01学生用Word版共15页可编辑.docx
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01学生用Word版共15页可编辑.docx
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01学生用Word版共15页可编辑
概要写作
一、考纲解读
提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
二、原题分析
①原文材料350词以内,概要写作40—80词。
②原文以说明文、议论文为主。
③概要,基本上就是段落大意。
每段一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括就行。
④要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
三、注意事项
①找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。
②各要点的表达要相对独立。
③各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
④句型力求简单,每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
⑤尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。
例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用ing形式和ed形式作定语。
⑥多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
四、模板及句型
①表示文章的内容以及研究目的
1)Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...
2)Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...
②表示研究的结论
1)Theresultshowedthat...
2)Theauthorfoundthat...
3)Itwasconcludedthat...
③表示推荐、观点或建议
1)Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...
2)Suggestionsaremadefor...
五、评分原则
①本题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。
②评分时,先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。
③词数少于40和多于80的,从总分中减去2分。
④评分时,应主要从以下四个方面考虑:
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
⑤拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
⑥如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。
训练
(一)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently,aprofessorofphilosophyintheUnitedStateshaswrittenabookcalledMoneyandtheMeaningofLife.Hehasdiscoveredthathowwedealwithmoneyinourday-to-daylifehasmoremeaningthanweusuallythink.Oneofthethingsheaskshisstudentstodoistokeeparecordofeverypennytheyspendforaweek.Fromthewaytheyspendtheirmoney,theyoftenseewhattheyreallyvalueinlife.
Hesaysourrelationwithothersoftenbecomesclearlydefinedwhenmoneyentersthepicture.Youmighthavewonderfulfriendshipwithsomebodyandyouthinkthatyouareverygoodfriends.Butyouwillknowhimonlywhenyouaskhimtolendyousomemoney.Ifhedoes,itbringssomethingtotherelationshipthatseemsstrongerthaneverbefore.Oritcansuddenlyweakentherelationshipifhedoesn’t.Thispersonmaysaythathehasacertainfeeling,butifitisnotcarriedoutinthemoneyworld,thereissomethinglessrealaboutit.
Sincemoneyissoimportanttous,weconsiderthosewhopossessalotofittobeveryimportant.Theauthorinterviewedsomemillionairesinresearchinghisbook.
Answer:
Themostsurprisingthingiswhypeoplegivemesomuchrespect.Iamnothing.Idon’tknowmuch.AllIamisrich.
Peoplejusthaveanideaofmakingmoreandmoremoney,butwhatisitfor?
HowmuchdoIneedforantgivenpurposesinmylife?
Inhisbook,theprofessoruncoveredanimportantneedinmodernsociety:
tobringbacktheideathatmoneyisaninstrumentratherthantheend.Moneyplaysanimportantroleinthematerialworld,butexpectingmoneytogivehappinessmaybemissingthemeaningoflife.
训练
(二)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishingchildrenisacontroversialtopic.Everybodyhasdifferentopinionsabouthowtoacttocorrectachild’sbehavior.Parents,teachers,doctors,andspecialistslikepsychologists,havedisagreementsaboutwhetheritisgoodforachild’seducationtopunishhim.
Theword“punish”meansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Punishmentcanbephysicaloremotional.Physicalpunishmentiswhentheparenthits,slapsorspanksthechild.
Ontheotherhand,emotionalpunishmentiswhentheparent,inordertoeducatethechild,doesn’tlethimwatchTV,gotoplaywithhisfriends,ordothingslikethat.Theparentsdoesn’tteachhim,butstillhepunishesthechild.
Althoughmanysurveysandstudieshavebeenmadeaboutwhatthecorrectwayistoraiseachild,nobodyhastheanswerorthetruth.Ithinkitwillbeverydifficulttofindtheanswerorgetpeopletoagree.
Ithinkparentsshouldlovetheirchildandgivehimthebesteducation,butatthesametime,theyshouldpunishthechildifhedeservesit.Ithinkifyouloveyourchild,youshouldberationalwhenyouapplythepunishment.Itshouldbereasonablebutstrict.
Theparent’sgoalistohaveinthefutureagoodmanorwomaninsociety,sosometimesyoushoulddowhatisnecessarytogetyourchildtobehavewell.
训练(三)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
“Hewhobearsthegreatesthardshipbecomesthegreatestman.”ThisidiomshowsChinesepeople’straditionalbeliefinthevitalrolethathardshipplaysinaperson’slifeastheygrowup.Buttoday,asourliveshavegreatlyimproved,dowestillneedthissocalled“hardshipeducation”?
“Wedefinitelydo,”saidWangWeiqiong,motherofa15yearoldgirlinJiangxi,“Manychildrentakeeverythingforgranted,asthey’veneverknownhowdifficultitistomakemoney.”
Wangisnotalone.Accordingtoarecentsurveyof2,017peopledonebyChinaYouthDaily.81.8percentoftheintervieweessupportedhardshipeducationincludingexperiencinglifeinpoorareas,outdoortraining,takingparttimejobs,anddoinghousework.
QiaoYu,fromTianjinForeignLanguagesSchool,alsosupportstheidea.“Hardshiphelpsusgrowandbepreparedforthedifficultiesofsociety,”saidthe18yearold,whoworkedinacakestorethissummer.
Butwhileitcontributestostudents’development,“hardshipeducationshouldn’tbeseenassimplymakingstudentssuffer,”SunYunxiao,deputydirectoroftheChinaYouthandChildrenResearchCentertoldChinaYouthDaily.“Itshouldfollowteenagers’growth.”Sunsaidthatstudentscouldalsodosportstolearntofacedifficulties,fordoingsportscangreatlystrengthentheirbodiesandminds.
训练(四)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
TheseriousdeclineinthehealthofChinesestudentsiscausingconcernamongparents,schoolsandexperts.Thenextgeneration’sfutureisindangerandthereisaneedtounderstandthecausesoftheproblemandfindasolution.
Inthelast10years,studieshavefoundanalarmingincreasein:
•Obesity—Thenumberofoverweightinmiddleschoolstudentshasdoubled.Poordiet,especiallytheovereatingofjunkfoodandtheoverdrinkingofsoftdrinks,andthelackofphysicalactivitiesareidentifiedasthemainreasonsforthisproblem.
•Pooreyesight—Morestudentsnowwearglassesfromanearlyage.Longhoursofstudyandheavyuseofcomputersandmobilephonesaremostcommonlyblamed.
•Stress—Studentsfeelundermorepressuretosucceedthaneverbefore.Thelonghoursofstudyandhomeworktheymustdotoachievesuccess,pluspressurefromparentsandschoolsarethemaincauses.
SomehavesuggestedincludingPhysicalEducation(P.E.)intheCollegeEntranceExaminationsasapossiblesolutiontostudents’healthproblems.Theysaythiswillforcestudentstobemoreactive,playsportsandthereforeloseweight.Others,however,opposetheidea,sayingthataddingonemoretesttotheCollegeEntranceExaminationswouldonlyincreasestudents’workloadandstressandwouldactuallyworsentheiroverallhealth.
Althoughthereisnoeasyanswer,allagreethatsomethingmustbedonetostoptheseriousdeclineinstudents’health.
训练(五)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
HumanFleshSearch—thousandsofindividualsworkingtofindandmakepublicsomeone’spersonalinformation,mostlyonline—willberuledasleakingpersonaldata,whichisagainstthelaw,accordingtoChina’stopcourt.
Internetusersornetworkserviceproviderswholeakpeople’spersonalinformationsuchasphonenumbers,addresses,andclinicaldatawillhavetoholdlegalresponsibility.
Networkserviceproviderswillalsobeheldresponsibleiftheyareawarethattheirusershaveviolatedothers’rightsbuthavefailedtotakeaction.
Thedecisioncomesafteryearsofargumentsoverwhetherit’srightforthepublictotrythosewhobehavewrongly.
Ontheonehand,cyberhuntingdoeshaveitspositiveinfluences.Somepublicofficialshavebeenremovedfromtheirpositionsafterhumanfleshsearchesledtocorruptioninvestigations.DuringdisastersliketheSichuanearthquakein2008,thesearchmethodalsohelpedmanypeopletofindtheirlovedones.
Butmanythinkthatonlinecyberhuntingiscreatingathreattoprivacy.“People’s‘unusuallyhighenthusiasm’makesthehumanfleshsearchenginephenomenonunique,”XujunEberlein,aChinese-Americanauthorandcommentator,toldForbes.“Participantsoften‘reachouttheirhands’thoughtlessly,violatingpeople’srightsinsteadofbeingrighteous(正直).”
训练(六)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Whenwasthelasttimeyoureadabookorasubstantialmagazinearticle?
Doyourdailyreadinghabitscenteraroundtweets,Facebookupdates,orthedirectionsonyourinstantoatmealpacket?
Ifyou’reoneofcountlesspeoplewhodon’tmakeahabitofreadingregularly,youmightbemissingout:
readinghasasignificantnumberofbenefits,andjustafewbenefitsofreadingarelistedbelow.
First,studieshaveshownthatstayingmentallystimulatedcanslowtheprogressofAlzheimer’s(阿兹海默症)anddementia(痴呆),sincekeepingyourbrainactiveandengagedpreventsitfromlosingpower.Justlikeanyothermuscleinthebody,thebrainrequiresexercisetokeepitstrongandhealthy,sothephrase“useitorloseit”isparticularlyreasonablewhenitcomestoyourmind.Doingpuzzlesandplayinggamessuchaschesshavealsobeenfoundtobehelpfulwithcognitivestimulation.
Nomatterhowmuchstressyouhaveatwork,inyourpersonalrelationships,orcountlessotherissuesfacedindailylife,italljustslipsawaywhenyouloseyourselfinagreatstory.Awellwrittennovelcantransportyoutootherrealms,whileanengagingarticlewilldistractyouandkeepyouinthepresentmoment,lettingtensionsdrainawayandallowingyoutorelax.
Everythingyoureadfillsyourheadwithnewbitsofinformation,andyouneverknowwhenitmightcomeinhandy.Themoreknowledgeyouhave,thebetterequippedyouaretotackleanychallengeyou’lleverface.
训练(七)
阅读下面的短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently,avideoofaChinesemainland
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