山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八.docx
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山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八.docx
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山东省临沂实验学校高考英语模拟卷八
山东省临沂实验学校2020年高考英语模拟卷(八)
(考试时间:
100分钟)
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第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
ThelatestdiettrendinAmericaisalsoanancienthumanactivity.Theactivityisfasting,ornoteatingfoodforasetamountoftime.
SocialmediaappsandFacebookgroupsareappearingforpeoplewhodo“intermittentfasting,”orfastingonapart-timebasis.Likeotherdiets,intermittentfastinghelpsyouloseweightbysettinglimitsoneating.Butinsteadoflimitingwhatyoueat,itlimitswhenyoueat.
MelissaBreauxBankstonisaCrossfitinstructorinNewOrleans,Louisiana.Shetriedintermittentfastingasawaytoreducehersnacking.“IwantedtolimittheamountoftimethatIwaseating,”shesaid.
However,fornow,limitedresearchsuggestsitmaynotbeanybetterforweightlossthanreducingcalorieintakeoverthelongterm.
“It’sreallyanotherwayoffoolingyourbodyintoeatinglesscalories,”saidKristaVarady,whostudiesintermittentfastingattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.
CourtneyPeterson,oftheUniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,alsostudiesintermittentfasting.Shesuggestedthebenefitsofintermittentfastingarenotasgreatassomemightsuggest.“Unfortunately,intermittentfastinggetsalittlehyped,”shesaid.
Somehealthexpertssayintermittentfastingmightbetoodifficultformanypeople.Theypointtoastudyof100peoplewherethoseplacedinafastinggrouplostaboutthesameamountofweightasthoseondietsthatrestrictedcalories.Thefastinggrouphadadropoutrateof38percent,comparedwith29percentforthecaloric-restrictiondietgroup.
Butintermittentfastingmaybeeasierforpeoplewhoalreadyskipmealswhentheyaretoobusy,saidVarady.Peopleinterestedinintermittentfastingshouldtalktotheirdoctorbeforetryingit.Healthexpertsdonotrecommendintermittentfastingforchildren,peopleonsomemedicationsandpeoplewithahistoryofeatingdisorders.
1.Whatdointermittentfastingandotherdietshaveincommon?
A.Theylimitwhatyoueat.B.Theylimitwhenyoueat.
C.Theyhelppeopleloseweight.D.Theyareonapart-timebasis.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hyped”inparagraph6mean?
A.Ignored.B.Overstated.C.Welcomed.D.Rejected.
3.Whichstatementisrightaccordingtothepassage?
A.Intermittentfastingisveryeffective.
B.Intermittentfastingisdifficultforallpeople.
C.Peoplecantryintermittentfastingastheylike.
D.Allpeoplearenotadvisedtodointermittentfasting.
B
Itbeganasagame:
Highschoolandcollegestudentsstudyingcomputertechnologyfiguredouttheycouldusepersonalcomputerstobreakintotelephonecompanycomputersandmakefree,long-distancetelephonecalls.Theseyoungcomputertalentssoongainedthename"hackers".
Policearrestedafewhackers,butmanywentontoevenmorecomplexhacking.Oneofthemwasarrestedformakingillegaltelephonecallsandlaterheusedaphonetochangeapoliceofficer'screditrecordstogetbackattheofficerforarrestinghim.Healsousedacomputertochangehiscollegerecordstogivehimselfbettergrades.
Ashackersgainedexperience,theybeganinvadingcomputersatbanks,airlinesandotherbusinesses.Inonecaseahackerinstructedanairline'scomputertogivehimfreeairplanetickets.
TheU.S.governmentisworriedthathackersmaybreakintoitsnetworksofdefensecomputers.Thegovernment'ssecretsareeasilyattackedbecausethousandsofgovernmentcomputersareconnectedbytelephonelinesthathackerscangetinto.
InNovember1988,acollegestudententeredaU.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledArpanet.ThehackerinjectedacomputerprogramthatmadecopiesofitselfthroughoutArpanet.Somehackersusevirusestodestroyallthedatainacomputer.Butinthiscase,governmentofficialsshutdownthenetworkbeforetheprogramreachedeverycomputerinthesystem.Shuttingdownthesystemangeredmanyresearcherswhowereusingthecomputers.Thehackerturnedhimselfintothepoliceandhewaschargedwithacrime.
TheincidentputthespotlightoncomputerhackingintheUnitedStates.Manycompanieshavehiredexpertstoprotecttheircomputersfromhackers,andmanycomputerexpertsnowadvisecompaniesonhowtoprotecttheircomputers.
TheU.S.governmentbelievesforeigngovernmentshavehiredhackerstotrytobreakintotop-secretdefensecomputers.
Expertsdisagreeoverwhetheracomputernetworkcaneverbesafefromhacking.Butinthefuture,someofthemostoutstandingmindsintheU.S.willbeworkingtofrustratetheattemptsofcomputerhackers.
4.Whatdidthefirsthackersdo?
A.Theybrokeintogovernmentcomputers.B.Theydestroyedairplaneticketsystems.C.Theyplayedcomputergames.D.Theymadefreephonecalls.
5.WhycanU.S.governmentcomputersbeeasilyhackedinto?
A.Theyhavenodefensesystems.B.Theyareconnectedbytelephonelines.
C.Theyarepartlyaccessibletothepublic.D.Theylackcomplexprocessingprograms.
6.WhathappenedtothegovernmentcomputersinNovember1988?
A.Theylostalloftheimportantdata.
B.Theywereshutdownbyresearchers.
C.Theywereinvadedbyacollegestudent.
D.Theygottotallyruinedbyacomputerprogram.
7.Whatdidcompaniesdecidetodotoprotecttheircomputersystems?
A.Employcomputertalents.B.Buildsecretdefensesystems.
C.Askthegovernmentforhelp.D.Collectandanalyzethedataofhackers.
C
Yourcolleague’ssharpcommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsaretrappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled“self-distancing”,
theabilitytotakeastepbackandviewyourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experiencelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.
Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?
Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”studentconflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking,“Ican’tbelievehedidthattome.”Andanotherinsists,
“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthemtotaketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:
“Whywashesohurtinthissituation?
”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?
”Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangeinpointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.First,considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focusonusingthird-personpronouns,he,she,they,andtheywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,askyourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?
”Thisformofmentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.
8.Whatisself-distancing?
A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions.B.Astressfulsituation.
C.Astudyonrelievingemotionalstress.D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.
9.Paragraph2isdevelopedby.
A.exampleB.definition
C.classificationD.process
10.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?
A.I’mangrywithhim.
B.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!
C.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?
D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen...
11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.WhySelf-distancingMatters
B.TheApplicationofSelf-distancing
C.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflection
D.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactions
D
Pangolins(穿山甲)arethemosttrafficked(非法交易)mammalsintheworldandarefacingextinction.Todrawattentiontothesescaly(有鳞片的),anteater-likeanimals,anewwildlifedocumentary,EyeofthePangolin,isattemptingauniquewaytoinspireactionandconservation.Partneringwiththenon-profitorganizationPangolin.Africa,thedocumentarywasmadeavailableonYouTubeinMay2019.TheintentionistoreachcommunitieswherevertheInternetisavailable,especiallyAfricancommunities,wholiveneartheanimal’shabitats.
Overtwoyears,thedocumentarycrewtraveledtoSouthAfrica,Ghana,CentralAfricanRepublicandGaboninsearchofthefouruniquespeciesofpangolin,whichhasneverbeenachievedbefore.FilmmakersBruceYoungandJohanVermeulensaythattheywentintotheshootknowingrelativelylittleaboutpangolins,butgrewtorespectandappreciatetheanimals.Gettingclosetothecreaturesovertwoyearswasacrashcourseinthesesecretivecreatures.JohanVermeulensaid,"Onethinghoweverthatmightseemunimportantisthattheyareactuallyquitefussyeaters.Youwouldthinktheywouldeatanytypeofant,buttheyallpreferaspecifictypeant."
PangolinsarehuntedillegallyacrossAfricafortheirscales,whichareusedfortraditionalmedicine,andtheirmeat.InApril2019,Singaporeancustomsofficialsconductedtwoseparateseizuresof24tonsofpangolinscales,whichequalstothedeathof69,000pangolins.
Thoughthedocumentaryfocuseslessonthetraffickingofpangolins,andmoreontheanimalsintheirnaturalhabitat,
theaimofthedocumentaryistoinspireviewersaroundtheworldtocallforacti
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