新概念Lesson141-143被动语态精讲.ppt
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新概念Lesson141-143被动语态精讲.ppt
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被动语态,1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.,Englishisspokenbymanypeople.,Lucky52iswatchedonTVbymanypeople.,Footballareplayedbythem.,2.ManypeoplewatchLucky52onTV.,3.Theyplayfootball.,语态:
表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态:
表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态:
表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
ManystudentsstudyEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisstudiedbymanystudents.(被动语态),语态,助动词be变化规则:
I用am,you用are,is连着she、he、it.单数is,复数are.如:
Thedeskismadeofwood.Thedesksaremadeofwood.Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher.,被动语态的结构,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构:
bymanystudents.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.ManystudentsstudyEnglish.,English,isstudied,2.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,aremade,bythem,inthatfactory.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。
(by短语可以省。
by短语后跟代词的宾格。
),bytheteacher.,3.Theteacheroftenaskshimquestions.,He,isasked,questions,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,aremade,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语/宾语.,bythem.,主变被解题步骤,宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp,TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.,FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.,ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.,Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.,ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.,肯定句:
主语be+过去分词(by)否定句:
主语benot过去分词(by)一般疑问句:
Be主语过去分词(by)?
特殊疑问句:
疑问词be主语过去分词(by),被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。
bymanystudents.,English,isstudied,bymanystudents.,English,isnotstudied,1.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,bythemlastterm.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构:
was/were+过去分词,lastyear.,2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyear.,Manytrees,wereplanted,Tencomputers,werebought,Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.,Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.,Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.,Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.,Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,ActiveSomeonecleansthewindowseveryweek.Someonecleanedthemlastweek.,PassiveThewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Theywerecleanedlastweek.,Peopleofteninvitemetoparties.Someoneinvitedmetoonelastweek,I_I_,amofteninvitedtoparties.,wasinvitedtoonelastweek.,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,Active,Passive,3.Someonepaintsourourhouseeveryyear.4.Somepeoplepainteditlastyear.5.Peopleoftenovertakehimontheroad.6.Someoneovertakehimaminuteago.,Ourhouse_It_He_He_,ispaintedeveryyear.,waspaintedlastyear.,isoftenovertakenontheroad,wasovertakenaminuteago.,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,Active,Passive,7.Someonewaterstheflowerseveryday.8.Someonewateredthemyesterday.,Theflowers_They_,arewateredeveryday.,werewateredyesterday.,2,Howdotheyfeel?
Howdidtheyfeel?
Rewritethesentencesliketheexample.,Someoneembarrassedher.Somethingisworryingme.Somethingexcitedhim.Somethingisamusingthem.,She_I_He_They_,wasembarrassed.,amworried.,wasexcited.,areamused,3,3.一般将来时的被动语态结构:
willbe+过去分词,1.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,bythemintendays.,Thework,willbefinished,2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.,Theroom,willbecleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.,Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.,Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.,Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构:
can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.AmycantakegoodcareofGina,byAmy.,Gina,canbetakengoodcareof,2.Youshoulddrinkmorewater.,Morewater,shouldbedrunk,byyou.,1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.,Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.,ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.,Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.,Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is/am/are+being过去分词,1.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,bysomeworkersnow.,Therooms,arebeingpainted,2.HeiswatchingTV.,TV,isbeingwatched,byhim.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/hasbeen过去分词,1.Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,byus.,Twentymorekeys,havebeenmade,2.Wehavefinishedourcompositions.,Ourcompositions,havebeenfinished,byus.,表格:
被动态基本结构,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,am/is/arebeingdone,was/werebeingdone,shall/will/begoingtobedone,wouldbedone,have/hasbeendone,hadbeendone,6.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题)anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态7.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题)8.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables__onthefarm(上海市中考题),Theysentup,wereplanted,aregrown,中考题,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,A:
Hasmywatchbeenrepairedyet?
(soon)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Ithasntbeenrepairedyet,butitwillberepairedsoon.,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,2.A:
Havethoselettersbeentypedyet?
(thisafternoon)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Theyhaventbeentypedyet,buttheywillbetypedthisafternoon.,3.A:
Hasmyroombeentidiedyet?
(attheweekend)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Ithasntbeentidiedyet,butitwillbetidiedattheweekend.,A:
Havethechildrenbeeninvitedtothepartyyet?
(nextweek)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Theyhaventbeeninvitedyet,buttheywillbeinvitednextweek.,Lookatthisandthenrewritethesentencesbelowinthepassive,liketheexample.,5.A:
HasJohnbeentoldyet?
(tomorrow)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Hehasntbeentoldyet,buthewillbetoldtomorrow.,A:
Havethosejobsbeenfinishedyet?
(by6oclock)B:
__,No,Imsorry.Theyhaventbeenfinishedyet,buttheywillbefinishedby6oclock.,2,Mydaughterwasinvitedtoachildrensparty.我的女儿被邀请到一个儿童聚会。
Ihaventbeentoldaboutit.没有人告诉我这件事,被动语态的用法,
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Its/wassaid/believed/reported/+thatItsreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.据报道,这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。
ThecupwasbrokenbyDavid.,(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型.,Iwasgivenabookbyhim.(以I做主语)AbookwasgiventomebyTom.(以物book作主语)WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.(以人当主语)Englishistaughttousbyhim.(以物作主语),被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.(指物的宾语叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语),常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to:
pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:
make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;以“物”当主语时,在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,如:
1.Hegavemeabook.,2.HeteachesusEnglish.,keep,make三类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语位置不变。
Wekeepfoodfreshinthefridge.主谓宾宾补Foodiskeptfreshinthefridge.Isawhimgointotheofficebuilding.Hewasseentogointotheofficebuilding.,2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态,Theytakegoodcareofmychild.Mychildistakengoodcareof.Iturnedofftheradio.Theradiowasturnedoff(byme),3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加bybecoveredwith用覆盖着beinterestedin对感兴趣besurprisedat对感到惊奇bemadeof(from)用制造的,动词短语的被动语态takecareofbetakencareofcutdownbecutdownlaughatbelaughedatlookafterbelookedafter,即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.,1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.,He,wasseen,toplaybasketballlastSunday.,2.Weheardthemsingintheclassroom.,They,washeard,tosingintheclassroom.,4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,
(1)当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时,不能改为被动语态。
Weoftenhelpeachother.我们常常互相帮助。
(2)当谓语是表状态的及物动词时(如have,like,takeplace,belongto)如:
Iliketheseflowers.我喜欢这些花。
Iwillhaveameeting.不说Ameetingwillbehad.应说Ameetingwillbeheld.,5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,把下列句子变成被动语态:
Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2)Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam3)WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree,Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.,Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday,Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo,Practice,4)WellputontheplaynextSunday5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear,TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday,Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool,Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear,填空(完成被动语态填空)1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.(改为被动语态)Theirclassroom_often_bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.(同上)Anewpen___Tomlastweek.,is,cleaned,wasgivenby,Practice,3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.(同上)English___byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.(同上)English___forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.(同上)Thesestory-books___nextmonth.,canbespoken,hasbeenlearned,willbepublished,1.Insomecountries,tea_withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace,3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto_inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand_to_.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die,被动语态专项练习:
选择填空,5.Doyouliketheskirt?
It_soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?
Youwerehereanhourago.Who_for?
A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait,7._toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,_already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken,9.Theletter_threedaysagoandit_yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarri
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