仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2-116REGSPART91,NTSB.pptx
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2-116REGSPART91,NTSB.pptx
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INSTRUMENTRATING14CFR,14CFRPart91NTSBPart830,14CFR91.3,ResponsibilityandAuthorityofPilotinCommandDirectlyResponsibleandhasthefinalauthorityastotheoperationofanaircraftMaydeviatefromaruleofthisparttotheextentrequiredtomeetanemergencySendawrittenreportofthatdeviationtoanduponrequestoftheAdministrator,14CFR91.21,PortableElectronicDevicesNotallowedtobeoperatedwhileanaircraftisunderIFRNotincludedinthelistis:
PortablevoicerecordersHearingaidsHeartpacemakersElectricshaversAnyotherdevicetheoperatorhasdeterminedwillnotcauseinterferencewithnavigationorcommunicationsystemsoftheaircraft,14CFR91.103,PreflightAction:
NWKRAFT(a)ForaflightunderIFR,pilotshouldknow:
N-Notams(allavailableinfoconcerningflight)W-weatherreportsandforecastsK-knowntrafficdelaysRrunwaylengthsA-alternativesavailableF-fuelrequirementsTTakeOff/LandingDistanceinfo,Section(b),14CFR91.109,FlightInstruction;SimulatedInstrumentFlightandCertainFlightTestsSection(b)NopersonmayoperateanaircraftinsimulatedinstrumentflightunlessSafetypilot=privatepilotratedinaircraft(Category/Class)SafetypilothasadequatevisionforwardandsideFullyfunctioningdualcontrols,14CFR91.113,Right-of-WayRules:
ExceptWaterOperationsWhetherIFR(weatherconditionspermitting)orVFR,pilotincommandisstillresponsiblefor“seeingandavoiding”Whenyoucanseeoutsideyoumustlookoutside-evenonIFRflightplan!
(Thisiswhyyouneedasafetypilotforsimulatedinstrumentflight),14CFR91.121,AltimeterSettingsBelow18,000MSLSettoastationalongroutewithin100nmATCperiodicallyadvisespilotsofcurrentaltimetersettingAtorabove18,000MSL29.92“FlightLevels”LowestusableflightlevelsdeterminedbyatmosphericpressuretoavoidoverlapofMSL&pressurealtitudeifcurrentaltimetersettingislowerthan29.92(seetablein91.121),14CFR91.123,CompliancewithATCClearancesandInstructionsDeviationfromclearancesemergencyexistsamendedclearanceobtainedresultantdangerimminentPrioritybyATCinanemergencyreportwithin48hourstomanagerofparticularATCfacilityifrequested,14CFR91.131,OperationsinClassBAirspaceSection(c)CommunicationsandnavigationequipmentrequirementsForIFRoperation,aircraftmustbeequippedwithanoperableVORorTACANreceiverForalloperations,anoperable2wayradioSection(d)Transponderrequirement,14CFR91.135,OperationsinClassAAirspaceMusthaveIFRclearance2wayradioTransponderATCcanapprovecontinuationwithfailedtransponder,14CFR91.167,FuelRequirementsforFlightinIFRConditions:
tofirstairportofintendedlandingtoalternateairport(ifrequired)45minutesatnormalcruisingspeedAlternateisNOTneededwhen:
firstairporthasIAPAND1-2-3ruleforecastwx+/-1hourETAAtleast2,000ceilingAtleast3SMvisibility,14CFR91.169,IFRFlightPlan:
InformationRequiredSection(c)IFRalternateairportstandardminimums600ceiling/2smforprecision800ceiling/2smfornonprecisionatETAatalternateforecastWXmustallowdescentfromMEAtoairportunderbasicVFR(checkVFRminimumsforallairspaceyouwilltransit!
),WITHIAP,NOIAP:
14CFR91.171,VOREquipmentCheckforIFROperationsWithinpreceding30daysVOTGround/FlightCheckpointAirwaycheckDualsystemPlaceAmountofbearingerrorDateSignatureMustberecordedinaircraftlogorotherrecord,14CFR91.173,ATCClearanceandFlightPlanRequiredNopersonmayoperateanaircraftincontrolledairspaceunderIFRunlessthatpersonhasFiledanIFRflightplan,ANDReceivedanappropriateATCclearance,14CFR91.175,TakeoffandLandingUnderIFRSection(a)useStandardInstrumentApproachProcedure(SIAP)inPart97Section(b)AuthorizedDHorMDA-DecisionHeight-MinimumDescentAltitude,14CFR91.175,Section(c)OperationBelowDHorMDAAtleastoneoffollowingvisualreferences:
Runway,markings,lightsThreshold,markings,lightsTouchdownzone,markings,lightsREILVisualApproachSlopeIndicatorTheapproachlightsystem,exceptthatthepilotmaynotdescendbelow100feetabovethetouchdownzoneelevationusingtheapproachlightsasareferenceunlesstheredterminatingbarsortheredsiderowbarsarealsodistinctlyvisibleandidentifiable.,14CFR91.175,Section(d)FlightVisibility(seepart1.1definition)-Flightvisibilitymeanstheaverageforwardhorizontaldistance,fromthecockpitofanaircraftinflight,atwhichprominentunlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbydayandprominentlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbynight.,14CFR91.175,Section(e)MissedApproach-ifrequirementsof(c)notmet:
-Flightvisibilityatleastpublishedminimums-Aircraftinpositiontomakenormallanding-RunwayEnvironmentinsight,14CFR91.175,Section(f)CivilairportTakeoffminimums-Donotapplytopart91(notforhire)-only121,125,129,135(commercialoperations)-2enginesorless-1SM-morethan2engines-SMSection(g)MilitaryAirportsSection(h)RVR&visibility-notmathematicallyequivalent,uselegalchart!
14CFR91.175,Section(i)Unpublishedroutesandradarvectoringforapproaches-DontdescenduntilestablishedonPUBLISHEDroutesegmentSection(j)Procedureturnlimitations-NOPT,RadarVectors,timedapproachfromholdingfixSection(k)ILSComponentsSubstitutionsforILSpartsandpiecesCompassLocatormaysubstituteforOuterorMiddleMarkerbeacon,(howeversubstitutionnotnecessaryforinoperativeMM-minimumsdonotchange),14CFR91.177,MinimumAltitudesforIFROperationsApplicableminimumsMountainous(2000AGL/4nm)Other(1000AGL/4nm)MEA/MOCA/22nmClimbtohigherminimumimmediately,orMCAdesignated(wellcoverthisinmoredetailinEnrouteoperations),14CFR91.179,IFRCruisingAltitudeorFlightLevelIncontrolledairspaceassignedbyATCInuncontrolledairspaceEast/OddWest/Even(dontadd500ftforIFR)AboveFL2904000intervals,14CFR91.181,CourseToBeFlownIFRcontrolledairspaceonFederalairwaysstayoncenterlineonanyotherroutealongdirectcoursebetweennavaidsorfixesStillallowsformaneuveringandclearingturns,14CFR91.183,IFRRadioCommunicationsMandatoryreportsUnforecastweatherconditionsSafetyofflightAltitudeandtimepassingeachcompulsoryreportingpointorifinradarcontactrequestedreportingpoints(wellcoverthisinmoredetailinEnrouteoperations),14CFR91.185,IFROperations:
Two-WayRadioFailureVMC:
ContinueVFR&landassoonaspracticableIMCRouteAssigned-RadarVector-Expect-asFiledinFlightPlanAltitudeHighestof:
Minimum-Expect-AssignedLeaveclearancelimitatEFCTimeorETAifnoEFC(wellcoverthisinmoredetailinEmergencyprocedures),14CFR91.187,OperationsunderIFRinControlledAirspace:
Reportanymalfunctionsof:
NavigationalequipmentApproachequipmentCommunicationequipmentContentofreportwhoyouarewhatbroke-howitaffectsyourIFRcapability-assistanceneeded?
(wellcoverthisinmoredetailinEmergencyprocedures),“GRABCARDD”91.205(d)&(e),GeneratororalternatorRadios:
Two-wayCommunicationANDnavigationequipmentappropriatetofacilitiesusedAltimeter(adjustable)Ball(slip&skid)ClockAttitudeIndicatorRateofturnindicatorDirectionalgyroDMEat&aboveFL240,14CFR91.211,SupplementalOxygenrequired:
(1)Atcabinpressurealtitudesabove12,500feet(MSL)uptoandincluding14,000feet(MSL)forthatpartoftheflightmorethan30minutes
(2)Atcabinpressurealtitudesabove14,000feet(MSL)requiredminimumflightcrewduringtheentireflighttimeatthosealtitudes(3)Atcabinpressurealtitudesabove15,000feet(MSL)eachoccupantoftheaircraftmustbeprovidedwithsupplementaloxygen.,14CFR91.215,Transponderrequired:
Allaircraft.InClassA,ClassB,andClassCairspaceareas;Allaircraft.Inallairspacewithin30nauticalmilesofaprimaryclassBairportfromthesurfaceupwardto10,000feetMSL;AllaircraftinallairspaceabovetheceilingandwithinthelateralboundariesofaClassBorClassCairspaceareadesignatedforanairportupwardto10,000feetMSL;andInallairspaceofthe48contiguousstatesandtheDistrictofColumbiaatandabove10,000feetMSL,excludingtheairspaceatandbelow2,500feetabovethesurfaceATCauthorizeddeviations:
Foroperationofanaircraftthatisnotequippedwithatransponder,therequestmustbemadeatleastonehourbeforetheproposedoperation.,Equipmenttests91.413,AirworthinessDirectives(recurring/one-time)VOR(preceding30days)Inspections(Annual/100hourifforhire)Altimeter(preceding24calendarmonthsTransponder(preceding24calendarmonths)ELT(preceding12calendarmonths)Staticsystem(preceding24calendarmo.),14CFR97,STANDARDINSTRUMENTAPPROACHPROCEDURES97.3Symbols&termsusedinproceduresYoulllearnthesewhenwestudyapproachesSubpartC:
TERPS“USStandardsforTerminalInstrumentProcedures”,NTSBPart830.1,ApplicabilityPart830containsrulesconcerning:
InitialnotificationIMMEDIATELYLaterreportingofaircraftincidentsaircraftaccidentsotheroccurrences,NTSBPart830.2,DefinitionsAircraftaccidentPublic/civilaircraftFatalinjuryIncidentOperatorSeriousinjurySubstantialdamage,NTSBPart830.5,ImmediateNotificationListsexamplesofaircraftaccidentsorincidentstoreportCollisionElectricalandhydraulicforlargemulti-engineaircraftInflightfireOverdueaircraft,NTSBPart830.6,InformationtobeGiveninNotificationLists9specificinformationpartstoinitialnotificationofaccidents,incidents,andoverdueaircraft,NTSBPart830.10,PreservationofAircraftWreckage,Mail,Cargo,andRecordsExamplesrecordingmediumsofflightmaintenancevoicerecordersCanmovetohelppersons,furtherpreventdamage,orprotectthepublic,NTSBPart830.15,ReportsandStatementstobeFiled10daysafteraccident7daysafteroverdueaircraftisstillmissingAsrequestedforanincidentReportsfiledwiththefieldofficeoftheBoardnearesttheaccidentorincident.,
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