包装技术基础1.pptx
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包装技术基础1.pptx
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包装技术基础FundamentalsofPackagingTechnology,编著:
陈满儒教授,Unitone,perspectiveonpackaging第一单元透视包装,Lesson1,AHistoryofPackaging第1课包装发展史,WhatisPackaging?
1.AdefinitionofpackagingPackagingisbestdescribedasacoordinatedsystemofpreparinggoodsfortransport,distribution,storage,retailing,anduseofthegoods2.Themanythingsapackagemightbeaskedtodo-Packagingisacomplex,dynamic,scientific,artistic,andcontroversialbusinessfunction-Fundamentalfunctionofpackaging:
containprotects/preservestransportsinforms/sells.,WhatisPackaging?
Packagingfunctionsrangefromtechnicalonestomarketingorientedones(Figure1.1).TechnicalFunctionsMarketingFunctionscontainmeasurecommunicatepromoteprotectdispensedisplaysellpreservestoreinformmotivateFigure1.1PackagingencompassesfunctionsrangingfromthepurelytechnicaltothosethataremarketinginnatureTechnicalpackagingprofessionalsneedscienceandengineeringskills,whilemarketingprofessionalsneedartisticandmotivationalunderstanding.,WhatisPackaging?
3.Howpackagingchangestomeetsocietysneeds-Packagingisnotarecentphenomenon.-Packagingisanactivitycloselyassociatedwiththeevolutionofsocietyand,canbetracedbacktohumanbeginnings.-Thenature,degree,andamountofpackagingatanystageofasocietysgrowthreflecttheneeds,culturalpatterns,materialavailabilityandtechnologyofthatsociety.-Astudyofpackagingschangingrolesandformsoverthecenturiesisastudyofthegrowthofcivilization.-Socialchangesareinevitablyreflectedinthewaywepackage,deliverandconsumegoods.,WhatisPackaging?
Untilthe1950s,motoroilwasdeliveredinbulktoservicestations,whichinturnmeasureditinto1-quartglassjars;premeasuredoilinmetalcans;-Now,milkdeliveryfromglassbottlestoavarietyofplainandasepticpapercartons,plasticbottlesandflexiblebags;-Tomorrow,howoilormilkwillbedelivered?
-environmentallyacceptablepackaging(minimalwaste)-choicesofpetrochemicals,woodpulp,andmetalgoverned-thewaywebuyandconsumeoilormilk-milkdeliveredinrefillablealuminumcans?
PrimitivePackaging,1.Theoriginsofpackaging-Wedontknowwhatthefirstpackagewas,butwecancertainlyspeculate.-Primitivehumans:
nomadichunter/gatherers,livedofftheland.Socialgroupingsrestrictedtofamilyunits.-Theywouldhavebeensubjecttothegeographicalmigrationsofanimalsandtheseasonalavailabilityofplantfood.-Suchanextremenomadicexistencedoesnotencouragepropertyaccumulationbeyondwhatcanbecarriedononesback.,PrimitivePackaging,-Primitivepeopleneededcontainmentandcarryingdevices,andoutofthisneedcamethefirst“package”.-awrapofleaves;-ananimalskin;-theshellofanutorgourd;-anaturallyhollowpieceofwood;-thefire-bearerandthe“packaging”offire.,PrimitivePackaging,2.Howpackagingchangedassocialstructureschanged-5000B.C.,domesticatedplantsandanimals.-areasonablefoodsupplyinagivenvicinity;-evolutionarystage:
supportedlargersocialgroups,gavebirthtosmalltribalvillages;-storageandtransportcontainersneededformilk,honey,seedgrains,nuts,anddriedmeat;-villageswithaccesstodifferentresourcestradedwiththeirneighbors,requiringtransportcontainers;-About250B.C.,theGreekcity-stateperiod,lawthataffectedpackagingenacted,PrimitivePackaging,3.Earlypackagingmaterials-fabricatedsacks,baskets,andbags,madefrommaterialsofplantoranimalorigin;woodboxesreplacedhollowlogs;aclaybowl,thefire-driedclaypots(thepotteryandceramictrade).4.Thediscoveryofglass-By2500B.C.,ahardinertsubstanceinthefiresremains;glassbeadsandfiguresmadeinMesopotamia(todaysIraq).-About1500B.C.,theearliesthollowglassobjectsappearedinMesopotamiaandEgypt.,PrimitivePackaging,-Glasscontainers,theancientpackagingmaterials,core-formedancientEgyptianglasscontainers(Figure1.2).,Figure1.2Formingahollowglassvesselaroundacore,FromRomeToTheRenaissance,1.Howpackagingchangedassocialstructureschanged-Manysocietalchangesleadingtothecorrespondingchangesinpackaging:
mostlythequalityandquantityofexistingpackagingpractices.2.Theinventionoftheglassblowpipe,woodbarrels-TheRomansinabout50B.C.,theglassblowpipe;-Theblowpipesinventionbroughtglassoutofnoblehouseholdsandtemples;-ThefirstwoodenbarrelappearedpossiblyintheAlpineregionsofEurope,oneofthemostcommonpackagingformsformanycenturies.,FromRomeToTheRenaissance,3.TheDarkAges-TheDarkAges:
withtheRomanEmpirescollapseinabout450A.D.,Europereducedtominorcity-statesmanyestablishedartsandcraftsforgottenorstagnant,the600yearsfollowingthefallofRomebeingsodevoidofsignificantchangethathistoriansrefertothemastheDarkAges.4.Thediscoveryofpaper-InChina,TsaiLuniscreditedwithmakingthefirsttruepaperfromtheinnerbarkofmulberrytrees.Thename“paper”giventotheChineseinventionmadeofmattedplantfibers.,FromRomeToTheRenaissance,5.Ancientprinting-In768,theoldestexistingprintedobjects(JapaneseBuddhistcharms);in868,theoldestexistingbook(theDiamondSutra)printed,foundinTurkistan.6.TheRenaissance-Inabout1100,theEuropeanawoken,neglectedcraftsrevitalized,theartsrevivedandtradeincreased,bythe1500s,theartofprintingborn.-Fundamentalsocialstructuresnotchangedsignificantly:
-livedofftheland-typicallyasserfs,FromRomeToTheRenaissance,-atewhattheyraised,foundorcaught-consumerneeds:
nonexistent-manufacturingwasstrictlyacustombusiness-packages:
personallycrafted,valuableutensils,andrarelydisposableinthemannerofamodernpackage-sincetherebeingnoretailtrade,conceptsofmarketing,advertising,pricestructuresanddistributionbeingirrelevant-populationlevelsbeingnotlargeenoughtosupportmassproduction,TheIndustrialRevolution,1.TheI.R.definition-TheI.R.startedinEnglandinabout1700andspreadrapidlythroughEuropeandNorthAmerica.-TheIndustrialRevolution:
thechangethattransformsapeoplewithpeasantoccupationsandlocalmarketsintoanindustrialsocietywithworld-wideconnections.-Thisnewtypeofsocietymakesgreatuseofmachineryandmanufacturesgoodsonalargescaleforgeneralconsumption.,TheIndustrialRevolution,2.CharacteristicsoftheIndustrialRevolutionRuralagriculturalworkersmigratedintocities,whereemployedinfactories.Inexpensivemass-producedgoodsavailabletoalargesegmentofthepopulation;theconsumersocietyborn.Factoryworkersneededcommoditiesandfood,previouslyproducedlargelyathome.Manynewshopsandstoresopenedtoselltothenewlyevolvingworkingclass.Bynecessity,someindustrieslocatedinnonagriculturalareas,requiringthatallfoodbetransportedintothegrowingurbansettings.,TheIndustrialRevolution,3.Thedramaticchangesinhowwelived-Thechangesincreasedthedemandforbarrels,boxes,kegs,baskets,andbagstotransportthenewconsumercommoditiesandtobringgreatquantitiesoffoodintothecities.-Thefledglingpackagingindustryitselfhadtomechanize.-Necessarytodevisewaysofpreservingfoodbeyonditsnaturalbiologicallife.,TheEvolutionofNewPackagingRoles,1.HowtheIndustrialRevolutionaffectedpackagingTheevolutionofsellingandinformingasvitalpackagingroles-Bulkpackagingwastherule,withthebarrelbeingtheworkhorseofthepackagingindustry.-Flour,apples,biscuits,molasses,gunpowder,whiskey,nailsandwhaleoiltransportedinbarrels.-Packagingservedprimarilytocontainandprotect.-IndividualpackagingbeingoflittleimportanceuntiltheIndustrialRevolutionspurredthegrowthofcities.2.Thefirstpackagedretailproducts-Medicines,cosmetics,teas,liquorsandotherexpensiveproducts;“apaperofpins”.,TheEvolutionofNewPackagingRoles,3.Theoriginoftheterm“brands”andhowitwastransferredtounitpackages,earlybrands,earlylabeling-Thefirstbrandnameswereinevitablythoseofthemaker.Yardleys(1770),Schweppes(1792),Perrier(1863),SmithBrothers(1866)andColgate(1873).-Theevolvingprintinganddecoratingartsappliedto“upscale”packages,manyearlydecorationsbasedonworksofartornationalsymbolsorimages.-Earlylabels:
picturesofpastorallife,barnyards,fruit,thegoldmedals.,TheEvolutionofNewPackagingRoles,4.QuakerOats-anewideainbranding-Apackagingmilestonein1877,theQuakerpersonage,the“persona”,adescriptionofthepackageorproductasifitwereaperson.-Between1890andabout1920,decorationfollowedtheartnouveaustyle,thisbeingfollowedbyaperiodofartdecographicsanddesigns.5.Thenewpackagingmaterial-plastics-Thefirstplastic(basedoncellulose),madein1856.,TheEvolutionofNewPackagingRoles,6.Changesinthewaywetraveledandshopped,changesintheretailstore-Thesmallcommunitygeneralstorewasnolongerenough.-Nationalrailroadsmadecoast-to-coasttransportareality.-Theautomobilefreedconsumers-firstfive-and-tenstore-Refrigerationwasbecomingcommonplace.7.ThepackagesmotivationalandinformationalrolesThepackagehadtoinformthepurchaser.Thepackagehadtoselltheproduct.,PackagingInTheLate20thCentury,1.Changesindemographics-Demographics,thestudyofpopulationstructureandtrends,universallyrealizedtobeanimportantfactorindesigningproductsandpackages.2.Fastfoodandotherinstitutionalmarkets-Fast-foodappearedandcreatedademandfordisposablesingle-servicepackaging.-Twofactorstoinfluencepackaging:
publichealthcareandarapidlygrowingtrendtowardeatingoutratherthanathome.-TheHRI(hospital,restaurant,andinstitutional)market.-Petroleum-derivedplasticsaddedtothepackagedesignersselectionofpackagingmaterials.,PackagingInTheLate20thCentury,3.The“babyboom”andpackaging-Inthelate1960s,thecoming-of-agebabyboomerswasreflected
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