工商银行笔试英语真题.doc
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工商银行笔试英语真题.doc
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英语部分专项练习
(一)
PartIReadingComprehension
Directions:
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Ifthesalinityofoceanwaterisanalyzed,itisfoundtovaryonlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchangesareimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanicsalinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansofevaporation—conversionofliquidwatertowatervapor.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltsstaybehind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitecrystalsofsaltwouldbeleftbehind;this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactuallyobtained.
Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwaterisaddedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdilutedsothatthesalinityisdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregionswhereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythesubtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwaterbyprecipitationorrunoff.
Normally,intropicalregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityissomewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotasmuchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.
Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformationandmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsareleftbehind.Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaicehasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthisicemelts,itwelltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.
IntheWeddellSea,offAntarctica,thedensestwaterintheoceansisformedasaresultofthisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavywatersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionsofoceansoftheworld.
1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
A.Wheredowegetourtablesalt?
B.Oceanicsalinityintropicalregions
C.Threebasicprocessesthatalteroceanicsalinity
D.Variationsofsalinityindifferentpartsoftheocean
2.Accordingtotheauthor,theoceanicsalinityisusuallylowerin_____.
A.tropicalregions
B.coastalregions
C.placesinwhichwarmcurrentsandcoldcurrentsmeet
D.theAntarctica
3.Allofthefollowingareprocessesthatdecreaseoceansalinityexcept_____.
A.precipitationB.runoffC.meltingD.evaporation
4.Whatdoestheword“subtraction"inthefourthlineofthefirstparagraphmean?
A.reductionB.influxC.transformationD.freezing
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaresultoftheformationoficeinoceans?
A.Thesurroundingwatersinks.
B.Thewaterbecomesdenser.
C.Watersalinitydecreases.
D.Thesurroundingwaterbecomescolder.
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Morethanacenturyago,therelationshipbetweenglacialiceandtheamountofwaterintheoceanbasinswasfirstseen.Whenthegreaticesheetcoveredvastlandareas,thesealevelwasloweredbecausethenormalreturnofwaterfromlandtotheoceanwasreduced.Asaresult,thesealevelroseasIceAgeglaciersmeltedallowingthemeltedwaterstoflowintotheocean.Ifalltheglacialiceonthesurfaceoftheearthtodayshouldmelt,thesealevelmightrisebymorethan150feet.Shorelinevariationsarealsoproducedthroughelevationordepressionoftheland.Duringtimesofglacierformationsthegreatweightoftheiceslowlydepressedtheearth'scrust.Removaloftheweightthroughglaciermeltingallowedtheslowreturnofthecrusttoitsformerposition.ChangesintheGreatIceclimatesfromcoolandwettowarmanddryproducedclimatechangesfarfromtheglaciatedarea.Forexample,attimesofcool-wetglacialclimates,levelsofinlandlakesrose,incontrasttothedepressionofsealevel.Duringthewarm-dryinterglacialclimates,lakelevelswerelowered.TheancientlakeBonneville,largestoftheglaciallakesinWesternUnitedStates,oncecoveredmorethan20,000squaremiles.Ithadamaximumdepthofmorethan1,000feet.GreatSaltLakeinUtahistheshrunkenremnantofthisoncelargelake.
Althoughthefirsttimethatearlymanwalkedontheearthisuncertain,heislargelyaproductoftheGreatIceAge.Presentinformationshowsthatduringthistimeheevolvedrapidlybothphysicallyandculturally.HismostprimitivetoolsandskeletalremainshavebeenfoundinsomeoftheoldestdepositscontemporarywiththeGreatIceAgeinAfrica,AsiaandEurope.Theseareoftenassociatedwithremainsofextinctanimals.Withthedisappearanceofthegreaticesheets,theBronzeandIronAgeculturesevolved.Aboutthistimemanyanimalssuitedtocoolerclimatesdied.
Althoughmuchremainstobelearned,thestoryoftheGreatIceAgeisbeingunfoldedthroughtheeffortsofspecialistsinmanyfields.Recordingfieldobservation,newtheoriesandmethods,andworldwidestudiesofexistingglaciersarebringingaclearerunderstandingoftheGreatIceAge.
6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTimpliedinthepassage?
A.ManhasalotmoretolearnabouttheGreatIceAge.
B.Theartofmakingtoolswasinstrumentalinbringingabouttheevolutionofhumanbrain.
C.ManyspecieswerenotsuitedtothewarmerclimatesoftheBronzeandIronAge.
D.Therelationshipbetweenglacialiceandtheamountofwaterintheoceanbasinswasnotseenuntilmorethanahundredyearsago.
7.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingwillinducethedepressionofsealevel?
A.formationofgreatmassesoficesheetontheland
B.precipitation
C.shorelinevariations
D.theadventofwarm-dryinterglacialclimates
8.WhydoestheauthorcitetheexampleoftheGreatSaltLakeinUtah?
A.toshowthatitisalakecreatedintheGreatIceAge
B.toshowthatitoncewasthelargestlakeintheUnitedStates
C.toshowthatitevolvedfromtheBronzeandIronAge
D.toshowthatitiswhatremainedoftheoncelargelakeBonneville
9.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedaboutearlymanbasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassage?
A.TheexacttimeofhisappearanceontheEarthisuncertain.
B.HeevolvedrapidlyphysicallyandculturallyduringtheBronzeandIronAge.
C.Theabilitytomakeprimitivetoolsdistinguishedmanfromotheranimals.
D.Earlymanlivedmainlyonanimalshunted.
10.ThebestsourceofinformationabouttheGreatIceAgeisobtainedfrom_____.
A.rockformations
B.fossilremains
C.primitivetoolsusedbyearlyman
D.Antarctica'sancientglacier
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Prolonginghumanlifehasincreasedthesizeofthehumanpopulation.Manypeoplealivetodaywouldhavediedofchildhooddiseasesiftheyhadbeenbornahundredyearsago.Becausemorepeoplelivelonger,therearemorepeoplearoundatanygiventime.Infact,itisadecreaseindeathrates,notanincreaseinbirthrates,thathasledtothepopulationexplosion.
Prolonginghumanlifehasalsoincreasedthedependencyload.Inallsocieties,peoplewhoaredisabledortooyoungortoooldtoworkaredependentontherestofsocietytoprovideforthem.Inhuntingandgatheringcultures,oldpeoplewhocouldnotkeepupmightbeleftbehindtodie.Intimesoffamine,infantsmightbeallowedtodiebecausetheycouldnotsurviveiftheirparentsstarved,whereasiftheparentssurvivedtheycouldhaveanotherchild.Inmostcontemporary(当代的)societies,peoplefeelamoralobligationtokeeppeoplealivewhethertheycanworkornot.Wehaveagreatmanypeopletodaywholivepasttheageatwhichtheywanttoworkorareabletowork;wealsohaveruleswhichrequirepeopletoretireatacertainage.Unlessthesepeoplewereabletosavemoneyfortheirretirement,somebodyelsemustsupportthem.IntheUnitedStatesmanyretiredpeopleliveonsocialsecuritycheckswhicharesolittlethattheymustliveinnearpoverty.Olderpeoplehavemoreillnessthanyoungormiddle-agedpeople;unlesstheyhavewealthorprivateorgovernmentinsurance,theymustoftengoonwelfareiftheyhaveaseriousillness.
Whenolderpeoplebecomesenileortooweaktocareforthemselves,theycreategraveproblemsfortheirfamilies.Inthepastandinsometraditionalcultures,theywouldbecaredforathomeuntiltheydied.Today,withmostmembersofahouseholdworkingorinschool,thereisoftennooneathomewhocancareforasickorweakperson.Tomeetthisneed,agreatmanynursinghomesandconvalescent(康复的)hospitalshavebeenbuilt.Theseareoftenprofit-makingorganizations,althoughsomearesponsored(赞助)byreligiousandothernonprofitgroups.Whileafewoftheseinstitutionsaregood,mostofthemaresimplydumpinggroundsforthedyinginwhichcareisgivenbypoorlypaid,overworked,andunder-skilledpersonnel.
11.Whatwasthecausetothepopulationgrowthaccordingtothepassage?
A.increaseofbirthrate
B.advanceinmedicalcare
C.well-administeredsocialwelfare
D.thedecreaseofdeathrate
12.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatinsometraditionalsocieties_____.
A.infantsmaybelefttodiewhenthereisn'tenoughfoodtogoaround
B.oldandsickpeoplearecaredforathomeuntiltheydied
C.peoplearerequiredtoretireatacertainage
D.peoplewhoareto
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