英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析
(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧(超强)及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Wewantourchildrentosucceed,inschooland,perhapsevenmoreimportantly,inlife.Buttheparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.Considerthefindingthatworld-classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow-levelfigureskaters.Atfirstsightthisseemscontradictory.Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost?
Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple.Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice,attemptingjumpsthatstretchtheirlimitations.Thisiswhytheyfalloversooften,butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast.Lower-levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach.Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydoveryeasily,remainingwithintheircomfortzone.Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover.Inasuperficialsense,theylooksuccessful,becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet.Thetruth,however,isthatbyneverfailing,theyneverprogress.
Whatistrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife.JamesDysonworkedthrough5,126failedprototypes(原型)forhisdualcyclonevacuumbeforecoiningupwiththedesignthatmadehisfortune.Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning.AsDysonputit:
“Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”
Inhealthcare,however,thingsareverydifferent.Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure,partlybecausetheyhavehealthyegos(自我)(particularlytheseniordoctors)andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation(诉讼).Theconsequenceisthatinsteadoflearningfromfailure,healthcareoftencoversupfailure.Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakesarerepeated.AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety,400,000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror.Untilhealthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure,thingswillnotimprove.
Butletusreturntochildren.Oneofthemajormistakesineducationinthe1970swastheattempttoequipchildrenwithconfidencebygivingthemlotsofsuccesses(settingthebarverylow).Theconsequencewasthattheegoofkidsbecameboundupwithsuccess,andtheybecameunabletotakerisksandcollapsedassoonastheyhitaproperchallenge.
Weneedtoflip(翻转)thisapproach.Inacomplexworld,failureisinevitable.Itisthoseindividualsandinstitutionsthathavetheflexibilitytofaceuptofailure,learnthelessonsandadaptwhicheventuallyexcel(突出).
(1)Thequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisto________.
A. openupadiscussiononthetopic B. analyzethereasonforsuccess
C. expresstheauthor'sopposition D. doubttheabilitiesofthetopskaters
(2)Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
(3)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Howwecanavoidfailureinlife
B. Whatweshouldlearnfromfailure
C. Whyfailureisthekeytoflyinghigh
D. Wherewefurtherimproveourselves
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Buttheparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.”可知,文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功,首先就要学会失败。
后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点,最后一句提出问题:
为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢?
下文对这个问题做了回答,进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。
很明显,这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。
故选A。
(2)考查文章结构。
第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。
第三段JamesDyson为正面例子证明:
成功是建立失败的基础上的。
而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明:
不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。
最后一段再次强调中心论点。
故选A。
(3)考查主旨大意。
文章第一段即提出中心论点:
theparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail,中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。
最后一段又重新强调了该论点。
很明显,文章的中心意思就是:
失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens,andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.
Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.
Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick,inventivebrainandplentyofexperience,butifoneusesthesefoolishly,oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwayscomewithage——thereareplentyoffoolishmiddle-agedpeopleabout——buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder,usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.
(1)Accordingtothewriter,thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin________.
A.yearsofhardwork
B.sharpnessofthebrain
C.richexperience
D.hisdeepunderstandingofthenature
(2)Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause .
A.theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperience
B.theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalents
C.theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailures
D.theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork
(3)Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat .
A.ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakes
B.itcontributestoone'screativity
C.itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficulty
D.itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts
(4)Thewritercametobelievethat .
A.itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefuture
B.itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossible
C.oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforward
D.onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类的大脑在20岁左右于巅峰,在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。
除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外,智慧也非常重要,因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。
人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段“Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,...andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.”人们发现,16岁以后,我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。
在某些类型的活动中,人类的大脑在20岁早期处于巅峰状态,...我们知道阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦在20到25岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。
用余生来整理和安排这些发现。
根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知,他的伟大的发现是在20-25岁之间,更是印证了人类大脑在20年代初达到了巅峰,可推断出,本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期,故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段“Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种),经验比头脑的敏捷更重要,人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。
可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom....Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外,还有一件事是非常重要的,那就是智慧。
学习成为智者,要基本的了解什么是不可能的;学习有可能但又很困难的东西,以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。
最重要的是了解人性,了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的,以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。
由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做,什么不能做,即为人提供正确的努力方向。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,”成为智者,要大体上知道什么是不可能的。
学习有可能但又如此困难的东西,以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。
最重要的是学习人性,了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的,以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。
人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.......由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
WhenAndrewKaplanrecalls,hisstoriesleavetheimpressionthathehasmanagedtopackmultiplelivesintoasingleexistence:
Awarreporterinhis20s.anarmymember,asuccessfulbusinessmanand-later.theauthorofnumerousspynovelsandHollywoodscripts.
Nowthesilverhaired78-yearoldhasrealizedhewouldlikehislovedonestohaveaccesstothosestories,evenwhenheisnolongeralivetosharethem.Kaplanhasagreedtobecome"AndyBot"---avirtualpersonwhowillbe:
immortalized(TF5)inthecloudforhundreds,perhapsthousandsofyears
Ifallgoesaccordingtoplanfuturegenerationswillbeabletointeractwithhimu
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