ASTMA不锈钢零件化学钝化处理的标准规范.docx
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ASTMA不锈钢零件化学钝化处理的标准规范.docx
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ASTMA不锈钢零件化学钝化处理的标准规范
Designation:
A967–01e1
StandardSpecificationfor
ChemicalPassivationTreatmentsforStainlessSteelParts1
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA967;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearof
originaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.A
superscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.
e1NOTE—Paragraph3.1.1.5wasdeletededitoriallyinApril2002.Paragraph10.2wascorrectededitoriallyinApril2002.
1.Scope
1.1Thisspecificationcoversseveraldifferenttypesof
chemicalpassivationtreatmentsforstainlesssteelparts.It
includesrecommendationsandprecautionsfordescaling,
cleaning,andpassivationofstainlesssteelparts.Itincludes
severalalternativetests,withacceptancecriteria,forconfirma-
tionofeffectivenessofsuchtreatmentsforstainlesssteelparts.
1.2Practicesforthemechanicalandchemicaltreatmentsof
stainlesssteelsurfacesarediscussedmorethoroughlyin
PracticeA380.
1.3Severalalternativechemicaltreatmentsaredefinedfor
passivationofstainlesssteelparts.AppendixX1givessome
nonmandatoryinformationandprovidessomegeneralguide-
linesregardingtheselectionofpassivationtreatmentappropri-
atetoparticulargradesofstainlesssteelbutmakesno
recommendationsregardingthesuitabilityofanygrade,treat-
ment,andacceptancecriteriaforanyparticularapplicationor
classofapplications.
1.4Thetestsinthisspecificationareintendedtoconfirmthe
effectivenessofpassivation,particularlywithregardtothe
removaloffreeironandotherexogenousmatter.Thesetests
includethefollowingpractices:
1.4.1PracticeA—WaterImmersionTest,
1.4.2PracticeB—HighHumidityTest,
1.4.3PracticeC—SaltSprayTest,
1.4.4PracticeD—CopperSulfateTest,
1.4.5PracticeE—PotassiumFerricyanide–NitricAcidTest,
and
1.4.6PracticeF—FreeIronTest.
1.5Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
asthestandard.TheSIunitsgiveninparenthesesarefor
informationonly.
1.6Thefollowingprecautionarycaveatpertainsonlytothe
testmethodportions,Sections14through18ofthisspecifica-
tion:
Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafety
concerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibility
oftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyand
healthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatory
limitationspriortouse.
2.ReferencedDocuments
2.1ASTMStandards:
A380PracticeforCleaning,Descaling,andDepassivation
ofStainlessSteelParts,Equipment,andSystems2
B117PracticeforOperatingSaltSpray(Fog)Apparatus3
B254PracticeforPreparationofandElectroplatingon
StainlessSteel4
2.2FederalSpecification:
QQ-P-35CPassivationTreatmentsforCorrosion-Resistant
Steels5
3.Terminology
3.1DefinitionofTermSpecifictoThisStandard—Itis
necessarytodefinewhichoftheseveralcommonlyused
definitionsofthetermpassivationwillbeusedinthis
specification.(SeeDiscussion.)
3.1.1Discussion—Stainlesssteelsareautopassivatinginthe
sensethattheprotectivepassivefilmisformedspontaneously
onexposuretoairormoisture.Thepresenceofexogenous
surfacecontamination,includingdirt,grease,freeironfrom
contactwithsteeltooling,andsoforth,mayinterferewiththe
formationofthepassivefilm.Thecleaningofthesecontami-
nantsfromthestainlesssteelsurfacewillfacilitatethespon-
taneouspassivationbyallowingtheoxygenuniformaccessto
thesurface.Thepassivefilmmaybeaugmentedbychemical
treatmentsthatprovideanoxidizingenvironmentforthe
stainlesssteelsurface.
3.1.1.1Inthisspecification,passivation,unlessotherwise
specified,isdefinedasthechemicaltreatmentofastainless
steelwithamildoxidant,suchasanitricacidsolution,forthe
purposeoftheremovaloffreeironorotherforeignmatter,but
whichisgenerallynoteffectiveinremovalofheattintoroxide
scaleonstainlesssteel.Inthecaseofstainlesssteelswith
additionsofsulfurforthepurposeofimprovedmachinability,
1ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeA01onSteel,
StainlessSteel,andRelatedAlloysandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
A01.14onMethodsofCorrosionTesting.
CurrenteditionapprovedOct.10,2001.PublishedDecember2001.Originally
publishedasA967–96.LastprevioiuseditionA967–99.
2AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol01.03.
3AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol03.02.
4AnnualBookofASTMStandards,Vol02.05.
5AvailablefromSuperintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrinting
Office,Washington,DC20402.
Copyright©ASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959,UnitedStates.
1
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A967–01e1
passivationmayalsoincludetheremovalofsulfidesfromthe
surfaceofthemetalforthepurposeofmaximizingcorrosion
resistance.
3.1.1.2Theformationoftheprotectivepassivefilmona
stainlesssteel,alsocalledpassivationinamoregeneral
context,willoccurspontaneouslyinairorotheroxygen-
containingenvironmentwhenthestainlesssteelsurfaceisfree
ofoxidescaleandexogenousmatter.
3.1.1.3Chemicaltreatments,suchassodiumdichromate
solutions,mayfacilitatethemorerapidformationofthe
passivefilmonastainlesssteelsurfacealreadyfreeofscaleor
foreignmatter.Suchtreatments,alsosometimescalledpassi-
vationincommonusage,aredesignatedaspost-cleaning
treatmentsinthisspecificationinordertodistinguishthem
fromchemicaltreatmentscapableofremovingfreeironfrom
stainlesssteels.
3.1.1.4Thechemicaltreatmentscapableofremovingheat
tintoroxidescalefromstainlesssteelandcapableofdissolving
thestainlesssteelitself,typicallycalledpickling,aresubstan-
tiallymoreaggressivethantreatmentsusedforpassivation,as
definedin3.1.1.1.Thesurfaceofstainlesssteelthathasbeen
pickledisfreeofscale,freeiron,andexogenousforeign
matter,anddoesnotrequireaseparatetreatmentforpassiva-
tionasdefinedin3.1.1.1.Thepassivationprocessdefinedin
3.1.1.2willoccurwithoutfurtherchemicaltreatmentbutmay
beaugmentedandimprovedbythepost-cleaningtreatments
definedin3.1.1.3.
3.1.1.5Electrochemicaltreatments,includingelectropick-
lingandelectropolishingcapableofremovingheattintoroxide
scalefromstainlesssteelandcapableofdissolvingthestainless
steelitself,aresubstantiallymoreaggressivethantreatments
usedforpassivation,asdefinedin3.1.1.1.Thesurfaceof
stainlesssteelresultingfromthesetreatmentsisfreeofscale,
freeiron,andexogenousforeignmatter,anddoesnotrequirea
separatetreatmentforpassivationasdefinedin3.1.1.1.The
passivationprocessdefinedin3.1.1.2willoccurwithout
furtherchemicaltreatment,butmaybeaugmentedandim-
provedbythepost-cleaningtreatmentsdefinedin3.1.1.3.
Statementsregardingchemicaltreatments,unlessotherwise
specified,aretakentoincludeelectrochemicaltreatments.
4.OrderingInformation
4.1Itistheresponsibilityofthepurchasertospecifyatest
practiceappropriatetoanyparticularmaterialandapplication.
Thisspecificationwaswrittenforthepurposeofprovidingan
alternativetoUnitedStatesFederalSpecificationQQ-P-35C.
Determinationofthesuitabilityofthisspecificationforthat
purposeistheresponsibilityofthepurchaser.
4.2Unlessspecifiedbythepurchaser,thechemicaltreat-
mentappliedtothestainlesssteelpartsshallbeselectedbythe
sellerfromamongthelistedpassivationtreatments.
5.MaterialsandPreparationforPassivationTreatments
5.1Thepassivationtreatmentsshallbeofoneormoreofthe
followingtypes.Theeffectivenessofaparticulartreatmentfor
aparticulargradeofstainlesssteelinaparticularapplicationis
demonstratedbymeetingthespecifiedtestingrequirements:
5.1.1Treatmentsinnitricacid,
5.1.2Treatmentsincitricacid,
5.1.3Otherchemicaltreatments,includingelectrochemical
treatments,
5.1.4Neutralization,and
5.1.5Post-cleaningtreatments.
5.2Materials:
5.2.1Thechemicalsusedforpassivationtreatmentsshall
producepassivatedsurfacesthatmeettherequirementsofone
ormoreofthetestsofthisspecification.Attentionshallbe
giventomaintainingadequatevolume,concentration,purity,
andtemperaturecontrolappropriatetothesizeandamountof
stainlesssteeltobetreated.
5.2.2Theprocessorshallmaintainarecordwithregardto
concentrationandtemperatureofthepassivationsolution
sufficienttodemonstratethatthespecifiedpassivationcondi-
tionsweremaintainedforeachlotofstainlesssteelparts
processed.Suchrecordsshallbeavailableforinspectionwhen
specifiedinthepurchaseorder.Theprocessorisnotrequiredto
revealtheprecisecompositionofproprietarychemicalmix-
turesbutshallmaintainauniqueidentificationofthemixture
thatwillensureitsaccuraterepresentationforsubsequentuse.
5.2.3Theprocessorshallberesponsibleforthesafedis-
posalofallmaterialgeneratedbythisprocess.
5.3PreparationforPassivationTreatments:
5.3.1Thepretreatmentmethodsandproceduresusedprior
tothepassivationtreatment,includingmechanicalandchemi-
calmethods,singlyorincombination,fordescalingand
pickling,shallbeinaccordancewithPracticeA380.When
electrochemicalcleaningisrequired,itshallbeperformedin
accordancewithPracticeB254.
5.3.2
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