英语专四真题及参考答案精选文档.docx
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英语专四真题及参考答案精选文档.docx
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英语专四真题及参考答案精选文档
2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion。
MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth—sidedpyramid.
A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen
B。
wasbelievedtobe
C.isbelievedtohavebeen
D.isbelievedtobe
12.U。
S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.
A。
maintains
B.ismaintaining
C。
maintained
D.hasbeenmaintaining
13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted。
A.actually
B。
accidentally
C。
otherwise
D。
seldom
14。
Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.
A.bluehazyVirginia
B。
hazyblueVirginia
C。
Virginiahazyblue
D。
Virginiabluehazy
15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.
A。
theevil
B.evil
C.evils
D.anevil
16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________。
A。
war
B。
arewar
C。
ofwar
D。
areofwar
17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight—sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.
A。
itsmostbasic
B。
itsbasic
C.themostbasic
D。
thebasic
18。
Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn"isused__________.
A。
toexpressanintendedpurpose
B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility
C.torevealanundesirableconsequence
D.todramatizeastatedfact
19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?
A。
Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.
B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.
C。
Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I'mgettingterriblybehind。
D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway。
20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years。
Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______。
A.ahypothesis
B。
asuggestion
C.acontradiction
D.asurprise
21。
WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution。
A.justice
B。
testimony
C.trial
D.verdict
22。
_________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen。
A.Questionably
B.Arguably
C。
Contentiously
D.Debatably
23。
Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials。
A.cut
B。
buoy
C.offer
D.offset
24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”
A。
recommendation
B。
recording
C。
recollection
D.recognition
25。
Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.
A.consists
B。
constitutes
C。
composes
D。
constructs
26。
Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.
A。
final
B。
further
C.supplementary
D.extra
27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions。
A.fired
B.filed
C。
fined
D。
filled
28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.
A。
debris
B。
ruins
C.remains
D.wreck
29。
She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres。
A。
countless
B.countable
C。
numerical
D.numeral
30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners。
A.oceangoing
B.oceanic
C.marine
D.maritime
PARTIVCLOZE
Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET。
A。
accompaniesB。
automaticallyC。
coupleD。
goesE.indebtedness
F。
kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI。
oneJ。
obey
K。
renownedL.subscribeM。
unknownN.virtueO.widespread
AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment。
HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers。
Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim。
Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn。
Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus。
Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours。
Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike。
Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged"hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell。
Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture。
Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD。
ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO。
PASSAGEONE
(1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties。
Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats。
ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues。
Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority。
(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:
self—reliance。
ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.
(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU。
S。
(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:
competition。
Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers。
ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork。
Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo。
(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife。
Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes。
Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches"becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus。
(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:
hardwork。
HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory。
Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities。
BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe。
MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.
(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates。
41.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________。
A。
Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition
B。
thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork
C。
successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety
D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities
42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues
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