《大卫.docx
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《大卫.docx
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《大卫
AnAnalysisoftheMajorCharactersinDavidCopperfield
《大卫·科波菲尔》中主要人物的分析
摘要
《大卫·科波菲尔》是英国小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作,被称为他“心中最宠爱的孩子”。
它于1849至1850年间,分二十个部分逐月发表。
在这部具有强烈的自传色彩的小说里,狄更斯借用大卫自身的历史和经验,从不少方面回顾和总结了自己的生活道路,反应了他的人生哲学和道德理想。
小说通过主人公大卫一生的悲欢离合,多层次地揭示了当时社会的真实面貌,突出地表现了金钱对婚姻、家庭和社会的腐蚀作用。
在人物塑造上,大卫.科波菲尔无疑倾注了作者的全部心血。
不论是他孤儿时代所遭遇的种种磨难和辛酸,还是他成年后不屈不挠的奋斗,都表现了一个小人物在资本主义社会中寻求出路的痛苦历程。
经历了大苦大难后倡导人间幸福和温暖的大卫,靠的是他真诚、直率的品性,积极向上的精神,以及对人的纯洁友爱之心。
关键词:
大卫.科波菲尔;命运;正义;抗争
Abstract
“DavidCopperfield”istherepresentativeworkofBritishnovelistCharlesDickens,whichwasregardedasthemostbelovedchildrenbyhimselves.Ithasbeendividedinto20partspublishedeverymonthfrom1849to1850.Inthisstrongautobiographicalnovel,DickensborrowedDavid’sownhistoryandexperience,reviewedandsummeduphislifeexperience,reflectinghisphilosophyoflifeandmoralidealsfrommanyaspects.Thenovelrevealstherealappearanceofsocietyatthattimeatmulti-levelbyDavid’sjoysandsorrows,presentsthecorrosiveeffectofmoneyonmarriage,familyandsociety.TheauthordevotedallhiseffortstocreatethecharacterofDavidCopperfield.Asacommonpeople,whetherthehardshipsDavidCopperfieldexperiencedwhenhewasanorphanorhisindomitablestrugglewhenhewasgrownup,hasshownhispainfulofseekingawayoutofthecapitalistsociety.Afterexperiencedgreatsufferings,Davidadvocatedhappinessandwarmth,whichreliedonhissincere,forthrightcharacter,positivespirit,aswellasthepurelovetothehuman.
KeyWords:
DavidCopperfield;fate;justice;struggle
Contents
摘要I
AbstractII
1.Introduction1
2.LiteratureReviews3
2.1SomeScholars’ViewsontheNovel3
2.2MainViewsofDickens3
3.Background4
3.1HistoricalBackground4
3.2Thenovel’sBackground5
4.TheImageofmainCharactersinDavidCopperfield6
4.1TheImageofDavid6
4.1.1KindnessofDavidCopperfield6
4.1.2UnyieldingandDiligenceofDavidCopperfield6
4.1.3CrueltyandTendernessofDavidCopperfield7
4.2TheImageofOtherCharacters8
4.2.1HumanityandCharityofAuntBetsey8
4.2.2SensesandIntelligenceofAgnes8
4.2.3TheMeanandShamelessofUriahHeep9
5.CharlesDickensandHisDavidCopperfield9
6.Conclusion10
Bibliography12
Acknowledgements13
1.Introduction
Dickenswasthemainrepresentativeofrealistliteratureofthe19thcentury.Theartofwittywords,nuancedpsychologicalanalysisandrealismwerecombinedtogetherclosely.Hewasparticularlyfamousforhisvividcomiccharacterizationsandsocialcriticism.Hewasthefirstauthorwhohadwrittenthepoorwithfidelityandsympathy.HisworkswerefamousduringVictorianageandamongthegreatclassicsinallfiction.
DickenswasborninFebruary,1812,atLandport,Portsmouth.Hewasthesecondofeightchildren.Hisfatherwasaclerk,hardworkingbutimprudent,latercaricaturedasMr.MicawberinDavidCopperfield.In1822,thefamilymovedtoLondon,whereCharleshadtoleaveschooltohelpsupporthisimpoverishedfamily.In1824,hisfatherwasputintoprisonfordebt.Attheageof12,Dickenswassenttoworkatafactory.Hewrappedandlabeledfor6shillingsaweek.Afterwork,hewanderedthroughthestreetsofLondon,enthralledbythesightofthedockyards,thefilesofconvicts,andvastsectionsofthecityinhabitedbythepoor.Thesebitterdaysremainedinhismemoryandlaterfoundexpressioninhisworks.
Dickenswasabletoreturntoschoolwithasmallamountoflegacy.Ithelpedtoreleasehisfatherfromprison.HewasanavidreaderandspentmuchtimeinthereadingroomoftheBritishMuseumandlearntshort-hand.Helaterreturnedtoschoolforatime,thisexperienceleftapermanentmarkonthesoulofCharlesDickens.Evenmanyyearslater,afterhehadbecomeasuccessfulauthor,hecouldnotbeartotalkaboutit,orberemindedofhisfamily’signominy.
AttheageoffifteenDickensbeganworkingasanofficeboyforalawfirm.Hetaughthimselfandby1828hebecameareporterforcourtsofDoctors’Common.Thedullroutineofthelegalprofessionneverinterestedhim,sohebecameanewspaperreporterfortheMirrorofparliament,theTrueSun,andfinallyfortheMorningChronicle.(JohnForster,werelaterhisclosestfriendandbiographer,wasalsoemployedattheTrueSun.)Bytheageoftwenty,DickenswasoneofthebestparliamentaryreportersinallEngland.
DuringthissameperiodDickens’sinterestbegantoswitchfromjournalismtoliterature.Hisfirstfictionwork“DinneratPoplarWalk”(laterreprintedas“Mr.MinnsandHisCousin”),appearedintheMonthlyMagazinewhenhewastwenty-one.HisnewspaperworkhadgivenhimanintimateknowledgeofthestreetsandbywaysofLondon,andlatein1832hebeganwritingsketchesandstoriesofLondonlife.Theybegantoappearinperiodicalsandnewspapersin1833andin1836weregatheredtogetherassketchesbyBoz,IllustrationsofEverydaylife,andEverydayPeople.
Bythistime,Dickenswasenjoyingtheluxuriouslifehehaddreamedofasachild.In1850,hepublishedthelastinstallmentsofDavidCopperfield,apartlyautobiographicalnovelthatwashisfavorite.
In1858Dickens’twenty-three-yearmarriagetoCatherineHogarthdissolvedwhenhefellinlovewithEllenTernan,ayoungactress.Thelastyearsofhislifewerefilledwithintenseactivities:
writing,takingpartinmanagement,andundertakingtoursthatreinforcedthefavorableviewofhiswork,whichtookanenormoustollonhishealth.Workingfeverishlytothelast,DickenscollapsedanddiedonJune8,1870,leavingTheMysteryofEdwinDrooduncompleted
Charactersinthenovelgenerallybelongtothefollowingthreecategories:
thosewhohavedisciplinedhearts,thosewholackdisciplinedhearts,orthosewhodevelopdisciplinedheartsovertime.CharactersthatfallintothefirstcategoryincludethematureandcaringAgnesWickfieldandtheselflessandforgivingMr.Peggotty.Thegreedy,schemingUriahHeepandtheegotisticandinconsiderateJamesSteerforthareexamplesofcharactersthatbelonginthesecondcategory.MembersofthethirdcategoryincludeDavidCopperfieldhimself,wholearnstomakewiserchoicesinhisrelationshipsthroughpersonalexperience,andhisauntBetsyTrotwood,wholacksconsiderationforothersearlyon,butbecomeslessinconsiderateovertime.Dickensusescharactersandeventsthroughoutthenovelascomparisonsandcontrastsforeachotherintermsofwisdomanddiscipline.AgoodcomparisonisAgnesWickfieldandDoraSpenlow:
Doralacksmaturityandisunabletohandlestressfulsituations,oftenbreakingoutintears,whileAgnesremainscalmandcollectedevenwhentroubled,yieldingtoheremotionsonlyrarely.AnothergoodcomparisonisHamandMr.Peggotty,andMrs.SteerforthandMissDartle:
ThelattertwobecomedistraughtatthelossofSteerforth,allowingittotroublethemtheirwholelives,whiletheformertwobearthelossofEmilywithdignityandreservation.Despitethepremiseofthiswork,DickensdoesnotgiveDavidCopperfieldastifforunnaturalfeel,makingthisnovelasupremedisplayofhisgeniusatwork.
2.LiteratureReviews
2.1SomeScholars’ViewsontheNovel
ScholarsbelievethatDavidCopperfield’scareers,friendships,andlovelifeweremosthighlyinfluencedbyDickens’experiences,especiallywhenheworkedasachild.David’sinvolvementwiththelawprofessionandlaterhiscareerasawritermirrortheexperiencesofDickens.ManyofDavid’sfriendsarebasedonpeopleDickensactuallyknew,andDavid’swives,AgnesWickfieldandDora,arebelievedtobebaseduponDickens’attachmenttoMaryHogarth.Dickenskeenlyfelthislackofeducationduringhistimeatthatfactory,andaccordingtotheForsterbiography,itwasfromthesetimesthathedrewDavid’sworkingperiod.
Thesecharactersarenotrealisticandyetaboundinlife.ThereneverweresuchpeopleastheMicawbers,PegottyandBarkis,Traddles,BetseyTrotwoodandMr.Dick,UriahHeepandhismother.
Thestoryistoldalmostentirelyfromthepointofviewofthefirstpersonnarrator,DavidCopperfieldhimself,andwasthefirstDickensnoveltodoso.Dickensbasedthebookinpartonthedifficultearlyyearsofhisownlife.
2.2MainViewsofDickens
InfluencedbyCarlyle,Dickenslearned,asdidhisliterarycontemporaries,todirecthisfictiontoaquestioningofsocialprioritiesandinequalities,toadistrustofinstitutions,particularlydefunctormalfunctioningones,andtoapressingappealforactionandearnestness.Hewaspronetotakeupissues,andtocampaignagainstwhathesawasinjusticeordesuetude,usingfictionashisvehicle.Hewasnotaloneinthisinhisowntime,buthisnamecontinuestobepopularlyassociatedwithgoodcausesandwithremediesforsocialabusesbecausehewasquitethewittiestandhehavehadthemostpersuasive,andthemostinfluentialvoice.Dickenswasfaithfultotheteaching,andtothegeneraltheologicalframework,ofChristianityasamoralbasisforhisthought,hisactionandaboveall,forhiswriting,nevertheless.Criticawarenessthattherewassomethingdeeplywrongwiththesocietyinwhichhelivedsharpenedthenatureofhisfictionandgaveititsdistinctpoliticaledge.Dickens’novelsaremultifarious,digressiveandhumorous.
Inanimportantway,theyreflectthenatureofVictorianurbansocietywithallitsconflictsanddisharmonies,itseccentricitiesanditsconstrictions,itsenergyanditsextraordinaryfertility,bothphysicalandintellectual.Butthestandardpatterninhisnovelsisthebasicconflictbetweenmoneyontheonehand,andlovesontheother.Whatthisconflictusuallyrevealsisthatthepeoplewhohavegreatestlovefortheirfellowhumansarealso
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- 关 键 词:
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