化学工程与工艺专业英语.docx
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化学工程与工艺专业英语.docx
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化学工程与工艺专业英语
Commoditychemicals日用化学品specialtychemicals专用化学品
finechemicals精细化学品rawmaterial原料sodiumchloride氯化钠
unitoperation单元操作flowsheet工艺流程图chemicalprocesses化学工艺sizereduction粉碎RD研究开发nanotechnology纳米技术microreaction微量反应endofpipetreatment末端处理macromolecule大分子bioengineering生物工程pharmaceuticals制药labonachip芯片实验室chloralkali氯碱
endproduct终端品sulfurDioxide二氧化硫sodiumcarbonate碳酸钠
sodaash苏达灰diammoniumhydrogenphosphate磷酸氢二铵dyestuff染料silicontetrafluoride四氧化硅petroleumrefining石油炼制coalgasification煤气化alkylation烷基化solventextraction溶剂萃取catalytichydrocracking催化加氢裂解butylene丁烯BTX苯甲苯二甲苯modernrefinery现代炼油厂Feedstock原料hydrocarbon碳氢paraffin石蜡fusedbenzenering酬和苯环carboxylicacidester羧酸脂catalystdeacitivation催化剂失活acetylene乙炔pyridine吡啶naturalgas天然气Liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)液化石油气straightrungasoline直馏汽油coexistingzone共存区dumpedpacking乱堆填料orderedpacking规整填料rectifhingsection经六段strippingsectiong提馏段flashdrunt闪蒸段equilibriumstage平衡级batchdistillation间歇精馏aceticacid醋酸dimethylformamide二甲基甲酰胺mixersettler混合沉降器sieveplate筛板waterimmiscible水不溶mechanicalagitation机械搅拌molecularsieves分子筛ionexchange离子交换activetedcarbon活性炭singleeffectevaporator单板蒸发器multipleeffectevaporaion多效蒸发器forcecirculation强制循环condenser冷凝器reboiler再沸器conserveenergy能量守恒Refluxpump回流泵reversibleprocess可逆过程dynamicequilibrium动力学平衡entropy熵Inbulk大剂量
汉翻英
氢氧化钠Sodiumhydroxide硫酸Sulfuricacid有机合成Organicsynthesis表面活性剂surfactant离子交换Ionexchange热传递Heattransfer工艺流程图Processflowdiagram副产物by-products盐酸Hydrochloricacid无机化学品Inorganicchemicals硝酸Nitricacid氢氧化钙Calciumhydroxide磷酸phosphate硅胶Silicagel煤气厂gasworks水处理Watertreatment石油化学品Petroleumchemical原油Crudeoil精馏distillation沸点Boilingpoint催化重整Catalyticreforming异构化isomerization生物柴油biodiesel燃油fuel环烷烃cycloparaffin甲烷methane丙烷propane乙烯ethylene树脂Resin五元环Fivememberring苯benzene杂原子化合物Heteroatomcompound相态Phasestate气相gasphase液相liquidphase相对挥发度Relativevolatility流速flowrate冷凝器condenser多组分混合物Multicomponentmixture回流比refluxratio萃取器extractor结晶crystallization吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption溶质solute溶解性solubility沉淀precipitation
1.Wedefineindustrialchemistryasthebranchofchemistrywhichappliesphysicalchemicalprocedurestowardsthetransformationofnaturalrawmaterialsandtheirderivativestoproductsthatareofbenefittohumanity.我们定义的工业化学是化学的一个分支,应用物理化学程序对改造天然原材料及其衍生物产品,造福人类。
2.Thechemicalindustrycanalsobeclassifiedaccordingtothetypeofmainmaterialsusedand/ortypeofprincipalproductsmade.化工行业也可以根据所使用的主要材料的类型和/或所作的主要产品类型进行分类。
3.Everyindustrialprocessisdesignedtoproduceadesiredproductfromvarietyofstartingrawmaterialsusingenergythroughasuccessionoftreatmentstepsintegratedrationalfashion.每一个工业过程设计目的是为了产生所需的产品从各种各样的起始原料使用能源通过一系列加工步骤集和成合理的方式。
(每一个工业过程设计目的是使用能源通过一系列合理的加工步骤,把各种各样的起始原料产生成所需的产品),
4,Achemicalprocessisthereforeanysingleprocessingunitoracombinationprocessingunitsusedfortheconversionofrawmaterialsthroughasuccessionoftreatmentstepsintegratedrationalfashion.一个化学过程因此是任何单个加工装置或多个加工装置的组合,这些处理单元用于把原料通过各种化学和物理变化转化成产品。
5,Aflowdiagramisaroadmapoftheprocess,whichgivesagreatdealofinformationinasmallspace.一个工艺流程图是一个过程的路线图,它在一个小空间提供了大量的信息。
1.itisthejobofthechemicalengineertodevelopandoptimizechemicalandphysicalprocessesinthetransformationofrawmaterialstoproducts,theefficiencyandeffectivenessofchemicalprocesseswillremaintheheartofthechemicalengineeringprofession.
化学工程师的工作是开发和优化原料转化为产品过程中发生的化学和物理变化,化学流程的效率和效益将是化学工程专业的核心。
2,to assure product quality and process safety,modern instrumentationand automation technology including multimedia interfaces,artificialintelligence and virtual reality will be increasingly adopted,
为了确保产品质量和生产过程的安全,现代仪器仪表和自动化技术,包括多媒体接口,人工智能,虚拟现实将越来越多地被采用。
3,managingaplant,andrunningabusinessingeneralandachemicalbusinessinparticular,willinthefuturebequitedifferent,duetotheadventofelectroniccommerceandglobalsupplychaintechnologies。
由于电子商务和全球供应链技术的出现,管理一个工厂或者运行一个业务尤其是化工业务在未来将有很大的不同。
It is also noteworthy that only with globalization can a company fully utilize its advantage in technology , and in natural and human resources around the world。
值得注意的是,只有全球化的公司,才可以充分利用其在技术上的优势以及世界各地的自然和人力资源。
5,within the filed of chemical engineering , there is a constant pressure to strike a balance between specialization and generalization , between analysis and synthesis , and between chemical engineeringscience and process system engineering .在化学工程领域,要在专业化和普遍化之间,分解和合成之间,化学工程科学和工艺系统工程之间达到一种平衡,是一个永恒的难题。
6,A new education program will have to bolster the communication skills,professional culture and leadershipqualitiesoffuturechemicalengineersinthiseraofglobalization.在这个全球化的时代,一项新的教育计划将会加强未来化学工程师的沟通技巧,专业文化以及领导素质。
1,industrialinorganicchemistryincludessubdivisionsofthechemicalindustrythatmanufacturinginorganicproductsonalargescalesuchastheheavyinorganics(chlor-alkalis,sulfuricacid,sulfates)andfertilizer(potassium,nitrogen,andphosphorusproducts)aswellassegmentsoffinechemicalsthatareusedtoproducehighpurityinorganicsonamuchsmallerscale.工业无机化学包括大规模制造无机产品的化工行业的分支,如常见的无机物(氯碱碱,硫酸,硫酸盐),化肥(钾,氮,磷产品),以及部分较小规模地用于生产高纯度无机物的精细化学品。
2 the closer to the raw material , the large the scale of operation , such”heavy”inorganic chemical are usually manufactured by continues processes . 大规模的生产更接近于原料的无机化学品通常采用连续制造工艺。
3 the Solvay process had enormous advantages over the Leblanc process .it did not generate as much waste and pollution ; its raw material , brine and ammonia , were readily available (the latter from gasworks ) ; less fuel was used , and no sulfur or nitrate was involved .
Solvay(索尔维过程)过程相比于Leblanc(勒布朗过程)过程有着巨大的优势,它的浪费和污染小,原料,盐水、氨都很容易得到(后者来源于煤气厂),燃料消耗少,且不含硫酸盐和硝酸盐。
4 thelarge-scaleconsumptionofpetroleumandnaturalgashaschangedthisscenariosincesulfuroccursasanimpurityinmostfossilfuelsandmustberemovedbeforethefuelsareprocessed.化石燃料中含有硫杂质,在加工前必须先除去,而石油和天然气的大规模消耗则改变了这种状况。
5,sincethereactionofsulfurwithdryairisexothermic,thesulfurdioxidemustbecooledtoremoveexcessheatandavoidreversalofthereaction.由于硫与干空气的反应是放热反应,二氧化硫必须被冷却以除去过量的热,从而避免可逆反应的发生。
6 as both sodium hydroxide and chlorine have a common raw material , sodium chlorine , they are producted in quantity that reflect their equal molar ratio , irrespective of the market foreither product .
由于氢氧化钠和氯气有一个共同的原材料氯化钠,所以用等摩尔比来大量的生产它们,不去考虑市场需求。
1 petroleum refineries are marvels of modern engineering . within them a maze of pipes ,distillation columns , and chemical reactors turn crude oil into valuable products .
石油炼油厂是现代工程的奇迹,在其中,错综复杂的管线,精馏塔,化学反应器,便可将原油转化为有价值的产品。
2 oil contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons . the first step in obtaining something of value from this muck is to de-salt and de-water it . then the oil is heated and sent into a huge distillation column operating at atmospheric pressure . heat is added at the reboiler ,and removed at the condenser , thereby separating the oil into fractions based upon boiling point .
石油中含有一种复杂的烃类混合物。
从该物质中获得有价值的东西首先要除去盐和水。
然后油被加热并送入一个大型蒸馏塔在大气压下运行。
先经再沸器中加热,后经冷凝器冷却,从而根据沸点分离成各种馏分的油。
1 crudeoilscontainsulphurheteroatomsintheformofelementalsulphurS,dissolvedhydrogensulphideH2S,carbonylsulphideCOS,inorganicformsandmostimportantlyorganicforms,inwhichsulphuratomsarepositionedwithintheorganichydrocarbonmolecules.
在原油中,硫杂原子的存在形式有,单质硫、溶解硫化氢、硫化碳、无机形式,以及很重要的有机形式,在有机烃分子中有硫原子存在。
2 alcoholshavethegeneralformulaR-OHandarestructurallysimilartowaterbutwithoneofthehydrogenatomsreplacedbyanallylgroup.inphenols,oneofthehydrogenatomsinthearomaticringisreplacedbyahydroxylgroup(-OH).ethershavetwoorganicgroupsconnectedtoasingleoxygenatom(R-O-R).醇的通式为R-OH,在结构上是类似的水,水的一个氢原子被一个烯丙基取代。
酚类,芳环上的一个氢原子被一个羟基(-OH)取代。
醚是两个有机基团连接到一个氧原子上(R-O-R)。
3 crude oils contain very low amounts of nitrogen compounds . in general , the more asphaltic the oil , the higher its nitrogen content . nitrogen compounds are more stable than sulphur compounds and therefore are harder to remove . even thoughthey are present at very lowconcentrations,nitrogen compounds have great significance in refinery operations . they can be responsible for the poisoning of a cracking catalyst . and they also contribute to gum formation in finished products .
原油中含有极少量的氮化物。
在一般情况下,沥青油的量越多,氮的含量就越高。
氮化物比硫化物更加稳定,因此更难去除。
即使氮化物的浓度很低,但它在炼油业也有着很大的意义。
氮化物会导致裂化催化剂中毒,还会致使成品中形成胶质。
4, Evenminuteamountsofmetals(iron,nickelandvanadium)inthefeedstocktothecatalyticcrackeraffecttheactivityofthecatalystandresultinincreasedgasandcokeformationandreducedgasolineyields.
催化裂解装置中的原料含有微量的金属(铁,镍和钒),会影响催化剂的活性,导致气体量增加,焦炭的形成以及汽油产量的减少。
5,thepetroleumindustry,likeotherchemicalindustries,hasaplethoraoftermsdesignedtoscareoffanyonewhowantstounderstandexactlywhatisgoingon.像其他化工行业一样,石油化工行业也有大量的专业术语,这些术语会使那些想要了解石油行业究竟是什么样的人望而却步。
1,Separation operations achieve their objective by the creation of
Twoor more coexisting zone which differ in temperature,pressure,composition,and/or phase state 通过创作两个或多个不同温度、压力、组成、相状态的共存区来实现分离操作的目标
2.because of difference in gravity between vapor and liquid phase ,liquid runs down the column ,cascading from tray to tray ,while vapor flows up the column ,contacting liquid at each tray.
由于气液相的重力不同,液体经塔板逐级向下流动,气体经塔板逐级向上流动,气液相在每一块塔板上接触。
3,This difficulty is circumvented by the equilibrium-stage model,
Inwhich vapor and liquidsteamsleavinganequilibriumstageareincompleteequilibriumwitheachotherandthermodynamicrelationscanbeusedtodeterminethetemperatureofandrelatetheconcentrationsintheequilibriumstreamsatagivenpressure这个难题可以用平衡模型来绕开,离开平衡级模型的蒸汽流和液体流达到汽液相平衡,在一个给定的压力下,热力学关系式可以用来确定温度和浓度的关系。
4.batch distillation ,which is the process of separati
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