现在完成时被动语态.docx
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现在完成时被动语态.docx
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现在完成时被动语态
现在完成时被动语态
1.Of the six people injured in the crash, only two ________(survival).
2.The film is too ________(violence) to be shown to children.
3.He’s always been ________(surround) by people who love and respect him deeply.
4.The company ________(遭受) huge economic losses last year.
5.To our ________(遗憾), our application has been turned down.
6.Cycling is of great ________(利益) to health and the environment.
7.I had to c________ against 19 other people for the job.
8.The king d________ a speech on television to the nation on November 5.
9.In the market dealers were b________ with growers over the price of the coffee.
10.He i________ all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.
【答案】1.survived 2.violent 3.surrounded 4.suffered 5.regret 6.benefit 7.compete 8.delivered 9.bargaining 10.ignored
【解析】
1.考查词形转换。
句意:
在这次事故中受伤的6人中,只有2人幸存。
句子缺少谓语动词,且此处指过去的事情,故答案为survived。
2.考查词形转换。
句意:
这部电影太暴力了,不能给孩子们看。
be动词后用形容词作表语,此处violence“暴力”,是名词,其形容词是violent,故答案为violent。
3.考查现在完成时态的被动语态。
句意:
他总是被深爱和尊重他的人包围着。
此处句子用现在完成时态的被动语态,has been已经给出,故答案为surrounded。
4.考查一般过去时态。
句意:
这家公司去年遭受了巨大的经济损失。
根据last year可知,句子用一般过去时态,故答案为suffered。
5.考查名词。
句意:
很遗憾,我们的申请被拒绝了。
固定搭配:
to one’s regret使某人遗憾的是。
故答案为regret。
6.考查名词。
句意:
骑自行车对健康和环境有很大的好处。
固定搭配:
be of great benefit to“对……有大的好处”。
此处用名词形式,故答案为benefit。
7.考查动词不定式。
句意:
我不得不和另外19个人竞争这份工作。
固定搭配:
have to do sth.“不得不做某事”;compete against“与……竞争”。
故答案为compete。
8.考查一般过去时态。
句意:
11月5日,国王在电视上向全国发表讲话。
固定用法:
deliver a speech“发表演讲”。
根据on November 5可知,句子用一般过去时态,故答案为delivered。
9.考查过去进行时态。
句意:
在市场上,商人们正在和种植者们就咖啡的价格讨价还价。
结合句意可知,此处用过去进行时态,bargain with sb.“与某人讨价还价”。
故答案为bargaining。
10.考查一般过去时态。
句意:
他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的标志,点燃了一支香烟。
句子用一般过去时态,结合首字母和句意可知答案为ignored。
11.He said that he had ________(探索)the North Pole.
12.I knew German well enough to read it ________(流畅地).
13.The railway ________(轨道) are now useless pieces of steel.
14.In my __________(观点), everyone, whether rich or poor, is born equal.
15.It’s an ________(非正式的)party, so you can wear jeans tonight.
16.As ordinary people, we all have our own likes and __________(不喜欢).
17.I’m glad that my friend, Mary has been ________(录取)to a key university.
18.The coach will select top athletes and _______(替换)the injured with them.
19.Computer programming needs someone with a ________(合逻辑的)mind.
20.In my spare time, I enjoy __________(骑自行车) together with my friends.
【答案】11.explored 12.fluently 13.tracks 14.opinion 15.informal 16.dislikes 17.admitted
18.replace 19.logical 20.cycling
【解析】
11.考查动词时态。
句意:
他说他已经探索过北极了。
根据其前助动词had可知,此处应用过去完成时态,故用过去分词形式,填explored。
12.考查副词用法。
句意:
我德语很好,能读的很流畅。
分析句子结构可知,此处修饰动词read,用副词形式,故填fluently。
13.考查名词复数。
句意:
铁轨现在都是废钢。
根据谓语动词are可知,主语用复数形式,故填tracks。
14.考查固定短语。
句意:
在我看来,每个人,无论贫富,生来平等。
in one’s opinion“在某人看来”,故填opinion。
15.考查形容词作定语。
句意:
这是一个非正式的聚会,所以你今晚可以穿牛仔裤。
根据其后的名词可知此处用形容词作定语,故填informal。
16.考查固定短语。
句意:
作为普通人,我们都有自己的好恶。
likes and dislikes为固定短语,意为“喜好和厌恶”,故填dislikes。
17.考查被动语态。
句意:
我很高兴我的朋友玛丽被一所重点大学录取了。
根据句意可知,Mary与动词admit之间为被动关系,故填过去分词,与has been构成被动语态,故填admitted。
18.考查谓语动词。
句意:
教练将挑选最优秀的运动员来代替受伤的运动员。
由其前and可知,此处应用动词原形与select并列,与助动词will构成复合谓语,故填replace。
19.考查形容词作定语。
句意:
计算机编程需要有逻辑思维的人。
a logical mind“一个合逻辑的思维”。
logical在此处作定语,修饰名词mind,故填logical。
20.考查非谓语动词。
句意:
在我的业余时间,我喜欢和我的朋友一起骑自行车。
动词enjoy后跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式,故填cycling。
语法专题(现在完成时被动语态)
现在完成时的被动语态表示“现在已经被完成的动作”。
常与一些副词连用,如already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等,通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面,有时候也可以放在句末。
也可以表示“一个从过去某个时间开始,持续到现在,并可能延续下去的被做的动作”。
常用的时间状语有:
for+一段时间,since+时间点/从句,
in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days, ever since, so far, up to now,
in recent years等连用。
一. 现在完成时被动语态的构成
1.肯定形式:
主语+has/ have been+过去分词
The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。
Many new buildings have been built since 2018. 自从2018年,许多新的大楼被建成。
2. 否定形式:
主语+has/ have not been+过去分词
The car has not been repaired yet. 这辆汽车还没有修好。
These books have not been published. 这些书还没有被出版。
3. 疑问形式:
Has/have+主语+been+过去分词?
Has his bike been repaired?
他的自行车修好了吗?
Have the machines been used for a long time?
这机器使用很久了吗?
二.现在完成时被动语态的用法
1.表示现在已经被完成的动作。
常用的时间状语有:
already, yet, just, never, ever, lately, recently, twice等, 通常把副词放在助动词have或 has的后面,有时候也可以放在句末。
Some flowers have already been watered by Li Ming. 一些花已经被李明浇了。
Has the Wi-Fi password been confirmed yet?
Wi-Fi 密码被验证了吗?
Recently his novel has been translated into many foreign languages?
最近,他的小说被翻译成好几种外语。
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,持续到现在,并可能继续延续下去的被做的动作。
常用的时间状语有:
for+一段时间,since+时间点/从句,
in/ for/over/during the last / past few years/months/weeks/days,
ever since, so far, up to now,
in recent years等连用。
Much useful information about these planets has been collected since 1971. 自从1971年关于这些行星的许多有用的信息已经被收集。
Computer science has been taught in all universities for many years. 所有的大学开计算机课程已经很多年了。
Up to now, no news has been received from her.
到现在,还没有收到她的消息。
练习题:
21.So far, much ________ (do) to meet the reasonable demands of patients for health care and improve the overall development of hospitals. (用所给单词适当形式填空)
【答案】has been done
【详解】考查时态和语态。
句意:
到目前为止,为了满足患者对医疗保健的合理需求,提高医院的整体发展,已经做了很多工作。
根据时间状语so far可知,句子时态为现在完成时,主语much和谓语动词do构成被动关系且为第三人称单数,故填has been done。
22.Ten thousand dollars ____________ (spend) on this project so that we can enjoy a more beautiful campus. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been spent
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。
句意:
为了让我们能享受一个更美丽的校园,已经在这个项目上花费了一万美元。
表示到现在为止已经在这个项目上花费了一万美元,用现在完成时。
又主语Ten thousand dollars和动词spend是被动关系,空处用现在完成时的被动。
表示金钱的Ten thousand dollars作主语,谓语用单数。
综上,故填has been spent。
23.It is the first time that I______ (invite) to give a lecture to the children. (用所给单词适当形式填空)
【答案】have been invited
【详解】考查动词时态语态。
句意:
这是我第一次受邀给孩子们演讲。
在“It is the first time+that... ”结构中,从句要求用现在完成时,此处从句中主语I与谓语动词invte构成被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为I,助动词用have。
故填have been invited。
24.A series of lectures _________(be) scheduled. (用所给单词适当形式填空)
【答案】has been/ was
【详解】考查动词时态语态。
句意:
一系列演讲被安排了。
分析句子可知,设空处是谓语动词,结合句意,“schedule”这一动作已经发生,用一般过去时,或者表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响和结果,用现在完成时;主语A series of lectures与谓语动词schedule是被动关系,用被动语态;A series of修饰名词作主语,谓语动词与A series保持一致,用单数,故填has been/was。
25.Costs______________(reduce) by 20% over the past years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been reduced
【详解】考查动词时态语态。
句意:
在过去的几年中,成本已经降低了20%。
根据后文over the past years可知应用现在完成时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为costs,助动词应用have。
故填have been reduced。
26.The car______(adapt)to take unleaded gas (无铅汽油) so far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been adapted
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。
句意:
到目前为止,这个汽车已经适应了无铅汽油。
分析句子可知,句中“so far”,到目前为止,与现在完成时连用,所以句中时态为现在完成时,且主语是单数名词,谓语要用第三人称单数形式,又动词与主语是被动关系,故填has been adapted。
27.A number of high buildings ________(build)where there was nothing a year ago . (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been built
【详解】
考查时态。
句意:
一年前什么都没有的地方现在建起了许多高楼。
此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,需要用现在完成时态,主语是high buildings,谓语动词也要用复数形式,主谓之间是被动关系,需要用现在完成时的被动语态,故填have been built。
28.Over the past several years, I____________(inspire)to get close to nature and learn from experience.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been inspired
【详解】考查被动语态和主谓一致。
句意:
在过去的几年里,我受到启发去亲近自然,从经验中学习。
根据时间状语Over the past several years可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态,因为是被受到启发,所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态的被动语态:
has/have been done,主语是第一人称,所以助动词需用have。
故填have been inspired。
29.Preserving the Ming and Qing Tombs___________(give)serious attention in recent decades. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has been given
【详解】考查时态和语态。
句意:
近几十年来,明清墓葬的保护受到了人们的高度重视。
分析句子可知,设空处为谓语,时间状语是in recent decades,应用现在完成时,主语和谓语之间为被动关系,应用被动结构,主语是动名词,应用第三人称单数,故填has been given。
30.More than one spelling mistake ______ (find) in his English homework. (用所给单词适当形式填空)
【答案】was found/ has been found
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。
句意:
在他的英语作业中发现不止一个拼写错误。
此处可表示过去发生的事情,使用一般过去时,也可使用现在完成时,表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响,主语mistake和谓语动词find为被动关系,一般过去时被动语态的基本构成形式是:
was/were+done,现在完成时被动语态的基本构成形式是:
has/have+done,more than one修饰单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。
故填was found/ has been found。
阅读理解(完形填空)
Two weeks ago my grandfather passed away. It really put me into deep 31 because my grandfather held a unique position in my life. For me, my grandpa was not only a 32 family member but a tutor (导师) who encouraged me to work hard and 33 well.
I’ll never forget the first time I read a long piece of his writing. It was when I 34 for Princeton and he offered to write to the university on my behalf. He wrote in beautiful 35 and used poetic language, unafraid of sounding too “flowery”. I read the 36 out loud so that I could hear the rhyming sounds.
My grandfather 37 hard work. Every time he came to visit us in New York, he would 38 my brothers and me for our good performance, which inspired me. I knew he had worked hard to 39 the big family during the Great Depression. He was awarded many military 40 for winning many battles in the Navy in World War Ⅱ.
At the funeral, a friend of my grandfather’s walked to me and said that my grandfather had told him about a small 41 I had written. After it came out, I sent it to my grandfather 42 received no reply. This man told me that my book hit my grandfather’s 43 and brought tears to his eyes. My grandfather said he was so 44 of me.
Now I feel it’s even more worthwhile to write well because I know my grandfather 45 it. I know he lives in my heart forever.
31.A.excitement B.sorrow C.disappointment D.fun
32.A.beloved B.strict C.strange D.common
33.A.read B.study C.behave D.write
34.A.registered B.went C.applied D.turned
35.A.symbols B.envelopes C.characters D.pages
36.A.letter B.word C.language D.poem
37.A.demanded B.valued C.ignored D.deserved
38.A.instruct B.blame C.lecture D.praise
39.A.survive B.raise C.affect D.grow
40.A.medals B.champions C.rewards D.prizes
41.A.story B.poem C.article D.book
42.A.so B.but C.and D.or
43.A.brain B.heart C.eye D.ear
44.A.confident B.frightened C.proud D.amazed
45.A.remembered B.declared C.appreciated D.realized
【答案】31.B 32.A 33.D 34.C 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.B 40.A
41.D 42.B 43.B 44.C 45.C
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
本文主要讲述了爷爷对我的影响。
31.考查名词词义辨析。
句意:
这真的让我非常悲伤,因为我的祖父在我的生命中占有独特的地位。
A. excitement激动;B. sorrow悲伤;C. disappointment失望;D. fun乐趣。
由句意“我的祖父在我的生命中占有独特的地
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