英国语言与文化在历史中的发展英国文化对英语习语的影响.docx
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英国语言与文化在历史中的发展英国文化对英语习语的影响.docx
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英国语言与文化在历史中的发展英国文化对英语习语的影响
英国语言与文化在历史中的发展-英国文化对英语习语的影响
TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
Abstract
Languageisthetoolforhumanbeings’communicationaswellasthefoundationof
humanbeings’culture.Butforlanguage,therewouldbenocultureintheworld.
Theinfluenceofcultureonlanguageissignificant.Beingconsideredtobeavery
importantpartoflanguage,idiomshavealwayschangedanddevelo9pedaccordingto
culture.
Theconstituentsofculturearevarious,includinghistoricalbackground,religion,
geographicalenvironment,literatureandart,customs,sportandentertainmentandsoon.
Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageintheworld.Britishcultureisunique.The
influenceofBritishcultureonEnglishisenormous.
Theaimofthisdissertationistostudytherelationshipbetweenlanguageand
culture,andtoprovethegreatinfluenceofBritishcultureonEnglishidioms.
Keywords:
language,culture,idiom,influence。
I
TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
摘要
语言是人类用来交流的工具,同时也是人类文化产生的基础。
没有了语言,人
类文化也将不复存在。
文化对语言有着巨大的影响。
而习语作为语言的重要组成部分,更是因文化而
发展,变化。
文化是一个宽泛的概念,其内容丰富多彩,包括历史背景,地理环境,
宗教信仰,文学艺术,风俗习惯,体育运动等方面。
英语是世界上使用最广泛的语
言。
英国有着独特的不列颠文化。
英国文化对英语习语的影响是不可估量的。
本文便是从文化的各个角度出发,探讨文化与语言的关系,论证文化对语言的
影响。
关键词:
语言,文化,习语,影响。
II
Contents
Chapter1Introduction...................................................................................................1
Chapter2TheInfluenceofBritishCultureonEnglishIdioms..................................3
2.1TheInfluenceofBritishHistoricalBackgroundonEnglishIdioms.........................3
.TheInfluenceofRomanConquestonEnglishIdioms........................................................3
.TheInfluenceofTeutonicConquestonEnglishIdioms......................................................4
.TheInfluenceofScandinavianInvasiononEnglishIdioms................................................5
.TheInfluenceofNormanConquestonEnglishIdioms.......................................................5
2.2TheInfluenceofGeographicalEnvironmentofEnglishIdioms..............................6
.TheInfluenceofSeafaringonEnglishIdioms....................................................................6
TheInfluenceofFishingonEnglishIdioms.........................................................................7
InfluenceofMiningonEnglishIdioms..........................................................................7
TheInfluenceofCattleBreedingonEnglishIdioms............................................................8
2.3TheInfluenceofCustomsonEnglishIdioms..........................................................8
TheInfluenceofDiningCustomsonEnglishIdioms...........................................................8
InfluenceofPetCustomsonEnglishIdioms..................................................................9
2.4TheInfluenceofBibleonEnglishIdioms.............................................................10
2.5TheInfluenceofLiteratureonEnglishIdioms......................................................11
2.6TheInfluenceofBritishSportsonEnglishIdioms................................................12
TheInfluenceofHorseRacingonEnglishIdioms.............................................................13
TheInfluenceofBoxingonEnglishIdioms.......................................................................13
Chapter3Conclusion....................................................................................................15
Reference........................................................................................................................16
Acknowledgement..........................................................................................................17
TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
Chapter1Introduction
Theaimofthisdissertationistostudytherelationshipbetweenlanguageand
culture.
Butforlanguage,therewouldbenocultureintheworld.Intheprocessofbuilding
upaculture,communicationisamusttoacertaingroupofpeople,forculturecannotbe
createdindividually.Inotherwords,cultureisthefruitofthecooperationofacertain
groupofpeople.
Ontheotherhand,languageistheprincipalmeanswherebyweconductoursocial
lives.Whenitisusedincontextsofcommunication,itisboundupwithculturein
multipleandcompleteways.
Then,whatareidioms?
“Idiomsconsistofsetphrasesandshortsentences”and
“idiomsareexpressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirliteralmeaningsof
individualelements.”LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishdefinesidiomsas
“afixedgroupofwordswithaspecialmeaningwhichisdifferentfromthemeaningsof
theindividualwords.”Mostphrasallexemesareidioms,especiallyasequenceofwords
thatissemanticallyandoftensyntacticallyrestricted.
Generallyspeaking,anidiomisaphraseunderstoodbymanypeopleinaspecific
cultureorsubculture,andthatphrasehasadifferentmeaningfromthemeaningit
appearstohave.
Anotherimportantelementofthisdissertationisculture.Culturecanbedefinedas
membershipinadiscoursecommunitythatsharesacommonsocialspaceandhistory,
andcommonimaginings.Evenwhentheyhaveleftthatcommunity,itsmembersmay
retain,wherevertheyare,acommonsystemofstandardsforperceiving,believing,
evaluating,andacting.Thesestandardsarewhataregenerallycalledtheir“culture”.
Culturecanbeunderstoodinvariousways.Itincludesmanyelements,suchashistory,
geographicalenvironment,customs,religion,literature,sport,entertainmentandsoon.
Cultureiscloselyconnectedwithlanguage.Ithasagreatinfluenceonlanguage.
Idioms,consideredtobetheessenceofalanguage,takethebruntoftheinfluenceof
cultureonlanguage.Cultureinfluencesonlanguageinmanyways.Thisfactcaneasily
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TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
befoundincontemporaryEnglishlanguage.Forexample,sinceBritaininanisland
country,fishisakindofcommonfoodinBritishpeople’sdailylife.Therefore,there
appearquitealotofidiomsrelatedtofish,saylikebigfish,whichreferstoavery
importantperson.Freshfishisthepronounof“recentlyreleasedprisoner”.Thenisfisha
partofBritishculture?
Certainly,dietisalsoanindispensablepartofaculture.
2
TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
Chapter2TheInfluenceofBritishCultureonEnglishIdioms
2.1TheInfluenceofBritishHistoricalBackgroundonEnglish
Idioms
Theinfluenceofsocialdevelopmentonlanguageisenormous.Asthesociety
develops,oldlanguagevanished,andnewlanguageappears.Intheprocessofa
language’sdevelopment,historicaltracecanbeeasilyfoundinidioms.
.TheInfluenceofRomanConquestonEnglishIdioms.
In55BC,afterconqueringtheGaul,theRomanemperorJuliusCaesararrivedin
theBritishIsles,buthedidn’twarwiththelocalCelts.Ayearlater,Caesarmadewar
againstCeltsanddefeatedthem.ButhefailedtomaketheCeltsyield.
TherealRomanconquestinBritishbeganin43BC.TheRomanemperorofthat
time,Claudius,spentthreeyearsinconqueringthemiddlepartandsoutheastofBritain.
Asaresult,LatinwasrapidlyspreadacrosstheBritishisland.Itwasusedastheofficial
languageaswellascommerciallanguage.
TheRomandominancelastedfourhundredyearsinBritain.Fourhundredisquitea
longtime.Naturally,it’snotdifferenttofindthetraceofRomanconquestintoday’s
Englishidioms.
DoinRomeastheRomansdo.
Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.
AllroadleadstoRome.
Thethreeidiomsabovearequitewellknownallaroundtheworld.
IntheoldRomanarena,thevictoriousgladiatorsusedthepalmsasthemarkof
victory.SothereappearsanEnglishidiom,bearthepalm,whichmeans“succeed”or
“win”.
Worthone’ssaltisanotheridiomthathasatightrelationshipwithRomanconquest.
Thisidiomisusedtodescribe,“Onepersondeserveshisreward”.Becauseintheold
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TheDevelopmentofBritishLanguageandItsCultureinHistory
Romantimes,saltwasveryprecious,andasaresult,wasusedtoserveasakindof
salary.
TheidiomthumbsupemanatedfromtheoldRomanentertainment.Atthetime,
gladiatorsfoughtinthearenatoentertaintheRomanAristocrats.Ifthearistocratsput
theirthumbsuptoagladiator,thatmeanstheyagreetoletthegladiatorsurvive.In
today’sEnglish,thumbsupmeans“agreeto”.Onthecontrary,thumbsdownmeans
“disagree”or“goagainst”.
.TheInfluenceofTeutonicConquestonEnglishIdioms.
TheAnglescamefromanangle-shapedlandareaincontemporaryGermany.Their
name"Angli"fromtheLatinandcommonly-spoken,pre-5thCenturyGerman
mutatedintotheOldEnglish"Engle".Later,"Engle"changedto"Angel-cyn"
meaning"Angle-race"byA.D.1000,changingto"Engla-land".SomeOldEnglish
words,whichhavesurvivedintact,include:
feet,geese,teeth,men,women,lice,and
mice.Themodernword"like"canbeanoun,adjective,verb,andpreposition.In
OldEnglish,though,thewordwasdifferentforeachtype:
gelicaasanoun,geicas
anadjective,licianasaverb,andgeliceasapreposition.GerryKnowles135
Aboutinthe44AD,Angles,SaxonandJutesinvadedBritain.Thethreenation
foughtagainstthelocalCeltsforaboutoneandahalfcentury.Attheendofthe6th
centuryAD,CeltsinB
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