职称英语理工类B级真题及答案.doc
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职称英语理工类B级真题及答案.doc
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123职称英语网
2012年职称英语考试试题与答案理工类B
第1部分词汇题
1、Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted,”joe,joe,joe!
”
A、jumpedB.repeatedC.maintainedD.approached
2、Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.
A.confusesB.shocksC.influencesD.concerns
3.Thestormcausedseveredamage.
A.physicalB.accidentalC.environmentalD.serious
4.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthservice,andwesucceeded.
A.offerB.modernizeC.provideD.fund
5.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.
A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely
6.AlargecrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.
A.watchedB.gatheredC.shoutedD.walked
7.Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.
A.needB.hateC.loveD.pity
8.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.
A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function
9.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.
A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy
10.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.
A.allowedB.calledC.advisedD.encouraged
11.Ithink£7foradrinkisabitsteep,don’tyou?
A.tightB.highC.lowD.cheap
12.Mostbabiescantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.
A.bringB.keepC.serveD.digest
13.Thecitycentrewaswipedoutbythebomb.
A.destoryedB.coveredC.reducedD.moved
14.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcreteblocks.
A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new
15.Dowehavetowearthesenametags?
A.listsB.labelsC.formsD.codes
第2部分阅读判断
EasternQuakesCanTriggerBigShakes
InthefirstweekofNovember2011,peopleincentralOklahomaexperiencedmorethantwodozenearthquakes.Thelargest,amagnitude(量)5.6quake,shookthousandsoffansinacollegefootballstadium,causedcracksinafewbuildingsandscaredmanypeoplewhohadneverfeltaquakebefore.Oklahomaisnotanareaofthecountryfamousforitsquakes.IfyouwatchthenewsonTV,youseereportsaboutallsortsofnaturaldisasters.Butthemostdangeroustypeofnaturaldisaster,andalsothemostunpredictable,istheearthquake.
ResearchersattheUSGeologicalSurvey(USGS)estimatethatseveralmillionearthquakesoccurgloballyeachyear.Thatmaysoundscary,butpeopledon’tfeelmanyofthembecausetheyhappeninremoteandunpopulatedregions.Manyquakeshappenundertheocean,andothershaveaverysmallmagnitude.
Scientistsknowaboutsmall,remotequakesonlybecauseofverysensitiveelectronicdevicescalledseismometers(地震仪).Thesedevicesdetectandmeasurethesizeofgroundvibrations(震颤)producedbyearthquakes.Altogether,USGSresearchersuseseismometerstoidentifyandlocateabout20000earthquakeseachyear.
Althoughearthquakescanhappenanywhereintheworld,reallybigquakesoccuronlyincertainareas.Thelargestonesregisteramagnitude8orhigherandhappen,onaverage,onlyonceeachyear.SuchbigonestypicallyoccuralongtheedgesofEarth’stectonicplates(构造板块).
ThctonicplatesarehugepiecesofEarth’scrust(外壳),sometimesmanykilometersthick.Often,edgesoftheseplatestemporarilylocktogether.Whenplatespushandscrape(擦)pasteachotherearthquakesoccur.Onaverage,tectonicplatesmoveveryslowly--boutthesamespeedasyourfingernailsgrow.
Butsometimesearthquakesrumble(轰轰作响)throughportionsofthelandscapefarfromaplate’sedges.Althoughlessexpected,these“mid-plate”smallearthquakescanbestantialdamage.SomeofthebiggestknownexampleshittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesago.Today,scientistsarestillpuzzlingoverwhythequakesoccurredandwhensimilaronesmightoccur.
16.Oklahomaisanareaoftenexperiencingnaturaldisasters.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Theearthquakeisthemostunpredictablenaturaldisaster.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Fewearthquakeshappenwithoutpeople’sawareness.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.SeismometerscanidentifyandlocatemostoftheearthquakesinChina.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Bigearthquakesofamagnitude8orhigherseldomhappenfarfromtheedgesoftectonicplates.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Whenevertectonicplatesmove,earthquakeshappen.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.TheearthquakethathittheeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatestwocenturiesagoisthebiggest”mid-plate”oneinhistory.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分
LearnaboutNobleGases(惰性气体)
1Haveyoueverriddenonaballoon?
Manytouristspotsofferballoonridesinorderforpeopletoseethebeautyofaplacefromabove.Aballooncontainsanoblegascalledhellum(氦).Formerly,balloonscontainedhydrogenbuthydrogenisveryflammableanddangerouswhenuncontrolled.Therefore,peopleshiftedtohelium,whichissafer.Heliumissafebecauseithasthepropertiesofthenoblegases.
2Peopleoncebellevedthatnoblegasescouldn’tchemicallyreactatall.Forthisreason,theywerecalledinertgases(惰性气体).TheywerealsolistedunderGroup0intheoldperiodictablebecausescientistsbelievedthatthegaseshavezerovalence(价)electronsintheiroutershell.Thiswaslaterproventobeuntruewhensomenoblegascompoundswerediscovered.
3Thegasesareelements,whichsharesimilarproperties.Thesepropertiesincludebeingmonoatomic,colorless,odorless,beingabletoconductelectricity,andhavinglowchemicalreactivity.NoblegasesincludeHelium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,XenonandRadon.TheseareallfoundinGroup18,intherightmostcolumnoftheperiodictable.Ifyoulookattheperiodictable,youwillnoticethattheseelementsaretheonlyones,whichdonothaveacharge.Heliumhasthelowestmolecular(分子的)weightwhileRadonistheheaviest.
4Rememberthatchemicalreactionsoccurbecauseatomshavevalenceelectrons,whichareelectronsintheiroutershell.Whentheoutershellis“unfilled”ortherequirednumberofelectronsisnotyetcomplete,theatomismorereactive.Noblegaseshaveafulloutershell,meaningthattheyhavecompleteelectronsintheiroutershell.Thiscompletenumbervaries.Forinstance,theoutershellofHeliumhas2valenceelectronswhiletheoutershellofXenonhas8electrons.Nowadays,thereremainstobeafewnoblegasesbecauseofthelowchemicalreactivityofthesesaidgases.
5becauseoftheirproperties,noblegaseshavemanyimportantapplications.Theyarewidelyusedinmedicineandindustries.Forinstance,liquidHeliumisusedforsuperconductingmagnets(磁体).Thesemagnetsareveryimportantinphysicsandmedicine.Whenadoctorsuspectsthataperson’sbrainhasbeendamaged,hemightrequestforMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI).MRIallowsthedoctorto“see”thebrain,withoutoperatingonthepatient.
23.paragraph2
24.paragraph3
25.paragraph4
26.paragraph5
A.Howwerenoblegasesdiscovered?
B.whatistheperiodictable?
C.whataretheapplicationsofnoblegases?
D.Howwerenoblegasesunderstoodinthepast?
E.Whatcausesthelowchemicalreactivityofnoblegases?
F.Whatarenoblegases?
27.Noblegasesarenotverychemically.
28.AmongtheelementsofnoblegasesHeliumisthe.
29.Therequirednumberofelectronsinnoblegases’outershellis.
30.MRImaymakeoperatingonthepatient.
A.completeB.reactiveC.unnecessaryD.flammableE.importantF.lightest
第4部分阅读理解
第一篇GrossNationalHappiness
Inthelastcentury,newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However,onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia,thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist(佛教)culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan,however,wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread,andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then,in1972,anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.
KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct(GNP).TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases,peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased,thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier,hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness(GNH).
GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare,education,andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy,protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally,peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood,stablegovernment.
NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks,andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2008,KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking,ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally,Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.
Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople,cultures,andland.
Bra
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