高考英语阅读理解基础练习题47及答.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础练习题47及答.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础练习题47及答
2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题(47)及答
专题******推理判断
一、题型特点与解题技巧
这类题属于主观题,是层次较高的设题。
它包括判断和推理题。
这两类题常常相互依存,推理是为了得出正确的判断,正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。
所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:
即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。
题目数量分布均匀,并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。
常见的题干有:
1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.
2)Wecanconcludethat.
3)Whenthewritertalksabout...,whathereallymeansisthat.
4)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上,对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。
推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。
1)判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。
切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2)全面分析所有相关信息,切忌片面思考,得出片面结论。
3)善于揣摩作者思路,尽可能与作者的思路吻合。
4)不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。
注意点:
1.如果是对某段内容进行推断,那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。
Exchangeaglancewithsomeone,thenlookaway.Doyourealizethatyouhavemadeastatement?
Holdtheglanceforasecondlonger,andyouhavemadeadifferentstatement.Holditfor3seconds,andthemeaninghaschangedagain.
Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat____.
A.everyglancehasitssignificance
B.staringatapersonisanexpressionofinterest
C.agazelongerthan3secondsisunacceptable
D.aglanceconveysmoremeaningthanwords
2.选项措词过于绝对化的,一般不是答案项。
IrecentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushasdoubleditsminoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeenaprofessorthereforalongtime,andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthecommunity,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Now,allofusfeeltheuniversityisbetterbecauseofthediversity.
ItcanbeinferredformthePassagethat____.
A.minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity
B.Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity
C.itisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.Smedia
D.Diversitycanresultinbettermanagement.
3.合乎常理,意义深刻,或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项,而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。
Theillegalkillingofrhinos(犀牛)fortheirhornsisincreasinginAfricaandAsia.Rhinocerospoachers(偷猎者)arekillinganestimatedtwotothreeoftherareanimalseachweek.
TheestimateforZimbabweistwohundredthirty-five.Thesituationthreatensgainsmadeinitsrhinopopulationsinthenineteennineties.Inthelasttwoyears,onlysixpeoplewerefoundguiltyofpoachingchargesoutofforty-onearrested.
Notallthenewsisbad,however,Rhinopopulationsareincreasinginsomeareas.TheseincludebothwhiterhinosandblackrhinosinthewildinAfrica.
Wildlifeactivitiesareurginggovernmentstodomoretofightrhinopoaching.
Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____________.
A.theprotectionofrhinoinZimbabweoncegotimprovedinthe1990s
B.onlywildlifeactivistsareresponsiblefortheprotectionofrhinos
C.thenumberoftherhinosisgettingbiggerinsomeareas.
D.illegalhuntingofrhinoscanonlybeforbiddenwhengovernmentsact
What’sthetoneofthepassage?
A.NegativeB.ObjectiveC.WorriedD.Positive
4.弄清主题意思。
在处理与全文主旨有关的题时,或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时,一定要放慢速度将各段,尤其是全文首尾句意读懂,再快速阅读其他部分。
Youcanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstances.Thelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofus.Everyonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficulties.Disagreements,conflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehuman.Similarly,money,growingold,sickness,deathsnaturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeings.Butsomepeopleareabletomakeit,toavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrences,whileotherscollapseorhaveanN.B.D.Thosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddon'tmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknow;also,themostrare.
Inthisparagraph,theauthortellsusthat___.
A.difficultiesarebutpartofeveryone’slife
B.depressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife
C.everybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances
D.goodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列四篇短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B/C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
WeliveincentralPhoenix,nearthecanal.EverydayIusedtoseeahomelessoldmanandhisscruffylittledoghangingoutdownthere.
Iwouldtellmyhusbandweshouldgivehimfoodforthelittledog.Itwouldn'thavebeenaproblem;wehaveourown"minifarm"ofanimals!
Buthewouldsay"OK!
"andthenblowtheideaoffbecauseofourbusiness.
BeinginPhoenix,Arizona,youcanjustimaginehowhotitgetshere,buthiswinterwasreallychilly!
IhadjustcomefromKFCwithtake-outfoodfordinner.AsIwasturningbythecanal,themanandhisdogweresittingrightthereallbundledup.Eventhedoggyhadacoaton!
Noteventhinkingaboutit,Ipulledintotheparkinglotalongthecanalandpiledupaplateofchickenwithalthefixingsforthemanandhislittlebuddy.Igaveittohimwithasodaandabottleofwaterforthelittledog.Hesaid,"Thankyou,sweetie.Youareanangel."Andthereweretearswellingupinhiseyes!
Itoldhimhewssowelcome,andthenwenthome.
WhenmyhusbanddugintotheKFCgagheasked,"Wereyouhungry,orwhat?
"ItoldhimwhatIdidandhesaid,"Onlyyou!
"ThenhetoldmeIhaddoneagoodthing.
Afewweekslater,wewerewalkingalongthecanalandfoundthemanwalkingtome,withhislittledog.HeaskedwhetherIwouldmindadoptingthedog.Withtearsineyes,hesaidithadgottentoohardforhimtocareforthedog.HeaddedthathewasplanningonheadingtoWashingtonStatebuthisdogwouldn'thavebeenuptoit,sohehopedtogiveittome."Onlyyou!
Inthiscity,youaretheonlypersonIcanbelievein!
"
Now,everytimeIwatchandpatthepuppylyingnearthefireplace,Iwillrecalltheoldman'swordsandwishhimgoodluck.
26.Theauthorandherhusbanddidn'tkelptheoldmanatthebeginningbecause_______
A.theyhadafarmofanimalstofeedB.theydidn'thavefoodevenforthemselves.
C.theyworkedbusilyandoftenforgetit.D.theywereunwillingtohelpamanwithadog.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
由“Buthewouldsay"OK!
"andthenblowtheideaoffbecauseofourbusiness.”可知我们一开始没有帮助老人是因为生意太忙,而忘记了。
故选C。
27.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraph3?
A.Shegavetheoldmansomefoodonacoldday.
B.Shemettheoldmanafterfinishingherdinner.
C.Sheofferedtheoldmannothingbutchicken.
D.Sheburstintotearsafterhelpingtheoldman.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。
由“Ipulledintotheparkinglotalongthecanalandpiledupaplateofchickenwithalthefixingsforthemanandhislittlebuddy.Igaveittohimwithasodaandabottleofwaterforthelittledog.”可知在那个寒冷的日子,作者给了老人一些食物。
28.Whatdidtheauthor'shusbandfeelwhenshetoldhimwhatshehaddone?
A.Grateful.B.DelightedC.IndifferentD.Disappointed
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
由“ThenhetoldmeIhaddoneagoodthing.”可知作者的丈夫为她所做的事情感到高兴。
故选B。
29.Whydidtheoldmanhopetogivethedogtotheauthor?
A.Becauseheknewtheeauthorwasalsoadoglover.
B.Becausetheauthorwasthepersonhecouldtrust.
C.Becausetheauthorwastheonlypersonheknew.
D.Becausehebelievedthathisdoglikedtheauthor.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
由"Onlyyou!
Inthiscity,youaretheonlypersonIcanbelievein!
"可知老人把狗给她,是因为她是老人信任的人。
故选B。
30.Whatcanweinferfromtheendingofthepassage?
A.Theauthorrefusedtheoldman'srequest.B.Theauthormissestheoldmanandhisdog.
C.Theauthorfeelstheoldmanwasverylucky.D.Theauthoradoptedtheoldman'sdog.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。
由最后一段“……everytimeIwatchandpatthepuppylyingnearthefireplace,……”可知作者收养了老人的狗。
故选D.
专题--------猜词悟义
一、题型特点与解题技巧
在英语阅读中,利用上下文或句子结构猜测词义是学生必备的阅读能力之一。
培养猜测词义的能力,不仅有助于提高阅读速度,扩大词汇量,还能增强学习英语的信心。
一、巧借生词本身
在英语文章中,一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解,对它们可就词论词,不必猜测词义。
例如.
1.Thelargestspiderintheworldisthegoliathtarantula.
2.Heldonafarm,theGlastonburyfestivalisthemostwell-knownandpopularintheU.K.
二、巧用上下文信息
在阅读中,可根据上下文的语境暗示,运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。
例如:
1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveupeasily.
2.Thefemalemosquitoisavampireandlivesonblood.
三、利用同义词或近义词
为使自己的意思表达得更清楚,作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。
例如:
1.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Theprincipaloftheschoolwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.
2.Allthemembersareofthesameopinions.Theyareunanimous.
四、运用定义或释义
阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。
为帮助读者理解,作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。
对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首,也是主题句。
有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。
因而,借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。
例如:
1.Theenemysoldierssurrendered,thatis,threwtheirweaponsandwalkedoutwiththeirhandsabovetheirheads.
2.Thewordecologymeansthestudyoftherelationshipbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.
用来表示定义或释义的提示语有:
mean,referto,bedefinedas,bedescribedas,beknownas,becalled,betermed,thatis,or,inotherwords等。
五、巧用构词法
阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义。
通过分析词缀及词根,不仅可猜测单词含义,还有利于扩大词汇量。
例如:
1.Theyoverestimatetheinterviewer’sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.
2.Takeoutallremovablepartsandwashthemwithwarmwater.
掌握一些常见词缀及含义。
如:
形容词后缀有-ful,-less,-y,-ing,-able等;
名词后缀有-or,-er,-tion,-ist,-th,-ment,-age,-ness等;构成反义词的前缀有un-,dis-.in-,im-,ir-,non-等。
有特定意义的词缀有re-(重新,再),co-(合作的),anti-(反对的),over-(过高的),micro-(微型的),fore-(超前的),inter-(国际的,相互的),pre-(先前的,提前的),super-(超级的),tele-(远)等。
六、巧借标点符号
有时为了让读者更清楚文中某个词或短语的含义,作者经常借助标点符号(如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等)直接为生词提供定义或解释。
例如:
1.InRussiaifwegiveflowersasapresent,wehavetogiveanoddnumberofthem(one,three,five,etc)becauseev
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