现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时.docx
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现在完成时
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现在完成时
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现在完成时
定义:
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果)
例:
Thecarhasarrived. 车子来了。
(结果:
车子已在门口)
Someonehasbrokenthewindow.有人把窗户打破了。
(结果:
窗户仍破着)
表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,甚至有可能继续延续下去。
可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。
Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.
自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
你来这里多久了?
现在完成时的构成:
pastpresentfuture
肯定式:
主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.
疑问式:
助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?
否定式:
主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.
例句:
Hashegonetothelibrary?
他是去了图书馆吗?
Yes,hehas.是的,是去那里了。
No,hehasn’t.不,他没去那里。
HowlonghasMrsSmithbeeninBeijing?
Smith夫人来北京多长时间了?
用法:
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--It’ssodark.
--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:
现在很黑)
--Areyoufree?
--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.
IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.
我已经游泳了半个小时。
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
3.经验性用法:
表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。
常与频度副词如often,always,everyweek,twice等连用。
IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。
Hehasalwayssaidso.他总是这么说.
现在完成时的标志词:
(一)当句中有never(从来没有),ever(曾经),just(刚刚),already(肯定),yet(否定),before(以前),recently(近来),sofar(到目前为止),inthepast/lastfew
Years(在过去几年里)等时,常用现在完成时。
a)already往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet用于否定句和疑问句。
Hehasalreadylefthere.
他已经离开这里了。
Hashealreadylefthere?
他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?
(表示加强语气)
Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?
你已经给你父母写过信了吗?
b)never是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever表示“曾经”
WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.
我们从来没有去过长城。
HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗?
c)just表示“刚刚”(用于完成时态时,与already,never等副词的位置一样,多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间)
Hehasjustcomeback.
他刚刚回来。
Theyhavejustfinishedthework.
他们刚刚完成那项工作。
当句中有"for+段时间"或"since+点时间"等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。
a)for+一段时间
Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.
He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.
b)since+表示过去某一时间的)时间点
Ihavebeenheresince2000.
Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.
IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.
注1):
since也可单独使用,表示“自那时起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.
Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.
Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.
注2):
对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.
Ihavelivedherefor10years.
Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.
Howlonghasshestoodhere?
五.现在完成时注意事项:
1.短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
leave--beaway(from)
come/go(to)--be(in/at)
arrive(at/in)--be(in/at)
get(to)--be(in/at)
reach--be(in/at)
buy--have
borrow--keep
finish--beover
join--bein/bea/an...
start/begin--beon
die--bedead
close--beclosed
open--beopen
return--beback
marry--bemarried
become--be
如:
Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。
Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世二年了。
Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。
WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
2.havebeen与havegone的用法比较
havebeento意思是“到过,去过”,表示曾经到过某处,但现在人不在那儿。
havegoneto意思是“去了”,表示已经去了某地,现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
havebeenin意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
HassheeverbeentoNanjing?
她曾去过南京吗?
Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?
你以前从未去过那儿,是吗?
IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.
我去过桂林,我去年去的。
ShehasgonetoNanjing.
她已经去南京了。
3.与一般过去时的用法比较
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。
)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
2)一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
…ago,lastweek/...In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday...Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前)
现在完成时常和recently(近来),ever,never,twice,sofar(到目前为止),since,for,inthepast/lastfewyears,already(肯定句),yet(否定,疑问句),just(刚刚),before(以前)连用。
现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。
现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
现在完成时历年中考真题
一 .has gone to, has been to, has been in 的区别
1 (11黑龙江绥化)-- Where is Bob?
-- He _____ to Harbin for a meeting.
A went B has been C has gone
2 (11南宁)She isn’t at the cinema now because she the library.
has been to B. have been to C. have gone to D. has gone to
3 (11烟台)—I think the man over there must be Bob.
-- It_______ be him. He has______ to Australia.
can’t, gone B. can’t, been C. may not, been D. mustn't, gone
4【2011江苏徐州】— Are you going to the bank, Laura?
—No, I ______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
5【2011呼和浩特】----Oh, you are here. I'm looking for you all the morning.
______?
----To the library.
A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go C. Where are you going D. Where have you been?
6【2011四川雅安】 They _____ England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to B. have been to D. has been on
7【2011辽宁本溪】—Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai?
—Yes, he ______ there for two months.
has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to
8【2011江苏泰州】—How well do you know the Opera House?
—I know the place very well. I ____ Sydney many times.
have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in
二 .
A 现在完成时 看关键词选答案 常见关键词有since+时间点、 for+时间段、already, yet, so far, once, twice, many times等
1【2011贵州毕节】I_____ many new friends since I came here.
A.make B.made C.will make D.have made
2【2011福建莆田】Mrs. Wang came back from France in 2010.
She _____ there for four years.
A. works B. worked C. has worked
3【2011北京】My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980.
writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write
4 (11河南)—Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown’s office?
—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
5 (11泉州)—Dad, I ______station for 30 minutes. But nobody came to meet me.
— Don’t worry. I will go to meet you soon.
A. arrived at B. have been at C. will reach
6 (11陕西)Some students in Shanghai______e-bags for several months.
A. have B. have had C. had D. will have
B 现在完成时 没有关键词,根据句义判断,即过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响。
1【2011河北省】I______my homework. I guess I can't join you.
don't finish B. didn't finish C. haven't finished D. won't finish
2【2011重庆江津】A:
How clean the bedroom is!
B:
Yes, I am sure that someone ______ it.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
3 【2011广西贵港】 My pen pal said he would write to me,
but I ___ any letters from him so far.
A. won’t receive B. haven’t received C. hadn’t received D. didn’t receive
4【2011广西贺州】Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.
A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes
5【2011湖北襄阳】---- Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina?
---- Because I ______ it twice.
A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see
C 现在完成时 瞬间动词变延续性动词,如join—be in, begin—be on, leave—be away, borrow—keep, buy—have, marry—be married等
1【2011四川雅安】She _______ this book for nearly three weeks.
A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept
2【2011广东清远】Echo _____ for half a month. She'll come hack in two months.
A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away
3【2011贵州遵义】Thomas ______ the army for two years,
so he misses his mother very much.
A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in
4【2011重庆】I ______my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!
A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from
5【2011江苏淮安】
British Prince William(威廉王子) and Kate _____ for nearly two months.
A. married B. have married C. have been married D. have got married
6【2011广东肇庆】You are too late. The film ______ since half an hour ago.
A. has begun B. has been on C. began
7【2011四川达州】— Do you know Lucy’s grandma?
—Of course.
She is a kind woman, but she has_______ for about a month since she __ in the accident.
been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died;killed
D 现在完成时被动结构
1【2011四川资阳】So far this year,
many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.
A. build B. are built C. will build D. have been built
2【2011广西柳州】Half of the work ______ by now.
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have been finished
3【2011海南张家界】The news _______ to the public yet.
Only a few people know.
A. hasn’t told B. has been told C. hasn’t been told
4(2010南京中考)—Can you sing this English song?
--Of course, I can. It ______many times on the radio.
A. taught B. has taught C. is taught D. has been taught
综合小检测
1.Myauntisawriter.She______morethantenbookssince1980.
A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite
2.Mygrandmother_______alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.
A.seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen
3.SomestudentsinShanghai_________e-bagsforseveralmonths.
A.haveB.havehadC.hadD.willhave
4.--I'venotfinishedmyprojectyet.
--Hurryup!
Ourfriends____________forus.(2011江苏南京,12)
A.havewaitedB.waitC.waitingD.arewaiting
5.ThelasttimeI________tothecinemawastwoyearsago.(2011浙江杭州,21)
A.goB.havegoneC.havebeenD.went
6.--HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?
--Yes.I_________thereafewmonthago.
A.havebeenB.wentC.havegoneD.been
7.--WouldyouliketogoandseeAvatarwithmetonight?
--Thankyouverymuch,butI_______italready.(2010天津,43)
A.seeB.willseeC.haveseenD.amseeing
8.Tinaandherparents_______toEngla
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