虚拟语气精讲精练及答案.docx
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虚拟语气精讲精练及答案.docx
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虚拟语气精讲精练及答案
虚拟语气总览
1.英语中的三种语气
英语共有三种语气,陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
陈述语气用来讲述事实,有肯定、否定、询问和感叹等形式,谓语动词有人称、时态和数的变化;祈使语气用于提出请求、建议、劝告、命令和警告等,以动词原形起句,否定式句前加Don’t;虚拟语气表示说话人所言内容不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令或猜测,有时只是说话者的主观愿望,或表达他/她的强烈情感,谓语动词用特殊形式。
2.非真实条件句的虚拟语气
条件从句
主句
过去
haddone
would/should/might/could/oughttohavedone
现在
did(be用were)
would/should/might/could/oughttodo
将来
1、did
2、shoulddo
3、weretodo
would/should/might/could/oughttodo
巧计主句中五个虚拟引导词:
MSCOW(奶牛女士):
might,should,could,oughtto,would
2.1.与过去事实相反
1).IfIhadhadmuchmoneyatthattime,Iwouldhaveboughtyouwhatyouwant.
2).Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.
3).Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.
4).Wewouldn’thavesucceededifithadnotbeenfortheirhelp.
5).Ifyouhadbeenhereyesterday,youwouldhavemetthefilmstar.
6).IfIhadknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaid,Icouldhavehelpedthem.
7).Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
8).Ifwehadhadenoughrainlastyear,wecouldhavegainedagoodharvest.
9).Ifyouhadworkedalittleharder,youcouldhavepassedthefinalexamination.
10).Iftheyhadinvitedhertotheparty,shewouldhaveattendedit.
2.2.与现在事实相反
1).IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothereatonce.
2).Ifmyclassmateswerehere,theywouldhelpme.
3).IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthejob.
4).Ifclassesweresmaller,childrenwouldlearnmore.
5).IfIweretenyearsyounger,Iwouldstartalloveragain.
6).IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyalargehouse.
7).IfIhadtime,Iwouldgoshoppingwithyou.
8).IfIknewalltheanswerstoallyourquestions,Iwouldbeagenius.
9).Ifhewereherenow,wewouldaskhimaboutit.
10).IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.
11).IfIknewhernumber,Icouldringher.(可惜我不知道)
12).Iftherewerenogravity,weshouldnotbeabletowalk.(实际上地球引力始终存在。
)
13).IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.(实际上我确实不知道,所以肯定不能告诉你。
)
14).IfIhadmoneyonme,Iwouldlendyousome.
15).Wewouldnotbeabletowalkiftherewerenofriction.
16).Ifyouwereinmyposition,whatwouldyoudo?
17).Iftheytreatedmeasaslave,Ihadtoresign.
18).Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveamuchhappiertime.
19).Ifwisheswerehorses,beggarsmightride.(如果幻想能成为马匹,叫花子们都有了坐骑。
)
20).Lifemightbetoodullifithadnodifficultiesinit.(倘若生活中没了困难,就会过于平淡。
)
2.3.与将来事实相反
1).Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,wewouldhavearest.
2).Ifthesunweretorisefromthewest,Iwouldmarryyou.
(注意:
对将来虚拟的条件从句中,在实现的可能性方面过去式did最大,shoulddo中等,weretodo最小。
如本句太阳没有可能从西方升起,所以本句用wereto最恰当。
)
3).IfIweretomeethertomorrow,Iwouldaskheraboutit.
4).Ifgreenplantsshoulddisappearsomeday,therewouldhardlybeanylifeontheearth.
5).IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.
6).Ifitshould(wereto)rainthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.
7).Ifyoumissedthefilmthisevening,youwouldbesorryforit.(如果今晚错过了这场电影,你会遗憾的。
实际上,你不会错过。
)
8).IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldinviteherhome.
9).Ifyoulivedthereforseveralmonths,youwouldchangeyourmindabouttheplace.
10).Ifthingsweretobedonetwice,allwouldbewise.(如果事情能被做两次,人人都会变得明智。
)
2.4.混合型
1).Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbemuchbetternow.(过去→现在)
2).Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.(过去→现在)
3).Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.(过去→现在)
4).Ifyouhadgotsixmorevotesyesterday,youwouldbeourchairmannow.(过去→现在)
5).IfIhadearnedmuchmoneylastsummer,Iwouldgoonavacationnextmonth.(过去→将来)
6).Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.(现在→将来)
7).Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivetoday.(过去→现在)
8).IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(现在→过去)
9).Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.(过去→现在)
10).Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldn’tbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(过去→过去→现在)
2.5.if的省略与条件句的倒装
1).WereIyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthejob.
2).Wereshehere,shewouldsupportus.
3).Wereyoutogofishingwithme,youwouldhaveamuchhappiertime.
4).Weremenangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.(如果人人都是天使,政府就没有必要了。
)
5).Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn’tallowhertostudyabroad.
6).Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmygirlfriend.
7).HadItime,Iwouldcome.(本句中had是实意动词,而非主动词。
)
8).HadIbeeninformedearlier,Icouldhavedonesomethingtopreventitfromhappening.
9).Manypersonsintheworlswouldhavesucceededhadtheynotwastedtheirvaluabletime.
10).Shoulditbefinetomorrow,wewouldgoouting.
11).Shouldyouchangeyourmind,noonewouldblameyou.
12).Wewouldgonetoyourbirthdaypartyhadyouinvitedus.
13.Iwouldgoshoulditbenecessary.
14).WhatwouldhavehappenedhadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
15).Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.
16).Wereitnotforwater,noplantcouldgrow.
(注:
例句8、9知识点见“二→6→B→a”。
)
17).Betheycommonpeopleorhigh-rankingofficials,theystandequalbeforethelaw.(Whethertheybe…)
18).Betheweatherwhatitmay,Iwillleavetomorrow.(Whethertheweatherbewhatitmay,…)
(注:
例句13、14知识点见“八→5”。
)
注意:
在这一结构中,若条件句为否定句,not应被放在主语之后,而不能缩写成weren’t,shouldn’t或hadn’t而置于居首。
如例15,16。
2.6.含蓄型:
A.with:
“要是有,如果有”,表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1).Withyourhelp,wewouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.
(要是有你的帮助,我们早就解出这道题了。
实际上你没有帮助我们,我们也没有解出这道题。
)
2).Withalittleasssistance,Alexanderwouldhavesucceeded.
3).Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
B.a.without/butfor/ifitwerenotfor(wereitnotfor)/ifithadn’tbeenfor(haditnotbeenfor)/intheabsenceof+Sb./Sth.
b.butthat+句子;
注意:
a.b.都表示“要不是,若非,如果没有,如果不是”,表示与现在事实相反的假设。
1).Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.
2).Withouttheprogrammer(程序编制人员),thecomputerwouldbeuseless.
3).Withoutsunshine,nothingcouldgrowonearth.
4).Withoutwaterorair,nothingcouldlive.
5).Withoutcontradictionnothingcouldexist.(没有矛盾,就没有世界)
6).Withouthim,wewouldhavefailed.
7).Withoutthedifficulieswewouldnotknowgreatmen’stoughness.(如果没有困难,我们就不会了解伟人的坚韧性格。
)
8).Iwouldnevermakeitwithoutthehavitsoforderanddiligence.(假如没有按部就班和勤奋的习惯,我就不会成功。
)
9).Withoutchallenges,ObamawouldneverhavebeenPresidentoftheUnitedStates.
10).Withoutsteel,therewouldbenomodernindustry.(没有钢,就没有现代工业。
)
11).Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.
12).Butforyourtimelyrescue,theboywouldhavedrowned.
13).Butforfriction,peoplecouldneitherwalk,norevenstandup.
(注:
以上例句1-13without,butfor都可互换,并可替换为intheabsenceof;若是对现在或将来的虚拟,可用Ifitwerenotfor替换;若是对过去的虚拟则可用Ifithadnotbeenfor来替换。
)
14).Butthathesawit,hecouldnothavebelievedit.
15).ThelittlegirlwouldhavefallenintotheriverbutthatthePLAmancaughther.
16).Butthatyoudidn’tletmetakethatcupofteaIwouldhavebeenposionedtodeath.
17).Shewouldhavecometoseeyouthatdaybutthatshewasill.(=Butforherillness)
18).Butthatitsnowedheavily,theycouldhavearrivedthereearlier.(=Butfortheheavysnow,…)
19).Shewouldhaveboughtthebookbutthatshehadnomoneythen.
20).Ifitweren’tformyjob,Iwouldcomewithyou.
21).Ifitwerenotforhiswife’smoneyhewouldneverbeamayor.
22).Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor’scare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.
23).Ifithadnotbeenforyou,Icouldnothaveworkedouttheproblem.
C.or,orelse,otherwise;
1).Ididn’tcatchthebus,otherwiseIwouldn’thavemissedthefilm.
2).Igotuptoolate,otherwiseIwouldn’thavebeenlateforthemeeting.
3).Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.
4).Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade(游行).
5).Iambusynow.Otherwise,Iwouldhelpyou.
6).Hecan’thavewrittentome,otherwiseIwouldhavegothisletterbynow.
7).Hetoldmeofyourarrival,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.
8).Thesoldierfledaway,orhewouldhavebeenkilled.
9).Ididn’tknowthathewasaliar,orelseIwouldn’thavebelievedhim.
D.通过上下文推断,没有引导词,真正的含蓄。
1).Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar(学者).
2).Iwoulddosoinyourposition.
3).Givenmoretime,wewoulddoitbetter.
4).Unlessyouhaddoneitearlier,youwouldhavefailed.
2.7.suppose(that),supposing(that);provided(that);assuming(that);onconditionthat;giventhat
1).Suppose/supposingthattherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.
=Iftherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltogroundwhendropped.
2).Supposingyoucouldn’twrite,whatwouldyoudo?
3).Childrenwerepermittedintothehallforthefilmprovided(that)theydidnotmakeanytrouble.
4).Theguardsallowthetouriststogointothewoodsonconditionthatthey(should)donoharmtotheanimals.
(onconditionthat=onlyif,它所引导从句的谓语动词的语气可陈述,可虚拟,但均表示一个真实条件。
)
5).Giventhathedoesn’tagreetodoit,weshalldoitalone.
(giventhat表示一个真实条件,其从句谓语动词用陈述语气。
)
3.宾语从句的虚拟语气
3.1.wish
wishthat…haddone→表示对过去已发事情的虚拟
wishthat…did/were→表示对现在正发事情的虚拟
wishthat…wereto/should/could/might/woulddo→表示对将来要发事情的虚拟
1).IwishIwereabird.
2).Theuglygirlwishesshewerebetterlooking.
3).SometimesIwishIwerelivinginadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.
4).HowIwisheveryfamilyhadalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
5).IhaveneverbeentoNewYork,buthowIwishIhad.
6).IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday
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