专转本英语 南师专转本大学英语暑假复习参考资料2.docx
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专转本英语 南师专转本大学英语暑假复习参考资料2.docx
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专转本英语南师专转本大学英语暑假复习参考资料2
09南师专转本大学英语暑假复习参考资料2
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PassageOne
Arectalstudy,publishedinlastweek'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver,Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone,Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.
Theauthoritiesalsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.
RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith"reallystupidbehavior"thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience."Thebasicissue."Robertsays,"isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis."
Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使……缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofpassagerestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.
Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies,Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice(新手)driverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.
1.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?
A)Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.
B)Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.
C)Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.
D)Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.
2.AccordingtoRobertFoss.Thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto________
A)theirfrequentdrivingatnightC)theirlackofdrivingexperience
B)theirimproperwayofdrivingD)theirdrivingwithpassengers
3.AccordingtoParagraph3.whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A)Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.
B)Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.
C)Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.
D)Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.
4.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat________.
A)drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearule
B)theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengers
C)theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.
D)thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved
5.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem________.
A)isunderdiscussionC)hasbeenputintoeffect
B)isabouttobesetupD)hasbeenperfected
PassageTwo
Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompaniesthegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.
That'sespeciallytrueofbooingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell'sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor'sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.
Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.
Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion(销蚀)ofcorporate(公司的)faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState'sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,Althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement."Theywantsomeonewhoisn'tconstrained(限制)bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.
Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:
writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems,DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree,"Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,"saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior-plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize,"Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,"saysScheetz.
6.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?
A)Studentswithabachelor'sdegreeinhumanities.
B)PeoplewithanMBAdegreefronttopuniversities.
C)Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.
D)Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering
7.Bysaying"…buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears"(Line3,Para,3),theauthormeans________.
A)mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundation
B)anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositions
C)MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears'timeastheyarenow
D)infivepeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot
8.AccordingtoScheetz'sstatement(Lines4-5.Para.4),companiesprefer________.
A)peoplewhohaveastrategicmind
B)peoplewhoaretalentedinfinearts
C)peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressive
D)peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics
9.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause________.
A)theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituations
B)theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsolvingproblems
C)theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfields
D)theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement
10.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?
A)Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.
B)Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.
C)On-the-jobtrainingis,inthelongrun,lesscostly.
D)Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.
PassageThree
AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn'thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:
"So,howhaveyoubeen?
"Andtheboy-whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold-replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.''
Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn'tfindoutwewere"depressed"untilwewereinhighschool.
Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon'tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.
Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?
Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialrotetoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:
traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.
Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelation(揭示)machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately(不加区分地),toallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.
Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.
11.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.
A)asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild
B)somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild
C)aninevitablehasofchildren'smentaldevelopment
D)amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren
12.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld________.
A)throughcontactwithsocietyC)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct
B)graduallyandunderguidanceD)throughexposuretosocialinformation
13.Thephenomenonthattoday'schildrenseemadultlikeisattrib
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