2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章(阅读理解和完形填空).doc
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2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章(阅读理解和完形填空).doc
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BeAlertto1AntimicrobialResistance
(警惕抗菌药物的耐药性)
Theabilityofmicro--organismstofindwaystoevadetheactionofthedrugsusedtocuretheinfectionstheycauseisincreasinglyrecognizedasaglobalpublichealthissue.Somebacteriahavedevelopedmechanismswhichmakethemresistanttomanyoftheantibioticsnormallyusedfortheirtreatment(multi-drugresistantbacteria),soposeparticulardifficulties,astheremaybefewornoalternativeoptionsfortherapy.Theyconstituteagrowingandglobalpublichealthproblem.Whosuggeststhatcountriesshouldbepreparedtoimplementhospitalinfectioncontrolmeasurestolimitthespreadofmulti-drugresistantstrainsandtoreinforcenationalpolicyonprudentuseofantibiotics,reducingthegenerationofantibioticresistantbacteria.
AnarticlepunishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseases2on11August2010identifiedanewgenethatenablessometypesofbacteriatobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.Thearticle“hasdrawnattentiontotheissueofAMR3(antimicrobialresistance)。
and,inparticular,hasraisedawarenessofinfectionscausedbymulti.drugresistantbacteria.
Whilemulti-drugresistantbacteriaarenotnewandwillcontinuetoappear,thisdevelopmentrequiresmonitoringandfurtherstudytounderstandtheextentandmodesoftransmission,andtodefinethemosteffectivemeasuresforcontrol.
Thosecalledupontobealerttotheproblemofantimicrobialresistanceandtakeappropriateactionincludeconsumers,managersofhospitals,patients,aswellasnationalgovernments,thepharmaceuticalindustry.andinternationalagencies.
WHOstronglyrecommendsthatgovernmentsfocuscontrolandpreventioneffortsinthefollowingareaslikesurveillanceforantimicrobialresistance;rationalantibioticuse,including,educationofhealthcareworkersandthepublicintheappropriateuseofantibiotics;introducingorenforcinglegislationrelatedtostoppingthesellingofantibioticswithoutprescription;andstrictadherencetoinfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasures,includingtheuseofhand-washingmeasures.particularlyinhealthcarefacilities.
Successfulcontrolofmultidrug-resistantmicroorganismshasbeendocumentedinmanycountries,andtheexistingandwell-knowninfectionpreventionandcontrolmeasurescaneffectivelyreducetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganismsifsystematicallyimplemented.
Whowillcontinuetosupportcountriestodeveloprelevantpolicies,andtocoordinateinternationaleffortstocombatantimicrobialresistance.AntimicrobialresistancewillbethethemeofWHO’sWorldHealthDay2011.
词汇:
evade逃避,避开
pose提出
alternative口咖可供选择的(途径或事物)
implement实现,实施
strain忍.种类
reinforce加强力量
prudent妨慎重的,谨慎的
monitor监控
surveillance监视,监管
rational合理的,有理性的
adherence坚持,固守
document证明,支持
relevant相关的
注释:
1.bealertto:
对……警觉,注意
2.TheLancetInfectiousDiseases:
《柳叶刀一传染病》期刊
3.antimicrobialresistance(AMR):
抗菌药物耐药性
练习:
1.Whyistheuseofantibioticsarousinggloballyincreasinginterest?
AThemisuseoftheantibioticshascausedstrongerbacteriaresistanceandnonewdrugsagainstthebacteriaareavailableatpresent.
BThemicro-organismsdevelopmuchfasterthanthepast,sotheresearchersaremoreinterested.
CTheantibioticsformulti—drugresistantbacteriaarehighlypricedandtherewillbeabigmarketforthedrugindustry.
DTheantibioticshasbeenfoundmorepowerfulforthetreatmentofthemulti-drugresistantbacteria.
2.WhichofthefollowingistrueofthearticlepublishedinTheLancetInfectiousDiseases?
ATheissueofAMRledthescientiststobealerttothenewhumangene.
BAnewdrugwillbesoonavailableforanymulti-drugresistantbacteria.
CAnewstrainhasbeenfoundtobehighlyresistanttoalmostallantibiotics.
DAMRarousedtheawarenessofthescientiststotheinfectionscausedbytheantibiotics.
3.ⅥmoofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassagetotakecautiousandproperactionabouttheAMR?
AThosewhouseantibiotics.
BThosewhosellantibiotics.
CThosewhoproduceantibiotics.
DThosewhostudyinuniversities.
4.AllthefollowingrecommendationstothegovernmentsfromWH0istrueEXCEPT
Aeducationtotheusersofantibiotics.
Bcontrolonuseofantibioticsinhealthfacilities.
Cintroductionofnewregulationsonthesaleofantibiotics.
Dlimitonthehospitalstostoremoreantibioticdrugsthantheycanuse.
5.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?
AWHOcanonlyrecommendthegovernmentstocontrolandpreventthetransmissionofmulti-drugresistantorganisms.
BEvenwiththenewstrainsagainsttheexistingantibiotics,thetransmissionofmulti—drugresistantorganismsisstillundercontrol.
CWithoutthesupportfromWH0,nocountrycanbesafeinthewaragainstthetransmissionofmulti.drugresistantorganisms.
DWHOwillsparenoeffortinantimicrobialresistancein2010andwillsetaspecialdayforitin2011.
答案与题解:
1.A文中第一段指出,有些致病菌对现有的抗生素产生了一定的耐药性,而目前有效的替代药物还没有出现,这是一个棘手的问题,因此引起了全球关注。
因此,答案为A。
2.C文中第二段说明,杂志中提到发现了一种几乎对所有抗生素都具有抵抗性的新的细菌,
这一发现引起了世人对AMR,尤其是对耐药菌感染的关注。
因此,答案为C。
3.D文中提到应对AMR特别关注的人群包括:
消费者,医院管理人员,病人,政府,药品生产企业以及一些国际机构,文中没有提到大学机构。
因此,答案为D。
4.DWH0提出的建议包括:
对AMR进行监管,合理使用抗生素,教育公众及医务人员要正
确使用抗生素,立法限制非处方购买抗生素以及对感染采用预防和控制措施,没有提到限制医院储备抗生素。
因此,答案为D。
5.B虽然目前还没有发现更有效的新抗生素,但文中提到在许多国家对耐药性微生物的控制取得了很大成功,而且目前的预防手段仍然能够有效减少耐药微生物的传播。
因此,答案为B。
antimicrobialresistance
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