高考英语书面表达常用句型.ppt
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高考英语书面表达常用句型.ppt
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书面表达常用句型,书面表达常用句型一系表结构七感叹句结构二主谓结构八.疑问句结构三主谓宾结构九否定式结构四双宾语结构十.并列句结构五复合宾语结构十一.复合句结构六祈使句结构十二.强调句结构,一系表结构主语+系动词+表语Notes1.常用的系动词有:
1).静态(表性质、特征、状态):
beseemremainappear2).动态(表变化):
becomegoturngetgrow3).感官(表示感觉):
looksoundtastefeelsmell,2.可以用做表语的有:
1)名词2)名词性物主代词3)不定代词4)人称代词5)形容词6)数词7)副词8)动词不定式(短语)9)动名词(短语)10)现在分词(短语)11)过去分词(短语)12)介词短语13)从句,e.g.1)Smithwasthebossofagarage.2)Isthispenyours?
3)Thisissomethingyoushouldalwayskeepinmind.4)Itisshewhoissingingnextdoor.5)Allthewallsarewhite6)Mysonwillbefourteennextyear.,7)Classisover.8)Hiswishistobecomeascientist.9)Herfavoritesportinsummerisswimming.10)Thenewswasexciting.11)Theywerenotdiscouraged.12)Weareallagainsttheproposal.13)Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.,3.常用句型:
1)It+be+n.+todo2)It+be+adj.+todo3)It+be+n.+for/ofsb.+todo4)It+be+n.+doing5)It+be+adj.+doing6)It+be+n.+clause7)It+be+adj.+clause8)There+be+S.,e.g.1)Itisapitytohearthat.2)Itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.3)Itisabigmistakeforhertohaveboughttheclothes.4)Itwashardforhimtosupportsuchabigfamily.5)Itisnousegoingtheretoday.,6)Itsuselesskeepingbookswithoutreadingthem.7)Itsapitythatsheisout.8)Itistruethathehaspassedtheexamination.9)Shelookshappytoday.10)Thelittlegirlfeltshy.11)Itsgettingdark.12)Therewillbeanewplayatthetheatretomorrow.,二主谓结构主语+(不及物动词)谓语+状语,Notes:
1.谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分。
2.状语可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、从句等。
3常见句型:
1)S.+vi.2)S.+vi.+n.3)S.+vi.+adv.4)S.+vi.+prep.ph.5)S.+vi.+todo,6)S.+vi.+doing7)S.+vi.+forsb./sth.todosth.8)It+seem/appear+adj./n.+todohappen9)It+seem+clauseappear10)There+vi.+S.,e.g.Thesunhasrisen.Theyworkeddayandnight.Theyallwentout.Shecameintothelibrary.Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Shestoodsmilingatme.Itseemedimpossibletosolvetheproblem.,8)Shewaitedforherhusbandtocomeback.9)Ithappenedthattheywereoutwhenwecalledonthemthatevening.10)Itseemsthattheboyhasrealizedtheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.11)Long,longagotherelivedaking.,三主谓宾结构主语+(及物动词)谓语+宾语Notes:
1.vi.+prep.=vt.2.可以做宾语的有:
名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,从句等.,常见句型:
1)S.+vt.+n.2)S.+vt.+pron.3)S.+vt.+num.4)S.+vt.+adv.+n./pron.5)S.+vt.+todo6)S.+vt.+whether/wh+todo,三主谓宾结构,7)S.+vt.+doing8)S.+vt.+objectclause9)S.+vt.+object+prep.ph.10)S.+vt.+it+prep.ph.+thatclause11)S.+vt.+object+todo12)It+vt.+object+todo13)S.+vt.+it+adj./n.(+forsb.)+todo,e.g.1)Sheiswateringtheflowers.2)Helovesherverymuch.3)Whoareyougoingtotakethesethree?
4)Shecouldntkeepbackhertears.=Shecouldntkeephertearsback.5)Shedecidedtogiveitup.,6)Hetriedtodoagooddeedeachday.7)Shehardlyknowshowtowriteacomposition.8)Iwonderedwhethertostayortoleave.9)Irememberseeinghersomewherebefore.10)Ihear(that)shehascomeback.11)Iagreetowhathehassaid.,12)Hedidntknowwhosesideheshouldtake.13)Wespendalotofmoneyonbooks.14)Heexplainedittohisstudentsthathewasillthatday.15)Heenteredtheroomtolookforhispencil-box.16)Ittookmorethantenyearstobuildthehouses.17)Ithinkitnecessary(forhim)tolearnaforeignlanguage.,四双宾语结构主语+(及物动词)谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,Notes:
1.不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语。
可用于此句型的动词有以下三类:
1).givetellteachwritebringlendhandshowsendofferpaypassallow2)buydogetfetchsavemakesingchoose3)askanswer,2.1)=vt.+D.O.+to+I.O.2)=vt.+D.O.+for+I.O.3)vt.+D.O.1+D.O.23常用句型:
1)S.+vt.+D.O.+I.O.2)S.+vt.+D.O.+to/for+I.O.3)S.+vt.+I.O.+clause4)Ittake+O.(n./pron.)+n./pron.+todo5)Sth.+cost+sb.+n.,e.g.1)Hegavemesomebeautifulpictures.2)Hehandedthepursetotheteacher.3)Wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren?
4)Shetoldthestudents(that)theoldmanwasherfather.5)Wellshowyouwhoseorderitis.6)Ittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall.7)Thenewbikecosthim300yuan.,五复合宾语结构主语+(及物动词)谓语+复合宾语,Notes:
1复合宾语是指“宾语+宾语补足语”。
宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
2可作宾语补足语的有:
名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定时,现在分词,过去分词。
3常见句型:
1)S.+vt.+n./pron.+n.paingetbeatfind2)S.+vt.drive+n./pron.+adj.wishproveleavemake,feelhearlistentomakelet7)S.+vt.see+object+dolookatwatchnoticeobserve8)S.+vt.+object+doing,feelfind3)S.+vt.make+it+n./adj.+for/ofsb.todo/doingthinkconsider4)S.+vt.+adj./n.+thatclausen.5)S.+vt.+pron.+tobe+adj./n.clause6)S.+vt.+object+todo,9)S.+vt.+object+done10)S.+vt.+object+W+todo11)S.+vt.+object+adv.12)S.+vt.+sb./ones+doing13)S.+vt.+object+prep.ph.,e.g.1)Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass.2)Theboykickedthedooropen.3)Ithinkitfoolishofhimtobelieveher.4)Wethoughtitbetterforyoutotakethemedicineintime.5)Hehadmadeitarulenevertocasthisnetmorethanthreetimesaday.,6)IconsideritapitythathehasgivenupstudyingEnglish.7)Wefoundhertobemad.8)Hewantedhertobeadancer.9)Hebelieveswhatshesaidtobetrue.10)Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation.,11)Thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours.12)Wefoundtheboycryinginthestreet.13)HaveyoueverheardthissongsunginEnglish?
14)Thefarmersshowedushowtocutwheat.15)Didyoufindthemin?
16)Doyoumindme/myclosingthewindow?
17)Theyforcedherintotheroom.,六祈使句结构,1.Do+2.Be+predictive+3.Dont+do+4.Dont+be+predictive5.Let+object+do+.,e.g.1)Comein,please.2)Passherapieceofpaper.3)Beagoodboy.4)Becarefulnottotouchit.5)Dontreadinamovingbus.6)Dontbesosilly.7)Letshavearest.8)Lettheboyin,please.,七感叹句结构,1.What(+adj.)+n.+S.+v.!
2.How+adj./adv.+S.+v.!
3.How+S.+v.!
4.How+adj.+a/an+n.+S.+v.!
e.g.1)Whatasillyboyheis!
2)Whatterribleweatherwearehaving!
3)Howhardtheyareworking!
4)Howwonderfultobeinvitedtoapalaceball!
八.疑问句结构,1一般疑问句:
1)Be+S.+predictive?
2)Be+there+S.+?
Have3)Has+S.+object+?
Had,DoBe4)Have+S.+do+?
WillShallCanMay5)Must+S.+do+?
NeedDare,e.g.1)Weretheybusyyesterday?
2)Wasthereapinetreebesidethehouse?
3)Haveyou(got)anyredink?
4)Isshelyinginbed?
5)DidTomgotherewithyou?
6)Dareyousayitagain?
2.特殊疑问句1)作主语的疑问词+陈述语序?
(who;which;what)2)作定语修饰主语的疑问词+陈述语序?
(what;which;whose;howmany/much)3)疑问词(作定语/表语/状语)+一般疑问语序?
e.g.1)Whocametoschooltheearliestyesterday?
2)Whichbookisyours?
3)Whatareyoudoing?
4)Wheredidyougoyesterday?
3选择疑问句:
1)一般疑问句+or+另一供选择部分?
2)一般疑问句+or+not?
3)特殊疑问句,+AorB?
e.g.1)Doyoulikesportsormusic?
2)Doyoulikesportsornot?
3)Whichisbigger,thesunorthemoon?
4.反意疑问句:
助动词1)陈述句肯定结构,+系动词的否定式+人称代词?
情态动词助动词2)陈述句否定结构,+系动词的肯定式+人称代词?
情态动词e.g.1)Youaretired,arentyou?
2)Youwouldntleaveforlong,willyou?
九否定式结构,1S.+be+not+predictive.e.g.Heisnotanengineer.haveno2.S.+has+nota+object.hadanye.g.Ihavenobrother.,no3.There+be+nota+S.notanye.g.Thereisntabookonthetable.4.S.+do/does/did+not+doe.g.Hedidntcometoschoolyesterday.5.S.+助动词+not+doe.g.1)Heisnotcrying.2)Ishallnotaskhimforhelp.,6.S.+情态动词+not+doe.g.Youneedntworry.todo7.not+doing+donee.g.1)Notknowingthetruth,hescoldedher.2)Iregrettednotattendingthemeeting.3)Wesaidsonottoflatter(奉承)him.,allboth8.not+each部分否定everythewhole完全否定分别用:
none,neither,nothing,nobody,noone,e.g.1)Alltheanswersarenotcorrect.2)Everythingdoesntgowell.3)Shehasntdonethejobcompletely.4)Nobodycanworkitout.5)NoneofthestudentsisfromShanghai.,9.由nor,neither构成否定承接句:
Neither/Nor+助/系/情态动词+S.Note:
如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类、时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定,则套用句型:
Itis/wasthesamewith+S.e.g.1)Idontlikethefilm,nordoesshe.2)Hehasnotime.NeitherhaveI.,10.由hardly,seldom,rarely,never,little,few等构成的含否定意义的句子。
e.g.1)Hehardlywentoutshopping.2)Fewofthemknowscience.,十.并列句结构,1.由并列词或逗号、分号把两个或两个以上、具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体,就构成了并列句。
2.常用的并列连词有:
and“和”or“否则”but“可是;但是”for“因为”so“因此”eitheror“不是就是”neithernor“既不也不”notonlybutalso“不但而且”,3.常用的副词有:
yet“但是”however“然而”therefore“所以”Note:
此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开。
e.g.1)Hurryup!
Itsgoingtorain.2)Hehadtocomebackhome;hewantedsomemoney.3)Tearsappearedinhereyes,buthedidntnoticeit.4)Springcameandthetreesturnedgreen.,5)Shemustbeill,forshedidntcometoschoolthismorning.6)Hefoundnobodyintheroom,sohewentaway.7)Heisold,yetheisstillactiveinhiswork.8)Thecompositionisallright;howeverthereisroomforimprovement.,9)Hewasverytired,andthereforehefellsoundasleep.10)Wemusthurry,orwellbelate.11)Eitherheiswrongoryouarewrong.12)Hedoesntknowher,nordoI.13)Notonlywasmymotherangry,butmyfatheralso.,十一.复合句结构,1.主语从句结构:
1)连接代词/副词+从句+主句谓语部分=It+主句谓语部分+连接代词/副词+从句(常用连词that;whether;who;whom;whose;which;when;where;why;how),e.g.1)Thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall.=Itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace.2)Whetherwecansolvethedifficultystillremainsaquestion.=Itstillremainsaquestionwhetherwecansolvethedifficulty.,3)Whosecompositionisbetterishardtosay.=Itishardtosaywhosecompositionisbetter.4)Wherewellspendthesummerholidayshasnotbeendecided.=Ithasntbeendecidedwherewellspendthesummerholidays.,2)What+主语和及物动词谓语+主句谓语部分e.g.
(1)Whathesaidisnottrue.
(2)Whatwearedoingisforbuildingsocialism.,Whoever3)Whatever+主语从句+主句谓语部分Whichevere.g.
(1)Whoeverwantstogomaygoatonce.
(2)Whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.,happenedseems4)It+isapity+that-clauseissaidisreported,e.g.
(1)Ithappenedthathewasillwhenwefoundhim.
(2)Itseemsthatshedoesntlikeherjob.(3)Itsapitythatshehasgoneabroad.(4)Itissaid/reportedthatourwomensfootballteamhadwonagain.,2.表语从句结构,that连词if主语+whether+clause连接代词(who;whom;which;what)连接副词(when;where;why;how),e.g.1)HissuggestionisthatwegotoBeijingtospendourholidays.2)Thatisjustwhathewants.3)Thequestioniswhowillhaveatryfirst.4)Thatiswhythebatneverflyoutinthedaytime.5)Theproblemiswhetherwecanfindeachotheratthestation.,3.宾语从句结构,1)S.+vt.+that-clausee.g.IwishIcouldentercollege.Thekingrepliedthathewouldsethimfree.2)S.+vt.+if/whether-clausee.g.Theteacheraskedifanyon
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