmichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackcaribbeanimmigrants,tellsfearsthatmexican-americansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofamericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired(陷入)inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.likeafrican-americans,mexican-americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto(降入)segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.
wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.butwhatwehavenotyetlearnedis
howtomaketheprocessofamericanizationworkforall.iamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnenglishortoadoptamericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.
thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beamericans.anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.
57.howwereimmigrantsviewedbyu.s.congressinearlydays?
a)theywereofinferiorraces.
b)theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.
c)they
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