英美文学复习资料.docx
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英美文学复习资料.docx
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英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料
EnglishLiteraryHistory
1.BeowulfisregardedasthenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons.
2.Romanceisapopularliteraryforminthemedievalperiod.
3.GeoffreyChaucerhasbeencalledthefatherofEnglishpoetry.HismasterpieceisTheCanterburyTales.
4.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.
5.EdmundSpenserisknownas“thepoets’poet”.MasterpiecetheFaerieQueeneisagreatpoemofitsage.
6.ChristopherMarloweisthemostgiftedofthe“UniversityWits”.HismasterpiecesareTamburlaine,Dr.Faustus,theJewofMaltaandEdwardII.Marlowe’sgreatestachievementliesinthatheperfectedtheblankverseandmadeittheprincipalmediumofEnglishdramaandthecreationoftheRenaissanceheroforEnglishdrama.
7.WilliamShakespeareisoneofthemostremarkableplaywrightsandpoets.HisgreatesttragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth.TheMerchantofVeniceisthemostimportantplayamongthecomedies.
8.FrancisBaconisawell-knownRenaissancephilosopher,scientistandessayist.
9.JohnDonneistheleadingfigureofthe“Metaphysicalschool.”
10.Theneoclassicalperiod,thatistheeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofenlightenmentortheAgeofReason.EnlightenmentMovementbroughtaboutinrevivingtheinterestinoldclassicalworksisknownasneoclassicism.
11.Themid-centurywaspredominatedbyanewlyrisingliteraryform–themodernEnglishnovel.
12.JohnBunyanwasadevoutChristian,andafirmnon-conformistoftheAnglicanChurch.HismasterpieceisthePilgrim’sProgress.(最成功的宗教寓言诗)
13.AlexanderPope’sbestsatiricworkisTheDunciad(愚人志).
14.DanielDefoe’sworksarethefirstliterarywritingsdevotedtothestudyofproblemsofthelower-classpeople.
15.JonathanSwiftwasamastersatirist.His“AModestProposal”isgenerallytakenasaperfectmodel.
16.HenryFieldingisregardedas“fatheroftheEnglishNovel”.Hewasthefirsttosetout,bothintheoryandpractice,towritespecificallya“comicepicinprose”,thefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
17.SamuelJohnson,asalexicographer,distinguishedhimselfastheauthorofthefirstEnglishdictionarybyanEnglishman–ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.
18.RichardBrinsleySheridanistheonlyimportantEnglishdramatistoftheeighteenthcentury.Hisplays,especiallytheRivalsandtheSchoolforScandal,aregenerallyregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw,andasthetrueclassicsinEnglishcomedy.
19.ThomasGray’smasterpiece,“ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,”establisheshisfameastheleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especially“theGraveyardSchool.”
20.EnglishRomanticismisgenerallysaidtohavebegunin1798withpublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sLyricalBalladsandtohaveendedin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeathandthepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliament.
21.WilliamBlakewasliterarilythefirstimportantEnglishRomanticpoet.Symbolisminwiderangeisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.HismajorworksareSongsofInnocence,SongsofexperienceandMarriageofheavenandHell.
22.WilliamWordsworth,togetherwithRobertSoutheyandColeridge,becameknownasthe“LakePoets.”HepublishedLyricalBalladsincollaborationwithColeridge.Theprefacetothiscollectionofpoemsisconsideredasdeclarationsofromanticism.
23.SamualTaylorColeridgeandTheRimeoftheancientmariner
24.GeorgeGordonByron’smasterpieceisDonJuan,whichwascalledcomicepicandmockepic.
25.PercyByssheShelley’sgreatestachievementisPrometheusUnbound.Hismostwell-knownlyricis“OdetotheWestWind.”
26.JohnKeatsisknownforhismanygreatodes.
27.JaneAusten’sfirstnovelisSenseandSensibility.HermasterpiecesarePrideandPrejudice,andEmma.
28.Novelbecamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.
29.Realismemphasizesobjectivity,straightforwardandmatter-of-fact,andadoptsacriticaltone.
30.CharlesDickensisoneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge.Dickensisamasterofstory-telling,andCharacter-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworks.
31.BronteSisters:
CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronteandAnneBronte.Emilyischieflyfamousforheronlynovel,WutheringHeights.
32.AlfredTennyson’smasterpieceisInMemoriam.
33.GeorgeEliot,asapioneertothemodernpsychoanalyticalnovel,wasthefirstnovelistthat“startedputtingalltheactionsinside.”
34.ThomasHardy’sworks,knownas“novelsofcharacterandenvironment,”aremostrepresentativeofhimasbothanaturalisticandacriticalwriter.Influencedbynatureandenvironment.
35.Modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophyandthetheoryofpsychoanalysisasitstheoreticalbase.Themajorthemesofthemodernistliteraturearethedistorted,alienatedandillrelationshipbetweenmanandnature,manandsociety,manandman,andmanandhimself.
36.BernardShawisabrilliantdramatist.Mostofhisplaysareconcernedwithpolitical,economic,moral,orreligiousproblems,sohisplayscanbetermedasproblemplays.Hisplayshaveonepassiononly,thatis,indignation.
37.JohnGalsworthyisamodernnovelist.HisfirsttrilogyisForsyteSaga:
Themanofproperty,inchanceryandtoLet.
38.WilliamButlerYeatswasawardedNoblePrizeforliteraturein1923.Hiswell-knownpoemis“sailingtoByzantium.”
39.T.S.EliotwasoriginallyaveryfamousAmericanpoet,versedramatistandprosewriter.Hismajorpoemsare“thelovesongofJ.AlfredPrufrock”,and“thewasteland.”
40.D.H.LawrenceisoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe20thcenturyandalsothegreatestfromaworking-classfamily.TheRainbowandWomeninLoveareregardedashismasterpieces.
41.JamesJoyceisthemostprominentstream-of-consciousnessnovelist.HismasterpieceisUlysses.
42.WashingtonIrvingwasoneofthefirstAmericanwriterstoearnaninternationalreputation.HisTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,GentcontainsthefirstmodernAmericanshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature:
RipVanwinkleand“theLegendofSleepyHollow”.
43.RalphWaldoEmersontheAmericantoweringfigureofhisera,wasresponsibleforbringingTranscendentalismtoNewEngland.HisEssaysincludeshisbestwritingssuchasTheAmericanScholar,Self-reliance,TheOver-soul.
44.NathanielHawthorneisoneofthemostinteresting,yetmostambivalentwritersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.HismasterpiecesincludeTheScarletLetter.
45.WaltWhitmanisanationalfigureinAmericanliteraryhistory.HisLeavesofGrasshasalwaysbeenconsideredamonumentalwork,containing“songofmyself.”
46.HermanMelville’sMoby-Dickisoneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.
47.EdgarAlanPoeisafamousfictionalwriter,shortstorywriter.
48.JamesFenimoreCooper’slastingfamerestsonhisfrontierstories,includingTheDeerslayer,TheLastoftheMohicans,thepathfinder,ThePioneers,andthePrairie.
49.MarkTwain,pennameofSamuelLanghorneClements,isagreatliterarygiantofAmericaandisconsideredthetruefatherofAmericanliterature.Heisknownasalocalcolorist.MajorworksareAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnandtheAdventuresofTomSawyer.
50.HenryJamesisthefirstAmericanwritertoconceivehiscareerininternationaltermsandthefounderofsteam-of-consciousness.BestworksaretheAmbassadors,andTheGoldenBowl.
51.EmilyDickinsonistheonlywomaninthisperiod.
52.TheodoreDreiserisgenerallyacknowledgedasoneofthegreatestAmerica’sliterarynaturalists.SisterCarrieishisbest-knownnovelandAnAmericanTragedyishisgreatestwork.
53.StephanCraneisapioneerwritinginnaturalistictradition.HeismainlyfamousforTheRedBadgeofCourage.
54.EzraPound,aleadingspokesmanofthe“ImagistMovement,”wasoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanpoetsofthe20thcentury.
55.RobertFrostisafour-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.
56.EugeneO’NeillisAmerica’sgreatestplaywright.HewastheonlydramatistevertowinaNobelPrize.Heiswidelyacclaimed“founderoftheAmericandrama.”MasterpieceisLongDaysJourneyIntoNight.
57.FrancisScottFitzgeraldwasamostrepresentativefigureofthe1920s.Hiswork,TalesoftheJazzAge,madethe20scalledJazzera.
58.ErnestHemingwayisoneofthemostpopularAmericannovelistsof20thcenturyandaspokesmanofthe“LostGeneration.”NovelsincludeAFarewelltoArms,theOldManandtheSea.
Quiz
1.TheVictorianperiodhasbeengenerallyregardedasoneofthemostgloriousintheEnglishhistory.
2.Theworseninglivingandworkingconditions,themassunemploymentandthenewPoorLawof1834withitsworkhousesystemfinallygaverisetotheChartistMovement.
3.TheBrontesistersreferstoCharlotteBronte,EmilyBronteandAnneBronte.
4.RobertBrowningisnoteworthyforhismasteryofthedramaticmonologueform.
5.Faulkner’snovelthesoundandthefurydescribesthedecayanddownfallofanoldsouthernaristocraticfamily,symbolizingtheoldsocialorder.
6.ThepoemTheRedWheelbarrowwrittenbyWilliamCarlosWilliamsexemplifiestheImagist-influencedPhilosophyof“noideasbutinthings.”
7.E.E.CummingsisthemostinterestingexperimentalistsinmodernAmericanpoetry.
第二部分:
诗歌
1.TheTideRises,TheTideFallsHenryWadsworthLongfellow
♦Footprintsin“TheTideRises,TheTideFalls”:
Thetransientnatureofhumanachievement
2.“SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays”byWilliamWordsworth
Laststanzacreatesakindofperfectpatho
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