剑桥商务英语资料大全.docx
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剑桥商务英语资料大全.docx
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剑桥商务英语资料大全
剑桥商务英语资料大全
美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按:
美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用,因此,报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式,比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文等。
研究生presentation及seminar的机会更是占很大的比重,有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。
如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩,是提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。
美国大学生於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯,在启发式的教育环境下,写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生,虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强,但是表达能力於自小培养,加上英语能力的优势,常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。
反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练,因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦,其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难,只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。
通常论文篇首(Preliminaries),(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成;而这三大部分各自内容如下:
(一)篇首:
封面(Title)序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary) 目录(TablesandAppendixes)
(二):
引言(Introduction) 主体,含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section)、以及注释(Footnotes) (三)参考资料:
参考书目(ReferencesorBibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。
进行论文或报告写作之前,先要确定想要表达的主题,主题确定后,将其具体表达,即为题目。
题目可以提供研究者:
一.研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究,建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。
构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal的先前步骤,大纲是论文、报告的骨干,Proposal是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。
如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。
好的论文或研究报告,要基于在完整、详实的资料上,而参考资料除了和教授商借之外,最主要的来源就是图书馆了,一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志,及会议性质的资料。
-1- 此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料,在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。
当一切准备就绪,即可开始着手写报告,一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告,及小报告如Seminar式的报告。
就算是小报告,也至少应含
(一)TITLEPAGES:
包含主题名称、作者、日期
(二)Summary:
即主要的结论 (三)Introduction:
包括理论背景及内容 (四)TechnicalSections:
是论文的主体,为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。
(五)Conclusions:
即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes:
复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字,两行式,行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。
写报告通常需要用到电脑,如有计算数字统计图表的需求,也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS,统计分析软体如SAS,也是不可或缺的,电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具,文书处理更是最基本的要求,因此WordforWindow、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。
此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改,如能请老美帮忙会比较好。
论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation),用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战,通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟,若是论文囗试则至少一小时。
投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助,正式讲演前多预习几次,时间宜控制适中,上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念,需留意听众的反应,切中主题,避免太多数字的导引。
BEC中级口试全真试题PartI PhaseI I:
Goodmorning/afternoon.I’m…andthisismycolleague….S/he’sjustgoingtolistentous.CouldIhaveyourmarksheets,please?
(ToA)What’syourname?
Whereareyoufrom?
A:
回答I:
Thankyou.(ToB)Andyou?
B:
回答 I:
Thanks.Doyouworkorareyouastudent,B?
B:
回答I:
(Whatdoyoudo?
Whatdoyoustudy?
)B:
回答 I:
Whataboutyou,A?
(Whatdoyoudo?
Whatdoyoustudy?
)A:
回答I:
Whatdoyoulikemostaboutyourjob/studies,A?
A:
回答I:
(Why?
)A:
回答 I:
Whataboutyou,B?
B:
回答PhaseII1 I:
A,whichspecificskillswillyouneedmostinyourcareer?
(Why?
)A:
回答I:
Howaboutyou,B?
(Why?
)B:
回答 I:
B,whatqualitiesdoesagoodemployeeneedtohave?
(Why?
)B:
回答I:
Whatdoyouthink,A?
A:
回答 I:
A,towhatextentisitpossibletotrainpeopleininterpersonalskills?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 -2- I:
B,whichspecialqualitiesdoyouthinkmanagersneedtohave?
(Why?
)B:
回答2. I:
Doyoufindtheinternetusefulforyourwork/studies,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答I:
Howaboutyou,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Doyouthinktheinternetwillbecomemorewidelyusedbycompaniesinthefuture,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Whatdoyouthink,A?
A:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkthattheinternetisaneffectivechannelformarketingacompany’s products,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkotherformsofadvertisingwillcontinuetobemoreimportantthanthe internet,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答3. I:
Howambitiousareyouforyourcareer,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答I:
Howaboutyou,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkyouareorwouldbeagoodmanager,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答I:
A,whatdoyouthink?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Wouldyouratherbeamanagerinasmallcompanyoralargecorporation,A?
(Why)A:
回答I:
Wouldyouliketobetheheadofyourownbusiness,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答4.
I:
Howdoyoufeelaboutbeingawayfromhomeonbusiness,A?
(Why)A:
回答I:
Whataboutyou,B?
(Why?
)B:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkallhotelsshouldprovidespecialfacilitiesforbusinesspeople,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Howaboutyou,A?
Whatdoyouthink?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkitisanadvantagetostayinalargeinternationalhotelratherthana smallhotelwhenonbusiness,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Doyouprefertostayinahotelonyourownorwithcolleagues,B?
(Why?
)B:
回答5. I:
Howimportantisittoyoutohaveflexibleworkinghours,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答I:
Whataboutyou,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkthatcompaniesshouldcontrolthenumberofextrahoursstaffwork,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Howaboutyou,A?
Whatdoyouthink?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Doyouworkmoreeffectivelyatcertaintimesoftheday,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答I:
Doyouworkfasterwhenyouhavetomeetadeadline,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)6. I:
Areyouinfluencedbycompanylogoswhenyouchooseservicesorproducts,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 I:
Whataboutyou,B?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 I:
Whatkindsofpopulareventsorpersonalitiesdoyouthinkcompaniesshouldbeinvolved insponsoring,B?
(Why?
)B:
回答 I:
Whatareyou,A?
Whatdoyouthink?
(Why?
)A:
回答 I:
Doyouthinkthatsponsoringsportseventsorpersonalitiesisthemosteffectiveform ofadvertising,A?
(Why/Whynot?
)A:
回答 -3- I:
B,doyouthinkcompanieswillmakemoreuseofsponsorshipinthefutureasawayof advertising?
(Why/Whynot?
)B:
回答 BEC中级口试全真试题PartⅡ isimportantwhenplanningapresentation?
Findingoutabouttheaudience Researchingthetopicisimportantwhenaimingtoimprovecustomerservice?
StaffTraining CustomerSatisfactionSurveysisimportantwhenmanagingaproject?
EncouragingTeamwork Keepingtoschedule isimportantwhenmotivatingstaff?
Financialbenefits CareerdevelopmentOpportunitiesisimportantwhendealingwithcompetition?
Pricingpolicies Advertisingstrategies isimportantwhenplanninghealthandsafetytraining?
Selectingtopics Selectingstafftoattend 7:
Whatisimportantwhenchoosingnewofficeequipment?
Pricesanddiscounts Brandnames isimportantwhenentertainingforeignbusinessclients?
Venueforentertainment CulturalDifferencesisimportantwhenaimingtoreachnewmarkets?
Marketresearch Advertising isimportantwhenchoosingamanagementtrainingcoursetoattend?
ProgramContents Lengthofcourse isimportantwhenrelocatingabusiness?
Localworkforceavailable Locationofsiteisimportantwhenadvertisinganewproduct?
Targetmarkets Choiceofmedia isimportantwhenstartinganewjob?
Knowledgeofcompanyprocedures Helpfromcompanystaff isimportantwhenselectingstaffformarketingtripsabroad?
Positioninthecompany Previousexperienceofothercountries -4- isimportantwhenaimingtoreduceproductioncosts?
Efficiencyofproductionline Costofrawmaterialsisimportantwhenchoosingpeopletoworkinteams?
Varietyofexperience Personalqualities isimportantwhendealingwithaheavyworkload?
Timemanagement Sharingtasks isimportantwhendevelopingnewproducts?
Marketresearch Pricing isimportantwhenbeinginterviewedforajob?
Informationaboutthecompany Personalappearanceisimportantwhenexhibitingatatradefair?
Qualityofdisplay Staffselected isimportantwhenintroducingarewardsystemforstaff?
Purposeoftherewardsystem Typesofrewardofferedisimportantwhenentertainingclients?
Typesofactivities Cost isimportantwhenchoosingretailpremisestorent?
Location Lengthofcontract isimportantwhendecidingonpackagingforproducts?
Image Productionprocess isimportantwhenselectingstaffforpromotion?
Attitudetowork Currentperformance isimportantwhenconsideringacareerchange?
Futurestudyortraining Opportunitiesforfuturepromotionisimportantwhenplanninganadvertisingcampaign?
Marketresearch Selectingappropriatemedia isimportantwhenchoosingtransportforabusinesstrip?
Convenience Cost-effectiveness isimportantwhenaimingforpromotion?
Qualityofperformance Companyloyalty isimportantwhenexportinggoodsorservicesforthefirsttime?
PersonalContacts Professionaladvice -5- isimportantwhendealingwithcomplaintsfromclients?
Offeringanapology Suggestingasolutiontotheproblemisimportantwhensettingpricesfornewproducts?
Productioncosts Competitors’prices
isimportantwhenaimingtoreducestaffturnover?
Financialincentives Careerstructure 33.Whatisimportantwhenplanningthelayoutofanewstore?
Attractiveness Securityofgoods isimportantwhenchoosinganewsalesagent?
Experienceofagent Numberofcontacts 35Whatisimportantwhenmonitoringthequalityofserviceprovided?
Feedbackfromcustomers Checkingsalesfigures 36:
Whatisimportantwhen…?
selectingapplicantsforajob workexperience personalqualities37:
Whatisimportantwhen…?
choosinganewsupplier priceanddiscounts reputation 38:
Whatisimportantwhen…?
aimingtoimproveproductionquality up-to-dateequipment stafftraining 39:
whatisimportantwhen…?
preparingforajobinterviewstudyingthejobadvertisementfindingoutaboutthecompany40:
whatisimportantwhen…?
decidingwhethertoattendaconference venue speakers41:
Whatisimportantwhen…?
developingnewproducts marketresearch costsinvolved BEC中级口试全真试题PartIII 1.ProgramforNewStaff Themanufacturingcompanyyouworkforwouldliketointroduceafullprogrammeoftrainingfornewstaff.Youhavebeenaskedtohelppreparetheprogramme.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:
---whatshouldbecoveredbythetrainingprogramme -6- ---howelsenewstaffcanbehelpedtosettleintotheirjobsasquicklyaspossible2CompanyDressCode YourManagingDirectorisunhappywiththegeneralstandardofdressamongstaff. Youhavebeenaskedtomakerecommendationsaboutintroducingadresscodeorcompany uniform. Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:
---whattheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingacompanyuniformwouldbe---whatkindofdresscodewouldbeappropriatef
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