王长喜六级考前热身试题.docx
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王长喜六级考前热身试题.docx
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王长喜六级考前热身试题
大学英语六级考试考前热身试题一
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAHarmoniousSocietyinMyMind.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.中国现在提倡建立和谐型社会
2.我心中的和谐社会
3.为了达到这样的目标我们应该如何做
AHarmoniousSocietyinMyMind
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Who’sAfraidofGoogle?
RarelyifeverhasacompanyrisensofastinsomanywaysasGoogle,theworld’smostpopularsearchengine.Thisistruebyjustaboutanymeasure:
thegrowthinitsmarketvalueandrevenues:
thenumberofpeopleclickinginsearchofnews,thenearestpizzaparlororasatelliteimageoftheirneighbor’sgarden;thevolumeofitsadvertisers;orthenumberofitslawyersandlobbyists.
Suchanascentisenoughtoevokeconcerns--bothparanoid(偏执的)andjustified.ThelistofconstituenciesthathateorfearGooglegrowsbytheweek.Televisionnetworks,bookpublishersandnewspaperownersfeelthatGooglehasgrownbyusingtheircontentwithoutpayingforit.TelecomsfirmssuchasAmerica’sAT&TandVerizonareannoyedthatGoogleprospers,intheireyes,byfree-ridingonthebandwidththattheyprovide;anditisabouttobidagainsttheminaforthcomingauctionforradiospectrum.ManysmallfirmshateGooglebecausetheyreliedonexploitingitssearchformulastowinprimepositionsinitsrankings,butdroppedtotheInternet’sequivalentofHadesafterGooglemodifiedthesealgorithms(运算法则).
Andnowcomethepoliticians.LibertariansdislikeGoogle’sdealwithChina’scensors.Conservativesmoanaboutitsuncensoredvideos.Butthebignewfearistodowiththeprivacyofitsusers.Google’sbusinessmodelassumesthatpeoplewillentrustitwithevermoreinformationabouttheirlives,tobestoredinthecompany’s“cloud"ofremotecomputers.Someusersnowkeeptheirphotos,blogs,videos,calendars,e-mail,newsfeeds,maps,contacts,socialnetworks,documents,spreadsheets(电子数据表),presentations,andcredit-cardinformation—inshort,muchoftheirlives—onGoogle’scomputers.
Buttheprivacyproblemismuchsubtlerthanthat.AsGooglecompilesmoreinformationaboutindividuals,itfacesnumeroustrade-offs.Atoneextremeitcoulduseaperson’ssearchhistoryandadvertisingresponsesincombinationwith,say,hislocationandtheitineraryinhiscalendar,toserveincreasinglyusefulandwelcomesearchresultsandads.ThiswouldalsoallowGoogletomakemoneyfromitsmanynewservices.Butitcouldscareusersaway.Asawarning,PrivacyInternational,ahuman-rightsorganizationinLondon.hasberatedGoogle,chargingthatitsattitudetoprivacy“atitsmostblatantishostile,andatitsmostbenignisambivalent”.
AndGooglecouldsoon,ifitwanted,compilefilesonspecificindividuals.Thispresents“perhapsthemostdifficultprivacyissuesinallofhumanhistory,”saysEdwardFelten,aprivacyexpertatPrincetonUniversity.Speakingformany,JohnBattelle,theauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirer,recentlywroteonhisblogthat“I’vefoundmyselfmoreandmorewary”ofGoogle“outofsomeprimal,lizard-brainfearofgivingtoomuchcontrolofmydatatoonesource.”
MoreJPMorganthanBillGates
GoogleisoftencomparedtoMicrosoft;butitsevolutionisactuallyclosertothatofthebankingindustry.Justasfinancialinstitutionsgrewtobecomerepositoriesofpeople’smoney,andthusguardiansofprivateinformationabouttheirfinances,Googleisnowturningintoasupervisorofafarwiderandmoreintimaterangeofinformationaboutindividuals.Yes,thisappliesalsotorivalssuchasYahoo!
andMicrosoft.ButGoogle,throughthesheerspeedwithwhichitaccumulatesthetreasureofinformation,willbetheonetotestthelimitsofwhatsocietycantolerate.
ItdoesnothelpthatGoogleisoftenseenasarrogant.Granted,thiscomplaintoftencomesfromsourgrapesrivals.ButmanyothersareputoffbyGoogle’sassertionofitsownholiness,asifitmeritedunquestioningtrust.Thisafterallisthefirmthatchose“Don’tbeevil”asitscorporatemottoandthatexplicitlyintonesthatitsgoalis“nottomakemoney”,asitsboss,EricSchmidt,putsit,but“tochangetheworld”.Itsownershipstructureissetuptoprotectthatvision.
Ironically,thereissomethingrathercloudlikeaboutthemultiplecomplaintssurroundingGoogle.Theissuesarebestpartedintotwocumuli:
asetof“public”argmnentsabouthowtoregulateGoogle;andasecof“private”onesforGoogle’smanagers,todowiththestrategythefirmneedstogetthroughthecomingstorm.Onbothcounts,Google—contrarytoitsownpropaganda—ismuchbetterjudgedasbeingjustlikeanyother“evil”money-grabbingcompany.
Grabthemoney
Thatisbecause,fromthepublicpointofview,themaincontributionofallcompaniestosocietycomesfrommakingprofits,notgivingthingsaway.Googleisagoodexampleofthis.Its“goodness”stemslessfromallthatguffaboutcorporatealtruismthanfromAdamSmith’sinvisiblehand.Itproridesaservicethatothersfindveryuseful—namelyhelpingpeopletofindinformation(atnocharge)andlettingadvertiserspromotetheirwarestothosepeopleinafinelytargetedway.
Giventhis,theonusofproofiswithGoogle’swould-beprosecutorstoproveitisdoingsomethingwrong.Onantitrust,thepricethatGooglechargesitsadvertisersissetbyauction,soitsmonopolisticcloutislimited;andithasyettouseitsdominanceinonemarkettomuscleintoothersinthewayMicrosoftdid.Thesamepresumptionofinnocencegoesforcopyrightandprivacy.Google’sbook-searchproduct,forinstance,arguablyhelpsratherthanhurtspublishersandauthorsbyrescuingbooksfromobscurityandencouragingreaderstobuycopyrightedworks.And,despiteBigBrotherishtalkaboutknowingwhatchoicespeoplewillbemakingtomorrow,Googlehasnotbetrayedthetrustofitsusersovertheirprivacy.Ifanything,ithasbeenbetterthanitsrivalsinstandinguptopryinggovernmentsinbothAmericaandChina.
Thatsaid,conflictsofinterestwillbecomeinevitable—especiallywithprivacy.Googleineffectcontrolsadialthat,asitsellsevermoreservicestoyou,couldmoveintwodirections.Settooneside,Googlecouldvoluntarilydestroyveryquicklyanyuserdatathatitcollects.Thatwouldassureprivacy,butitwouldlimitGoogle’sprofitsfromsellingtoadvertisersinformationaboutwhatyouaredoing,andmakethoseserviceslessuseful.IfthedialissettotheothersideandGooglehangsontotheinformation,theserviceswillbemoreuseful,butsomedreadfulintrusionsintoprivacycouldoccur.
Theanswer,aswithbanksinthepast,mustliesomewhereinthemiddleinthattherightpointforthedialislikelytochange,ascircumstanceschange.ThatwillbethemainpublicinterestinGoogle.But,asthebankers(andBillGates)canattest,publicscrutinyalsocreatesaprivatechallengeforGoogle’smanagers:
howshouldtheypresenttheircase?
OneobviousstrategyistoallayconcernsoverGoogle’strustworthinessbybecomingmoretransparentandopeningupmoreofitsprocessesandplanstoscrutiny.Butitalsoneedsadeeperchangeofheart.Pretendingthat,justbecauseyourfoundersareniceyoungmenandyougiveawaylotsofservices,societyhasnofighttoquestionyourmotivesnolongerseemssensible.Googleisacapitalisttool--andausefulone.Better,surely,tofacethecomingstormonthatfoundation,thanonastalesloganthatcouldbeyourundoing.
1.AfterGooglemodifiedthealgorithms,manysmallfirmsthatadopteditssearchformulas______.
[A]enteredadesperatefuture[B]transferredadifferentattitudeonGoogle
[C]droppedtothecompetitionofInternet[D]obtainedpredominanceintherankings
2.AccordingtoPrivacyInternationalinLondon,whichwordcandescribeGoogle’sattitudetoprivacyexactly?
[A]Confusing.[B]Adorable.[C]Hypocritical.[D]Indifferent.
3.TheauthorofabookonGoogleandanearlyadmirerJohnBattellethinksthat______.
[A]hebecomesmorewaryduetoGoogle[B]Googlemakesmanyusersuneasy
[C]hepersistsinsupportingGoogle[D]Googlecontrolsonesource
4.TherivalsYahoo!
andMicrosoftarecorrespondingto.
[A]GoogleandMicrosoft[B]Googleandbanks
[C]Microsoftandbanks[D]repositoriesandguardians
5.Google’sassertionofitsownholiness.
[A]bringsaboutsourgrapesrivals’scorn
[B]isabletoreceiveunquestioningtrust
[C]makesmanyfirmsdisgusted
[D]attractsthesupportofmanyfirmsexceptsourgrapesrivals
6.Whatdethetwosetsof“public”and“private”argumentsshow?
[A]Googleisthesameasanyothercompanyaimingatmoney.
[B]Google’spropagandaisdifferentfromanyothercompany.
[C]Googleexcelsanyother“evil”companyingrabbingmoney.
[D]Googleisregardedasanevilcompany.
7.Whatl
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