SKF Bearing Troubleshooting.docx
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SKF Bearing Troubleshooting.docx
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SKFBearingTroubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Bearingsthatarenotoperatingproperlyusuallyexhibitidentifiablesymptoms.Herewillbepresentedsomeusefulhintssothatitcanperhapsbepreventedfromhappeningagain.
Thelistedcausesarethemostcommonforthesymptoms,seesection"Typicalsymptomsindicatingimpendingbearingfailure".
Practicalsolutionsarepresentedwhereverpossible.Dependingonthedegreeofbearingdamage,manymisleadingsymptomsmaybepresent.
Inmostcasesthesesymptomsaretheresultofsecondarydamage.Toeffectivelytroubleshootbearingproblems,itisnecessarytoanalysethesymptomsaccordingtothosefirstobservedintheapplications.
Additionalsolutionsappearinthesection"Bearingfailuresandtheircauses".
Seealso"SKFBearingInspector"atSKF@ptitudeExchange(registrationandloginrequired).
Typicalsymptomsindicatingimpendingbearingfailure
Belowisalistofthesevenmostcommonsymptomsproducedbybearingsthatarenotoperatingproperly.Thelistinsection"Symptomsandtypicalconditions"providesasummarythatidentifies51typicalconditionsforthesymptoms.
Sevensections,oneforeachlistedsymptom,giveinformationaboutprobable"Reasonforcondition"andoffer"Practicalsolution".
Howtousethetroubleshootingcharts
Asanexample,Ainthecolumn"Symptoms"insection"Symptomsandtypicalconditions"representsabearingthatisoverheating.Byscanningthelistatleast29possibleconditionswillbefoundindicatinganoverheatedbearing.
Eithergodirectlytothesection"Overheatedbearing",orfirstnoteafewprobableconditionsfromthelistandthecorresponding"SolutionCode."(Morethanoneconditionmaybefoundthatappliestotheapplication.)Thenturntothesection"Overheatedbearing".Usethesolutioncode(s)todeterminetheprobablecauseoftheoverheatedbearing.
Commonsymptoms
A
Overheatedbearing
B
Noisybearing
C
Replacementsaretoofrequent
D
Vibration
E
Unsatisfactoryequipmentperformance
F
Bearingislooseontheshaft
G
Shaftisdifficulttoturn
Symptomsandtypicalconditions
Commonsymptoms
A
Overheatedbearing
B
Noisybearing
C
Replacementsaretoofrequent
D
Vibration
E
Unsatisfactoryequipmentperformance
F
Bearingislooseontheshaft
G
Shaftisdifficulttoturn
Symptoms
Typicalconditions
Code
A
B
C
G
Inadequatelubrication(Wrongtypeofgreaseoroil)
1
A
B
C
G
Insufficientlubrication(Lowoillevel-lossoflubricantthroughseals)
2
A
G
Excessivelubrication(Housingoillevelistoohighorhousingispackedfullwithgrease)
3
A
B
C
E
G
Insufficientbearingclearance(Wrongfitselection)
4
B
C
D
E
G
Foreignmatteractingasanabrasive(Sand,carbonetc.)
5
B
C
D
E
G
Foreignmatteractingasacorrosive(Water,acids,paintsetc.)
6
A
B
C
D
E
G
Bearingispinchedinthehousing(Boreoutofround)
7
A
B
C
D
E
G
Bearingispinchedinthehousing(Warpedhousing)
8
A
B
C
D
E
G
Unevenshimmingofhousingbase(Distortedhousingbore-possiblecrackingofthebase)
9
B
C
D
E
G
Foreignmatterinbearinghousing(Chips,turnings,ordirtleftinhousing)
10
Symptoms
Typicalconditions
Code
C
Highairvelocityoverbearingscausingpressuredifferentials(Oilleakage)
11
A
G
Sealsaretootight(Distortedseals)
12
A
B
G
Misalignedseals(Rubbingagainststationaryparts)
13
A
Oilreturnholesareplugged(Oilleakage)
14
A
B
C
E
G
Preloadedbearings(Crosslocation)
15
A
B
C
E
G
Preloadedbearings(Twolocatingbearingsononeshaft)
16
B
C
D
E
F
Bearingislooseonshaft(Shaftdiameteristoosmall)
17
B
C
D
E
F
Bearingislooseonshaft(Adaptersleeveisnottightenedsufficiently)
18
A
B
C
E
G
Bearingtootightinternally(Adaptersleeveistightenedexcessively)
19
C
Splitplummer(pillow)blockwithunevensurfaces(Oilleakage)
20
Symptoms
Typicalconditions
Code
A
B
C
D
E
Outerringspinsinhousing(Unbalancedload)
21
B
D
E
Noisybearing(Flattenedsurfaceonrollingelementduetoskidding)
22
C
D
E
Taperedshaftseat(Concentrationofloadinthebearing)
23
C
D
E
Taperedhousingbore(Concentrationofloadinthebearing)
24
B
C
D
E
G
Shaftshouldertoosmall(Inadequateshouldersupport-bendingofshaft)
25
A
B
C
G
Shaftshouldertoolarge(Rubbingagainstbearingseals)
26
B
C
D
E
G
Housingshouldertoosmall(Inadequateshouldersupport)
27
B
C
G
Housingshouldertoolarge(Bearingsealsaredistorted)
28
B
C
D
E
G
Shaftfillettoolarge(Bendingofshaft,bearingnotproperlyseated)
29
B
C
D
E
G
Housingfillettoolarge(Inadequatesupport)
30
Symptoms
Typicalconditions
Code
A
B
C
G
Insufficientclearanceinlabyrinthseals(Rubbing)
31
A
C
Oilgaugebreatherholeisclogged(Indicatesincorrectoillevel)
32
A
C
D
E
G
Linearmisalignmentofshaft
33
A
C
D
E
G
Angularmisalignmentofshaft
34
A
C
Constantoillevelcups(Incorrectlevel)
35
A
C
Constantoillevelcups(Incorrectlocation)
36
A
B
E
G
Lockingwasherprongsarebent(Rubbingagainstthebearing)
37
A
B
C
G
Incorrectpositioningofflingers(Rubbingagainstcovers)
38
A
B
C
D
E
G
Supportingsurfaceisuneven(Benthousingiscausingthebearingtobepinched)
39
B
C
D
E
Rollingelementisdented(Causedbyblowstothebearing)
40
Symptoms
Typicalconditions
Code
B
Bearingnoise(Causedbyothercomponents)
41
A
B
C
Lubricantleakageandentryofdirtintothebearing(Wornoutseals)
42
B
D
E
Vibration(Excessiveclearanceinthebearing)
43
B
D
E
Vibration(Unbalancedload)
44
C
E
G
Shaftturnswithdifficulty(Shaftorhousingshouldersareoutofsquarewiththebearingseat)
45
B
Bearingisdiscolored(Blowtorchwasusedtoremovethebearing)
46
A
B
C
E
G
Oversizedshaft(Bearingoverheats)
47
A
B
C
E
G
Undersizedhousingbore(Bearingoverheats)
48
A
B
C
D
E
Oversizedhousingbore(Outerringspins,bearingoverheats)
49
A
B
C
D
E
Enlargedhousingbore(Excessivepeeningofnon-ferroushousing)
50
B
E
Bearingnoise(Falsebrinelling)
51
Symptomsandtypicalconditions-Overheatedbearing
Code
Reasonforcondition
Practicalsolution
1
Greaseoroilisbreakingdownbecauseitisthewrongtypeforoperatingconditions.
Consultlubricantmanufacturertodeterminepropertypeoflubricant.Checkmiscibilityifgreaseoroilhasbeenchangedfromonetypetoanother.
2
Lowoillevel.Lubricantisbeinglostthroughtheseal.
Oillevelshouldbejustbelowthecentreofthelowestrollingelementinthebearing(
fig).
Insufficientgreaseinthehousing.
Fillhousing1/3 to 1/2withgrease.
3
Housingisfullypackedwithgrease,ortheoillevelistoohigh.Thiscausesexcessivelubricantchurning,highoperatingtemperatureoroilleakage.
Purgegreaseuntilthehousingis 1/2filledwithgrease.
Foroillubricatedbearings,reducetheoilleveltojustbelowthecentreofthelowestrollingelement(
fig).
4
Bearinghasinadequateinternalclearanceforconditionswhereexternalheatisconductedthroughtheshaft.Thiscausestheinnerringtoexpandexcessively.
Checkwhetheroverheatedbearinghadclearanceaccordingtooriginaldesignspecification(
fig).Ifso,thenchangetobearingwithincreasedradialclearance,i.e.NormaltoC3orC3toC4.Ifnot,ordertospecification.CheckwithSKFifthebearingdesignationhasbecomeillegible.
7
8
9
39
48
Housingboreisout-of-round.Housingiswarpedordistorted.Supportingsurfaceuneven.Housingboreisundersized.
Checkandscrapethehousingboretorelievepinchingofthebearing.Ifnecessaryturnthehousingboretothecorrectdimension.Ensurethatthesupportingsurfaceisflatandthattheshimscovertheentireareaofthehousingbase(
fig).Housingboreisundersizedifnon-locatingbearingischangedfromseparabletonon-separablebearing,e.g.fromcylindricalrollerbearingtodeepgrooveballbearing.
12
Contactsealsaredriedoutorhaveexcessivespringtension.
Replacecontactsealswithsealshavingcorrectspringtension(
fig).Lubricateseals.
13
31
38
Rotatingsealsorflingersarerubbingagainststationaryparts.
Checktherunningclearanceoftherotatingsealorflingertoeliminaterubbing(
fig).Correctthealignment.
14
Oilreturnholesareblocked.Pumpingactionofthesealscausesoilleakage
Cleartheholes.Drainusedoilandrefilltotheproperlevelwithfreshlubricant(
fig).
15
Crosslocation
Insertshimbetweenhousingandcoverflangetorelieveaxialpreloadingofbearing(
fig).
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