美国文学赏析整理.docx
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美国文学赏析整理.docx
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美国文学赏析整理
一
Iheardthemerrygrasshopperthensing,
Theblack-cladcricketbearasecondpart,
Theykeptonetune,andplayedonthesamestring,
Seemingtogloryintheirlittleart.
Shallcreaturesabjectthustheirvoicesraise
Andintheirkindresoundtheirmaker’spraise,
WhilstI,asmute,canwarbleforthnohigherlays
“UnderthecoolingshadowofastatelyElm,
ClosestateIbyagoodlyRiver’sside,
WhereglidingstreamstheRocksdidoverwhelm;
Alonelyplacewithpleasuresdignifi’d.
Ioncethatlov’dtheshadywoodssowell,
Nowthoughttheriversdidthetreesexcel,
AndifthesunwouldevershinetherewouldIdwell.
“Whilemusingthuswithcontemplationfed,
Andthousandfanciesbuzzinginmybrain,
Thesweettongu’dPhilomelperchto’ermyhead,
Andchantedforthamostmelodiousstrain,
Whichraptmesowithwonderanddelight,
Ijudg’dmyhearingbetterthanmysight.
题目:
the9thofContemplations
作者:
AnneBradstreet
赏析:
1.Rhymeroyal:
sevenlineiambicpetametre七行五步抑扬格
2.Rhyme:
ababccc
3.Theme:
religion
4.象征:
black-clad=death;abject=admittingdefeat;maker=god
5.Agenuineexpressionofpoeticfeelinginthepresenceofnature.
ThepoemoffersthereaderaninsightintothementalityoftheearlyPuritanpioneeringinanewworld.Thepoetheardthegrasshopperandthecricketsing,andshesearchedforherownsoulaccordingly.
6.Shesawsthmetaphysicalinheringinthephysical,amodeofperceptionwhichwassingularlyPuritan
二
ItwasaboutthistimeIconceivedtheboldandarduousprojectofarrivingatmoralperfection.Iwishedtolivewithoutcommittinganyfaultatanytime;Iwouldconquerallthateithernaturalinclination,custom,orcompanymightleadmeinto.AsIknew,orthoughtIknew,whatwasrightandwrong,IdidnotseewhyImightnotalwaysdotheoneandavoidtheother.ButIsoonfoundIhadundertakenataskofmoredifficultythanIhadimagined.Whilemycarewasemployedinguardingagainstonefault,Iwasoftensurprisedbyanother;habittooktheadvantageofinattention;inclinationwassometimestoostrongforreason.Iconcluded,atlength,thatthemerespeculativeconvictionthatitwasourinteresttobecompletelyvirtuouswasnotsufficienttopreventourslippingandthatthecontraryhabitsmustbebroken,andgoodonesacquiredandestablished,beforewecanhaveanydependenceonasteady,uniformrectitudeofconduct.ForthispurposeIthereforecontrivedthefollowingmethod.
InthevariousenumerationsofthemoralvirtuesIhadmetwithinmyreading,Ifoundthecatalogmoreorlessnumerous,asdifferentwritersincludedmoreorfewerideasunderthesamename.Temperance,forexample,wasbysomeconfinedtoeatinganddrinking,whilebyothersitwasextendedtomeanthemoderatingeveryotherpleasure,appetite,inclination,orpassionbodilyormental,eventoouravariceandambition,Iproposedtomyself,forthesakeofclearness,touserathermorenames,withfewerideasannexedtoeach,thanafewnameswithmoreideas;andIincludedunderthirteennamesofvirtuesallthatatthattimeoccurredtomeasnecessaryordesirable,andannexedtoeachashortprecept,whichfullyexpressedtheextentIgavetoitsmeaning.
题目:
Autobiography
作者:
BenjaminFranklin
赏析:
1.OneofBenjaminFranklin’sliterarysuccesses.1771-1788,incompletewhenhedied.
2.Purpose:
tomaketheexperienceofhisowncareer,theconductandhabitoflifewhichhadledtosuccessinhisowncase,asourceofhelpandinspirationtoothers.
3.Thestoryofhisstruggles,errors,experimentswithhimself,accomplishment.
4.Wonderfulfrankness&extremesimplicity
三
“Godknows,I’mnotmyself—I’msomebodyelse—…andI’mchanged,andIcan’ttellwhat’smyname,orwhoIam.”
Rip
DameVanWinkle
题目:
RipVanWinkle
作者:
WashingtonIrving
赏析:
1.Rip:
self-centered,careless,anti-intellectual,imaginative,andhollyastheovergrownchild.HesymbolizestheimmatureAmerica.
2.DameVanWinkle(Rip’swife):
symbolizesthepuritanicaldisciplineandtheworkethicofFranklin.
3.Whysleep20years
Purpose:
toshowusclearlytheconflictsanddreamsofthenations—theconflictofinnocenceandexperience,workandleisure,theoldandthenew,theheadandtheheart.ItisalsototellusthatamanwhohaslookedtowardthebeginningofcivilizationinAmericacanmakeachoiceinhisanalysisofhisownlife.
4.InevitablychangingAmerica.
四
Asubtlechainofcountlessrings,
Thenextuntothefarthestbrings;
Theeyereadsomenswhereitgoes,
Andspeaksalllanguagestherose;
And,strivingtobeman,theworm,
Mountsthroughallthespiresofform.
题目:
Nature
作者:
RalphWaldoEmerson
赏析:
1.Transcendentalism
2.Prose:
casualstyle(derivedfromhisjournalsorlectures);
Characterizedbyaseriesofshort,declarativesentences,whicharequitelogicallyconnectedbutwillfloweroutintoillustrativestatementsoftruthandthoughts.
Comparisonsandmetaphorstomakethegeneralideasofhisworksclearlyexpressed.
Employliterarysourcestomakeandenrichhisownpointsbutneverletthemtakethefullreinsofhisdiscussion.
五
HesterPrynne女主角
RogerChillingworth女主角的丈夫
ArthurDimmesdale牧师。
女主角通奸的对象
Pearl女儿
“Onafield,sable,theletterA,gules”
题目:
TheScarletLetter
作者:
NathanielHawthorne
赏析:
1.AstoryofrebellionwithinanemotionallyconstrictedPuritansociety.
2.UndisputedmasterpieceofHawthorne.RevealHawthorne’ssuperbcraftsmanship
3.Modernpsychologicalinsight;secretmotivationsinhumanbehaviour;guilt&anxietyresultedfromsinsagainsthumanity,esp.frompride.
4.Setting:
PuritanbackgroundofNewEnglandin17C
5.Hawthorne:
masterofSymbolism.
Pearl=thematicsymbol:
consequencethesinofadulteryhasbroughttothecommunityandpeoplelivinginthecommunity.
LetterA=differentsymbolicmeanings(adultery,angel,able,advance,admiration,etc.).Theambiguityisoneofthesalientfeaturesofthework.
6.Hester:
committedsinbuttruetoGodandherself;notarealsinner;sinfuljustinthesinfuleyesoftheconventionalPuritans.
7.Chillingworth:
physician,coldobserveroflife,lookingonmankindasthesubjectofexperiment;lostinrevenge;nottruetohimself/others/God;realvillainofthestory,truesinner.
8.Dimmesdale:
partnerofHester’ssin;theconcealmentofthefirstsinledtothesecondsin;nolongertruetoGod/others,butkepttruetohimself;intellectualarrogance&betrayingofhonestyconflictwithinhim,ledtothetwistinganddistortionofhispersonality;suffermostinstory.
六
Ahab/Pequod/Ishmael
题目:
MobyDick
作者:
HermanMelville
赏析:
1.Ahab:
captainofthewhalingship
2.Pequod:
nameofthewhalingship
3.Theme:
therebelliousstruggleofCaptainAhabagainsttheoverwhelming,mysteriousvastnessoftheuniverseanditsawesomesometimesmercilessforces.
4.Symbols&allegory:
Pequod=microcosmofhumansociety;
Thevoyage=asearchfortruth;
MobyDick=nature(complex,unfathomable,malignant,beautiful),anultimatemysteryofuniverse.
七
Onceuponamidnightdreary,whileIponderedweakandweary,
Overmanyaquaintandcuriousvolumeofforgottenlore,
WhileInodded,nearlynapping,suddenlytherecameatapping,
Asofsomeonegentlyrapping,rappingatmychamberdoor.
`'Tissomevisitor,'Imuttered,`tappingatmychamberdoor-
Onlythis,andnothingmore.'
Ah,distinctlyIrememberitwasinthebleakDecember,
Andeachseparatedyingemberwroughtitsghostuponthefloor.
EagerlyIwishedthemorrow;-vainlyIhadsoughttoborrow
Frommybookssurceaseofsorrow-sorrowforthelostLenore-
FortherareandradiantmaidenwhomtheangelsnamedLenore-
Namelesshereforevermore.
Andthesilkensaduncertainrustlingofeachpurplecurtain
Thrilledme-filledmewithfantasticterrorsneverfeltbefore;
Sothatnow,tostillthebeatingofmyheart,Istoodrepeating
`'Tissomevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor-
Somelatevisitorentreatingentranceatmychamberdoor;-
Thisitis,andnothingmore,'
Presentlymysoulgrewstronger;hesitatingthennolonger,
`Sir,'saidI,`orMadam,trulyyourforgivenessIimplore;
ButthefactisIwasnapping,andsogentlyyoucamerapping,
Andsofaintlyyoucametapping,tappingatmychamberdoor,
ThatIscarcewassureIheardyou'-hereIopenedwidethedoor;-
Darknessthere,andnothingmore.
Deepintothatdarknesspeering,longIstoodtherewondering,fearing,
Doubting,dreamingdreamsnomortaleverdaredtodreambefore;
Butthesilencewasunbroken,andthedarknessgavenotoken,
Andtheonlywordtherespokenwasthewhisperedword,`Lenore!
'
ThisIwhispered,andanechomurmuredbacktheword,`Lenore!
'
Merelythisandnothingmore.
Backintothechamberturning,allmysoulwithinmeburning,
SoonagainIheardatappingsomewhatlouderthanbefore.
`Surely,'saidI,`surelythatissomethingatmywindowlattice;
Letmeseethen,whatthereatis,andthismysteryexplore-
Letmyheartbestillamomentandthismysteryexplore;-
'Tisthewindandnothingmore!
'
OpenhereIflungtheshutter,when,withmanyaflirtandflutter,
Intheresteppedastatelyravenofthesaintlydaysofyore.
Nottheleastobeisancemadehe;notaminutestoppedorstayedhe;
But,withmienoflordorlady,perchedabovemychamberdoor-
PercheduponabustofPallasjustabovemychamberdoor-
Perched,andsat,andnothingmore.
Thenthisebonybirdbeguilingmysadfancyintosmiling,
Bythegraveandsterndecorumofthecountenanceitwore,
`Thoughthycrestbeshornandshaven,thou,'Isaid,`artsurenocraven.
Ghastlygrimandancientravenwanderingfromthenightlyshore-
Tellmewhatthylordlynameisonthe
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