雅思小作文范文.docx
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雅思小作文范文.docx
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雅思小作文范文
Linechart/linegraph
ThelinegraphillustratesthedateaboutpeopleataLondonsubwaystationfrom6amto10pm.
Aswecanseefromthelinegraph,thenumberofpeopleusingthisstationfluctuatesoverthese16hours.
Morespecifically,atfirstat6amthenumberofpeopleatthestationstandsatonly100.
Then,thenumbershootsupoverthenexttwohours,peakingat400at8am.
Afterthat,thenumberdeclinesrapidlyfortwohours,bottomingoutat180at10am.
Theperiodbetween10o'clockand12o'clockexperiencesaslightgrowthinthenumberofpeopleinthestation,withthenumberreaching280atmidday.
Numbersinthefollowingtwohoursleveloffatjustunder300people.
Fromthispointonwards,thenumberplungestoonly100from2pmto4pm.
Thenexttwohoursexperiencesasharpriseagain,with6pmarrivingat380people.
After6pm,thenumberfallsagain,reachingthelowestpointof130at8pm.
Theperiodfrom8pmto10pmseesaslightrise,butfinallythenumberofpeopledeclinesagainfrom180at9pmto135at10pm.
Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chicken,and,fishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
Overall,thegraphshowstheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.
In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.
Lampandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).
However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlampfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.
Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelstowerethestable.
Theconsumptionofchicken,intheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.
By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.
ThegraphshowsenergyconsumptionintheUSfrom1980to2012,andprojectedconsumptionto2030.
Overall,theUSwillcontinuetorelyonfossilfuels,withsustainableandnuclearenergysourcesremainingrelativelyinsignificant.
Petrolandoilarethedominantfuelsourcesthroughouttheperiod,with35quadrillion(35q)unitsusedin1980,risingto42qin2012.
Despitesomeinitialfluctuation,from1995therewasasteadyincrease.
Thisisexpectedtocontinue,reaching47qin2030.
Consumptionofenergyderivedfromnaturalgasandcoalissimilarovertheperiod.
Form20qand15qrespectivelyin1980,gasshowedaninitialfallandcoalagradualincrease,withthetwofuelsequalbetween1985and1990.
Consumptionhasfluctuatedsince1990butbothnowprovide24q.
Coalispredictedtoincreasesteadilyto31qin2030,whereasafter2014,gaswillremainstableat25q.
In1980,energyfromnuclear,hydro-andsolar/windpowerwasequalatonly4q.
Nuclearhasrisenby3q,andsolar/windby2.
Afterslightincreases,hydropowerhasfallenbacktothe1980figure.
Itisexpectedtomaintainthisleveluntil2030,whiletheothersshouldriseslightlyafter2025.
BARCHART
Thebarchartsillustratehowdevelopinganddevelopedcountriesparticipatedineducationandscienceintheyearsof1980and1990.
Intermsofyearsofschooling,bothdevelopingcountriesandindustrializedcountriesexperiencedstableincrease,withtheformerincreasingfrom2.5yearsofschoolingin1980to3.5yearsin1990,andthelattergrowingfrom8.5yearsin1980to10.5yearsin1990.
Whenitcomestoscientistsandtechniciansper1000people,developingcountries,aswellasindustrializedcountries,showasimilarlyupwardtrend.
Therewereabout10scientistsandtechniciansper1000peoplefordevelopingcountriesin1980whiletherewereapproximately42peopleforindustrializedcountriesinthesameperiod.
Thegapwidenedin1990,with15scientistsandtechniciansper1000peopleinlessdevelopedcountriesbut70indevelopedcountries.
Unlikethe2indicatorsabove-mentioned,spendingonresearchanddevelopmenthasseenautterlydifferentpictureindevelopingcountries.
WhiledevelopedcountrieshavemorethandoubledtheirspendingonResearch&Developmentfrom$150billionto$350billion,developingcountriesdiminishedtheirsfrom$50billionto$25billion.
ThechartshowsthetimespentbyUKresidentsondifferenttypesoftelephonecallsbetween1995and2002.
Tosumup,althoughlocalfixedlinecallswerestillthemostpopularin2002,thegapbetweenthethreecategorieshadnarrowedconsiderablyoverthesecondhalfoftheperiodinquestion.
Localfixedlinecallswerethehighestthroughouttheperiod,risingfrom72billionminutesin1995tojustunder90billionin1998.
Afterpeakingat90billionthefollowingyear,thesecallshadfallenbacktothe1995figureby2002.
Nationalandinternationalfixedlinecallsgrewsteadilyfrom38billionto61billionattheendoftheperiodinquestion,thoughthegrowthslowedoverthelasttwoyears.
Therewasadramaticincreaseinmobilecallsfrom2billionto46billionminutes.
Thisrisewasparticularlynoticeablebetween1999and2002,duringwhichtimetheuseofmobilephonestripled.
PIECHART
Itcanbeconcludedfromthepiechartthatchickenisthemostcommonlyboughtmeatwhileothersistheleastcommonlyboughtmeat.
Ascanbeseeninthepiechart,chicken,whichmakesup40%,isthemostpopularamongthetotalmeatsold,thennextisporkwith20%,followedbybeef,constituting18%,andfinallycomelamb,fishandothersat15%,5%and2%respectively.
Itshouldbenotedthatthesaleofporkishalfasmuchasthatofchicken.
Anditisalsointerestingtonotethatthesaleofchickenis20timesasmuchasthatofothers.
ThechartsshowhowmuchaUKschoolspentondifferentrunningcostsinthreeseparateyears:
1981,1991and2001.
Overall,teachers’salariesconstitutesthelargestcosttotheschool,andwhilespendingincreaseddramaticallyforequipmentandinsurance,therewerecorrespondingdropsonexpenditureonthingssuchasbooksandonotherworkers’salaries.
Inallthreeyears,thegreatestexpenditurewasonstaffsalaries.
Butwhileotherworkers’salariessawafallfrom28%in1981toonly15%ofspendingin2001,teachers’payremainedthebiggestcost,reaching50%oftotalspendingin1991andendingat45%in2001.
Expenditureonresourcessuchasbookshadincreasedto20%by1991beforedecreasingtoonly9%bytheendoftheperiod.
Incontrast,thecostoffurnitureandequipmentsawanoppositetrend.
Thiscostdecreasedtoonly5%oftotalexpenditurein1991butrosedramaticallyin2001whenitrepresented23%oftheschoolbudget.Similarly,thecostofinsurancesawarisingtrend,growingfromonly2%to8%by2001.
ThechartscomparethesourceofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyears1980and2000.
Overall,itisclearthatby2000thesetwocountriesreliedondifferentprincipalfuelsources:
AustraliareliedoncoalandFranceonnuclearpower.
Betweentheseyearselectricityproductionalmostdoubled,risingfrom100unitsto170inAustralia,andfrom90to180unitsinFrance.
In1980Australiausedcoalasthemainelectricitysource(50units)andtheremainderwasproducedfromnaturalgas,hydropower(eachproducing20units)andoil(whichproducedonly10units).By2000,coalhadbecomethefuelformorethan75%ofelectricityproducedandonlyhydrocontinuedtobeanothersignificantsourcesupplyingapproximately20%.
Incontrast,Franceusedcoalasasourceforonly25unitsofelectricityin1980,whichwasmatchedbynaturalgas.
Theremaining40unitswereproducedlargelyfromoilandnuclearpower,withhydrocontributingonly5units.
Butby2000nuclearpower,whichwasnotusedatallinAustralia,haddevelopedintothemainsource,producingalmost75%ofelectricity,at126units,whilecoalandtogetherproducedonly50units.
Othersourcewerenolongersignificant.
Thetableshowspercentagesofconsumerexpenditureforthreecategoriesofproductsandservicesinfivecountriesin2002.
Itisclearthatthelargestproportionofconsumerspendingineachcountrywentonfood,drinksandtobacco.
Ontheotherhand,theleisure/educationcategoryhasthelowestpercentagesinthetable.
Outofthefivecountries,consumerspendingonfood,drinksandtobaccowasnoticeablyhigherinTurkey,at32.14%,andIreland,atnearly29%.
TheproportionofspendingonleisureandeducationwasalsohighestinTurkey,at4.35%,whileexpenditureonclothingandfootwearwassignificantlyhigherinItaly,at9%,thaninanyoftheothercountries.
ItcanbeseenthatSwedenhadthelowestpercentagesofnationalconsumerexpenditureforfood/drinks/tobaccoandforclothing/footwear,atnearly16%andjustover5%respectively.
Spainhadslightlyhigherfiguresforthesecategories,butthelowestfigureforleisure/education,atonly1.98%.
ThefigureillustratestheprocessusedbytheAustralianBureauofMeteorologytoforecasttheweather.
Therearefourstagesintheprocess,beginningwiththecollectionofinformationabouttheweather.
Thisinformationisthenanalyzed,preparedforpresentation,andfinallybroadcasttothepublic.
Lookingatthefirstandsecondstagesoftheprocess,therearethreewaysofcollectingweatherdataandthreewaysofanalyzingit.
Firstly,incominginformationcanbereceivedbysatelliteandpresentedforanalysisasasatellitephoto.
Thesamedatacanals
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