写作summary讲义.docx
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写作summary讲义.docx
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写作summary讲义
Summarizing
I.Definition:
Asummaryisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.Itreproducesthethemeoftheoriginalwithasfewwordsaspossible.Whenonewritesasummary,oneshouldnotinterpretorcomment.Allonehastodoistogivethegistoftheauthor’sexactandessentialmeaning.
II.Usesofsummarywriting
1.Summarywritingisaverygoodexerciseforimprovingreadingcomprehension.
2.Summarywritingisalsohelpfultocompositionwriting.
3.Summarywritinghaspracticaluses.
III.Procedure
1.Reading
(1)Firstreadthepassagethroughcarefullytogetthegistofit.
(2)Giveatitletoyoursummary.
(3)Youshouldnowbeinapositiontodecidewhatpartsofthepassageareessentialandwhatpartsarecomparativelyunimportantandcanbeomittedwithoutmuchloss.
(4)Jotdowninbriefnotesthemainpoints---thesubject,thetitleandthedetailswhichyouconsideressentialorimportant.
2.Writing
(1)Asummaryshouldusuallybeaboutone-thirdtoone-fourthaslongastheoriginalpassage.
(2)Thesummaryshouldbeallinyourownwords.
(3)Youshouldfollowthelogicalorderoftheoriginalpassageifpossible.
(4)Thesummaryshouldbeself-contained.
(5)Summarywritingisanexerciseincompression.
a.omitthedetails.
b.reducetheexamples.
c.simplifythedescriptions.
d.eliminateallrepetitions.
e.compresswordysentencesandchangephrasestowords.
f.usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords.
g.usetheshortestpossibletransitions.
h.putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.
Examples:
1.Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.
2.Theaccountthewitnessgaveoftheincidentmadeeveryonethathearditlaugh.
3.Theyactedinamannerthatrenderedthemliabletoprosecution.
4.Johnfellintotheriverand,beforehelpcouldreachhim,hesank.
5.Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.
6.BeautifulmountainslikeMountTai,LushanMountain,andYellowMountain,werevisitedbyonlyafewpeopleinthepast.Today,betterwages,holidayswithpay,newhotelsonthosemountains,andbettertrainandbusservices,havebroughtthemwithinreachofmanywhoneverthoughtofvisitingthemtenyearsago.
7.SheboughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervacation.
8.KatelookedatPauldisapprovingly,“Youusetoomuchsaltonyourfood,Paul---it’snotatallgoodforyou!
”Paulputdownhisknifeandfrowned,“Whyonearthnot!
Ifyoudidn’thavesaltonyourfooditwouldtasteawful...likeeatingcardboardorsand...justimaginebreadwithoutsaltinit.”
3.Revising
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