六级阅读.docx
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六级阅读.docx
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六级阅读
For investors who desire low risk and guaranteed income, U.S. government bonds are a secure investment because these bonds have the financial backing and full faith and credit of the federal government. Municipal bonds, also secure, are offered by local governments and often have 36 such as tax-free interest. Some may even be __37 . Corporate bonds are a bit more risky.
Two questions often 38 first-time corporate bond investors. The first is “if I purchase a corporate bond, do I have to hold it until the maturity date?
” The answer is no. Bonds are bought and sold daily on 39 securities exchanges. However, if you decide to sell your bond before its maturity date, you’re not guaranteed to get the face value of the bond. For example, if your bond does not have 40 that make it attractive to other investors, you may be forced to sell your bond at a 41 , i.e., a price less than the bond’s face value. But if your bond is highly valued by other investors, you may be able to sell it at a premium, i.e., a price above its face value. Bond prices generally 42 inversely(相反地)with current market interest rates. As interest rates go up, bond prices fall, and vice versa(反之亦然). Thus, like all investments, bonds have a degree of risk.
The second question is “How can I 43 the investment risk of a particular bond issue?
” Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s Investors Service rate the level of risk of many corporate and government bonds. And 44 , the higher the market risk of a bond, the higher the interest rate. Investors will invest in a bond considered risky only if the 45 return is high enough.
A) advantages
B) assess
C) bother
D) conserved
E) deduction
F) discount
G) embarrass
H) features
I) fluctuate
J) indefinite
K) insured
L) major
M) naturally
N) potential
O) simultaneously
【答案与解析】
36. A) advantages
【解析】这里应该填入名词,such as是举例,例子后面是免税,是政府债券的好处。
此处答案应该表示好处。
答案为A。
37. K) insured
【解析】be后面应该跟动词的过去分词形式。
这里仍然是讲政府债券的好处,因此答案为K)被担保的,体现其低风险的特点。
38. C) bother
【解析】主语是复数,questions,时态often应该是一般现在时,应该是动词原形。
结合文意,应该选C) bother(困扰)。
39. H) major
【解析】空后是证券交易市场,前面应该是形容词。
major(主要的)为最佳选项。
40. A) features
【解析】这里应该名词,后面的make是原形,应该是复数名词。
唯一符合该条件的是features(特征,特点)。
41. F) discount
【解析】i.e.后面说售出价格比债券票面价值低,应该是打折出售,低价出售,at a discount是固定搭配,表示打折。
42. I) fluctuate
【解析】空中应该是动词原形,表示和市场利率方向变化,选能表示变化的词即可。
43. B) assess
【解析】单词在一个问句中。
随后的回答中两家公司为投资的风险评价等级,因此空中应该是评估投资风险。
44. M) naturally
【解析】应该填入一个副词,naturally表示“当然了,那还用说”的意思。
45. N) potential
【解析】这里应该填入一个形容词,前一句话提到风险越高,回报越高,因此潜在的汇报足够高时消费者才会投资高风险的项目。
【参考译文】
对于那些想要低风险和有保障的收入的投资者而言,美国国债是很安全的投资。
因为这些国债有着经济后盾以及联邦政府的充足信用。
地方政府债券也同样安全,它由地方政府发放,经常有点好处,比如免税。
有些政府债券甚至有担保。
公司的债券风险就则会高一点。
有两个问题经常困扰第一次投资公司债券的投资者。
第一个是“如果我购买了公司债券,我需要一直持有债券到到期日么?
”答案是否定的。
债券每天都会在主要的证券交易市场进行买卖。
但是,如果你决定要在到期日之前卖掉债券,你就不一定得到债券的票面价值。
譬如说,你的债券缺乏吸引其他投资者的特点,你可能就会被迫打折卖掉股票,也就是以一个低于债券票面价值的价格卖掉它。
但是如果你的债券被其他投资者看好,你可以以高价卖掉它,也就是比票面价值更高的价格。
债券价格通常与实时市场利率的波动相反。
当利率上升的时候,债券价格会下降,反之亦然。
因此,就像所有的投资品一样,债券也有一定的风险。
第二个问题是“我该如何评估特定债券的投资风险?
”标准普尔和穆迪投资公司为许多公司和政府债券的投资风险评级。
当然了,股票的市场风险越高,投资回报率就越高。
对于被认为有风险的债券,只有当它的潜在回报足够高时,投资者们才会对它进行投资。
仔细阅读
Passage One
Texting has long been bemoaned(哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn’t writing at all. It’s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.
First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first, writing is just a craft that came alone later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one:
“The whole engagement lasted above 12hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and …”.
No one talks like that casually—or should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do—and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Take LOL. It doesn’t actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “Where have you been?
” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does something—conveying an attitude—just like the – ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.
Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts—meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.
Civilization, then, is fine—people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and texting—quick, casual and only intended to be read once—is actually a way of talking with your fingers.
56. What do critics say about texting?
A) It is mainly confined to youngsters.
B) It competes with traditional writing.
C) It will ruin the written language.
D) It is often hard to understand.
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】根据题干中的critics定位到文章的第一段第一句话(Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it.)。
选项C对应这句话中的the downfall of the written word,所以选择C选项。
57. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?
A) It is crafted with specific skills.
B) It expresses ideas more accurately.
C) It does not have as long a history.
D) It is not as easy to comprehend.
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】根据题干中的writing is different from talking我们定位到了第二段第五句话(However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow.)。
这句话中包含了六级阅读常考考点:
转折处。
从deliverate这个词来看,与B选项表达中的accurately最接近,所以最佳选项为B选项。
58. Why is LOL much used in texting?
A) It brings texters closer to each other.
B) It shows the texter’s sophistication.
C) It is a trendy way to communicate.
D) It adds to the humor of the text.
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】根据题干中的LOL我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话(LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality.)。
这句话的意思是:
LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感,以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉。
那么“同感”就对应这选项A中的closer to each other。
所以最佳选项为A选项。
59. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show__________.
A) the difference between writing and talking
B) how differently words are used in texting
C) why people use the words the way they do
D) the gradual change of word meaning
【参考答案】D
【答案解析】这道题属于例证题。
基本的解题理论是:
例子是证明观点的。
根据题干中的meat and silly我们定位到第六段第二句话(Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts—meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.)。
这句话的观点在前面部分,即the meaning of a word or an expression drifts。
Drift对应着D选项中的change。
60. What does the author think of texting?
A) It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.
B) It is a new form of verbal communication.
C) It deteriorates people’s composition skills.
D) It hastens the decline of the written word.
【参考答案】B
【答案解析】这道题属于主旨题。
文章第一段最后一句话:
It’s a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year. 以及最后一段最后一句话:
Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and texting—quick, casual and only intended to be read once—is actually a way of talking with your fingers.。
这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落,表达的意思可以和B选项构成同义的关系。
所以最佳选项是B选项。
【参考译文】
长久以来短信都被哀叹为书面语衰退的罪魁祸首,正如一位评论家称其为“文盲的书法。
”对此我们最恰如其分的反应就是LOL(网络语:
大笑标志)。
短信确实完全不用书写,实际上它更接近于口语。
并且这门“口”语在随着时间的推移变得越来越丰富多彩和复杂多端。
首先,从历史上看。
文字仅仅出现于5500年以前,而语言大概可以追溯至少有80000年历史。
所以呢,首先出现话语,文字只是随后产生的工具。
如此一来,世界上第一个文字就基于人们说话的方式,以短句子产生。
然而,说话大部分是潜意识的产物并且迅速,文字则精致且缓慢。
随着时间的流逝,作家利用此优势,开始玩转出冗长的句子,诸如这句话:
“整场交战持续了大约两小时,直到波斯人逐步的的撤退变为混乱的战斗,羞耻一幕都被其主要领导人所赐。
没有人喜欢那样说话随便。
但在特殊的场合中这样说话是很自然的想法。
在以前,我们不太喜欢想说话那样写字,因为没有一个复制的机制能跟得上说的速度。
但是,短信和即时消息可以做到,这场革命已经开始了。
它涉及到简单的写作方法,但从经济,自发性甚至粗俗程度上看,发短信实际上是一种新的谈话形式,有其自己的一种语法和习惯。
比如说LOL这个符号。
这并不意味着“大笑”的字面意义了。
LOL已经演变成更微妙的和复杂的含义,甚至用于一些不是特别有趣的情况。
乔斯林给朋友发信息说“你去哪儿了?
”和安娜贝尔回信息说:
“哈哈,在图书馆学了两个小时。
”LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感,以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉。
它已经不是一个字面上的意义,而是传递一种态度,就像–ed结尾传递的是过去式而不是“含义”的东西了。
LOL竟然是语法了。
当然,没有人有意识的认为这样。
但是大部分沟通工作并没有被发现。
随着时间的推移,单词或单词表达的意思在变化——肉这个词过去用来指任何一种食物,当然不管你信不信,愚蠢这一词用来表示祝福。
文明生活是好的。
人们点击他们的智能手机,流利的使用着和不同于实际写作的代码,并且没有证据表明短信毁了写作技巧。
全世界的人都说着不同于他们书写方式的话语,短信很快捷,随意,目的就是为了读取,所以这一方式其实就是一种用手指在说话的过程。
Passage Two
It’s possible to admire Oprah Winfry and still wish Harvard hadn’t awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement(毕业典礼) speakers spot at yesterday’s graduation. There’s no question Oprah’s achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the world’s most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.
Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard’s list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto (座右铭)
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