职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052922.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052922.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案052922
职称英语考试《理工类》每日一练精选及答案0529-22
1、Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.【单选题】
A.takeout
B.repair
C.pushin
D.dig
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
题干大意:
牙医已经决定给她把坏牙拔掉。
extractatooth:
拔牙。
选项中,takeout:
取出,去掉,符合题意。
repair:
修理。
pushin:
推进,闯入。
dig:
挖。
故答案选A。
2、TheThreattoKiribati
ThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain."Thisneverhappenedbefore,"saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.
Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?
Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants(污染物)arereleased.Thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth'satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers(冰川)andpolar(极地的)icecaps.
Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral(珊瑚)islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate-theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone'sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.
Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon'thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.
Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
题干大意:
一些工业化国家不愿意花钱减少污染。
文章最后一句提到:
Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.所有他们能做的就是希望工业化国家能采取措施减少污染。
但是这并没有说明工业化国家不愿意花钱减少污染。
故答案选C。
3、WhatDoDreamsTellUs?
Whydowedream?
Dodreamshavemeanings?
Thesearequestionswhichhavetroubledmanforthousandsofyears.TheoldestsurvivingbookontheinterpretationofdreamsisEgyptianandisnearly4,000yearsold.InancientGreece,itwasthoughtthatpeoplewhowereillcouldbecuredbytellingtheirdreams.Theywouldrelatetheirdreamstotheirdoctorswhowouldtellthemwhattheymeantandthengivethemmedicinetomakethemwell.TheancientChinesebelievedthatifapregnantwomandreamedofabear,shewouldhaveason,andifshedreamedofasnake,shewouldhaveadaughter.Therearemanystoriesaboutdreamsforetelling(预言)thefuture.
Wecertainlydonotnowbelievethatdreamsforetellthefuture.Mostscientistsbelievethatdreamsarebasedoneventsinourownlifeandonourfeelings.Theeventsareusuallyveryrecent,mostlywithinthelasttwodays.Ouremotions,ontheotherhandourwishes,hopesandfearsmaygobackmanyyears,eventoearlychildhood.
Inadream,eventsarealtered.Adreammaycontainpartsofmanyreal-lifeevents.Mostimportantly,somethingthatcannotbeshowndirectlymaybeshownindirectly.Forexample,youmightdreamofdrivingalargecar.Thiscouldmeannotthatyouwanttohavealargercar,butthatyoudesirepower,andmaybeyouwanttocontrolotherpeople.Again,youmaydreamthatyouareanactorinaplay.Theplayisabouttostart,butyouhavecompletelyforgotyourlines.Thisdreammayseemstrangebecauseyouarenotinterestedinacting,andyouneverwanttobeinaplay.Butthedreammaymeanthatyouhavesomeotherproblemthatyoufeelistoodifficultforyoutosolve.
Psychologistsbelievethatdreamsmaybehelpfultous.Indeed,peoplewhohavebeenallowedtosleepinexperiments,butnotallowedtodream,havebecomeanxiousandrestless.Andwhentheyarelaterallowedtosleepasmuchastheylike,theydreammorethanevertomakeusforthelost"dreamtime".
Ifyoudreamofdrivingalargecar,itcouldmeanthatyouwant______.
【单选题】
A.power
B.quietandhappy
C.events
D.experiments
E.diseases
F.worriedandnervous
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
根据题干线索词drivingacar定位原文至第三段第四句:
Forexample,youmightdreamofdrivingalargecar.Thiscouldmeannotthatyouwanttohavealargercar,butthatyoudesirepower...句中的this即指dreamofdrivingacar,desire作为动词与want同义。
由此推断,句中画线部分即为所需添加成分,而A选项属于原文复现,故A为正确答案。
4、SeeingRedMeansDangerAhead
Thecolorredoftenmeansdangerandbypayingattention,accidentscanbeprevented.Inthefuture,thecolorredalsomayhelppreventdangeratconstructionsites.Thankstonewworkbyengineers,bridgesupportsorotherkindsofmaterials,couldonedaycontainacolor-changingmaterial.Itwillturnredbeforeastructurecollapsesorfallsapart.
Thesecretbehindthecolor-changingmaterialisaparticulartypeofmolecule(分子).Amoleculeisagroupofatoms(原子)heldtogetherbychemicalbonds.Moleculescomeinallshapesandsizesandmakeup_____youcansee,touchorfeel.Howamoleculebehavesdependsonwhatkindsofatomsitcontainsandhowthey'reheldtogether.
Whenapolymer(聚合物)containingacolor-changingmoleculecalledamechanophore(机械响应性聚合物)isabouttobreak,itproducesacolor.Whenapolymerwithmechanophoremoleculesbecomes"injured"orweak,oneofthemechanophorebondsbreaksandthematerialturnsred."It'sareallysimpledetectionmethod,"saysNancySottos,oneofthescientistswhoworkedontheproject.Sottosandherteamtestedthecolor-changingpolymersintheirlab.Thetestresultsprovedencouraging.
Thereisawaytogetridoftheredcolorlight.Whenabrightlightisshoneonthemechanophore,thebrokenbondisfixedandtheredcolordisappears.Thus"self-healing"maybeaproblemforengineers.Theyneedtousethecolor-changerinbigconstructionprojectsthatwillbeoutside,undersunlight.Andsunlightwillmakethemechanophore'swarningsystemuseless.
Sottosandherfellowscientistsstillhavealotofworktodobeforethecolor-changingmoleculescanbeusedoutsidethelab.
【单选题】
A.nothing
B.anyone
C.someone
D.everything
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
本题难度不大,考查不定代词everything的用法,本题可以先看选项,得到信息提示,很明显,答案是D。
5、RadiocarbonDating
Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandwhysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyattheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(质子)andsixneutrons(中子)initsnucleus(原子核).Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons.Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减).Thisprocessinvolvesthelossoftheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.
InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromthisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.ThedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.
Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线).ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,theamountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.
AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织).Onceanorganism(有机体)diesitstopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreasesandtheratioofC-14toothercarbonatomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.
Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold.【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,需要认真寻找答案依据。
主要答案依据在文章第二段第一句:
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940s谈到放射性碳测定法源于20世纪40年代,显然,早就超过了40年历史,所以本题错误,答案是B。
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