研究奥巴马就职演讲中的美国价值观.docx
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研究奥巴马就职演讲中的美国价值观.docx
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研究奥巴马就职演讲中的美国价值观
Acknowledgments
Thanksforgivingmethischaneetoachievethispaperandtomakeaconclusionformyfouryears'universityeducation.Throughwriting
thispaper,IhaveacquiredmoreknowledgethanIsupposed.
Mysincerethanksareduetomysupervisor,Ms.ZouQiangzhen,forhelpingmetoclarifymymindsandstrengthenthedepthofmythinking.
Here,Ialsowanttogivemythankstootherteachersandmyclassmateswhogavememuchhelp.Thankyou!
Abstracts
BarackObamaisthefirstAfricanAmericantohaveservedasapresident,aswellasanoutstandingorator.Hisinauguraladdressesattractedmuchattentionbothabroadandathomeeversincetheirdelivery.HetalksaboutAmericanconditionsinthreeways—
individual,societyandcountry,andexpresseshisviewsonlife,freedomaswellasthepursuitofhappiness.Hisaddressesarenotonlytheexpressionofsentencesandtheembodimentofinternalthought,butalsothesideofAmericanculture.ThestudyofthispaperisbasedonObama'stwoinauguralspeeches,andthepaperspecializesinanalyzingthecultureofAmericanvaluesthatcontainedinthesespeeches.DuetothedifferentsystemsofvaluesbetweenChinaandAmerica,ontheonehand,researchingonObama'swonderfulspeechescanallowChinesetohaveabetterrecognitionandunderstandingoftheconcretecontentsofAmericanvalues.Ontheotherhand,itcontributestoafurthercomprehensionofAmericansocietyandcultureandthepromotionofmutualcommunicationsandexchanges.
KeyWords:
Americanvalues;freedom;culture
摘要
奥巴马是美国第一任非洲裔总统,也是一位杰出的演说家。
他的就职演讲发表后引起了国内外广泛的关注,他从个人、社会、国家三个方面讲了美国的形势和国情,也表达了他对生存,自由的看法以及对幸福的追求。
他的演讲不仅仅
是言语的表达,内在思想的体现,更是美国文化的侧面体现。
本文以奥巴马的
两次就职演讲为研究对象,重点分析了演讲中体现出的美国价值观文化。
由于中美两国不同的价值观体系,研究奥巴马总统的精彩演说一方面有助于中国人更好地认识,理解美国人具体的价值观内容。
另一方面有助于中国人进一步了
解美国的社会和文化,增进彼此的沟通和交流关键词:
美国价值观;自由;文化
Contents
TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\u1.1Production1
2.ValuesandAmericanValues2
2.1TheDefinitionofValues2
2.2TheDefinitionofAmericanValues2
3.AmericanValuesinInauguralSpeechofObama3
3.1PursuingFreedom3
3.2EmphasizingEquality5
3.3ValuingPractice7
3.4PromotingInnovation8
3.5AdvocatingFairCompetition9
3.6UpholdingHardWork10
4.Conclusion11
Bibliography12
AStudyontheAmericanValuesinInauguralSpeechofBarackObama
1.Introduction
OnJanuary21st,2013,BarackObamadeliveredhissecondinauguraladdresstotheAmericanpublicasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates,andthefirstonewasin2009.BarackObamaisthefirstAfricanAmericantohaveservedasapresident,aswellasanoutstandingorator.Hisinauguraladdresseshaveattractedmuchattentionbothabroadandathomeeversinceitsdelivery.HetalksaboutAmericansituationsinthreeways—individual,societyandcountry.Thesubjectsofhisaddressesarelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappinessaboutAmericans.ThesetwospeechesnotonlyhaveapowerfulpersuasionbutalsogiveafulldescriptionofAmericanculture.SoitisnecessarytoelaborateonObama'sspeeches.
Throughtheconsultingalargenumberofliteratures,relevantbooksandsearchingrelatedcontentontheInternet,itcanbeseeninrecentyearsthatalotofscholarshaveexploredthesetwospeeches
fromdifferentaspectsandgotspectacularfindings.Somescholars
studyObama'sinauguralspeechesfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric.
Forexample,ZhengLinlinstudiestheinfluenceofNeo-Aristotelian
rhetoriconObama'sspeeches(6).Somescholarsstudythespeeches
fromtheperspectiveofIanguagecharacteristics.Somescholarsbased
onthetheoreticalframeworkoffunctionallinguistics,investigate
theexpressionofinterpersonalmeaninginObama'sinaugural
addressesaswellashowinterpersonalmeaningcontainedinthe
sourcespeechestextsareconvertedintoChinese.Intermsof
functionalequivalenee,somescholarsanalyzeObama'sspeechesfromtheperspectiveofliterature.Forexample,LiuQianstudythe
featureofliterarystyleofObama'sspeeches(5).Somescholars
discusstheculturalconnotationimpliedinObama'sspeeches,for
example,WangXuemeiandLuoLingzhi'spapertitledObama'sSpeech
andAmericanCulture,revealsAmericanuniquepoliticalsystem,
traditionalcultureandvalues(80).
But,fromtheaboveanalysis,itcanbefoundthatfewscholarsmake
afullanalysisofAmericanvaluesimpliedin
Obama'sinaugural
addresses.Forthisreason,thispaperoffersadiscussionof
AmericanvaluesthatcontainedinObama'sinauguraladdresses.With
respecttothesubstaneeofAmericanvalues,thesearehardwork,respectoffreedom,attachingmoreimportaneetorealitiesthanvision,thinkinghighlyoffaircompetition,enterpriseandinnovation,worshipequalityandpersonalstruggle.Forthefeature
ofAmericanvalues,wecanconcludethatitiswidelyinclusive
confluenee,andmoreorlessbeeninflueneedbytheirreligious
beliefs.
Americaemergedfrom13Britishcoloniesatthattime,butnowitis
adevelopedcountryonaglobescale,aninternationallypolitical
andculturalforceandaleaderinscientificresearchand
technologicalinnovations.SothispaperprobesintoAmericanvaluesinObama'sinauguralspeechescanallowChinesetohaveabetterrecognitionandunderstandingoftheconcretecontentsofAmericanvalues.Inadditionto,itcontributestoafurthercomprehensionofAmericansocietyandcultureandthepromotionofmutualcommunicationsandexchanges
2.ValuesandAmericanValues
InordertohaveadeepunderstandingofAmericanvaluesembodiedinObamasinauguralspeeches,itisnecessarytohaveaclearideawhatarevaluesandwhatareAmericanvalues.
2.1TheDefinitionofValues
Valuesarethebasiccriteriathatpeopleusetomeasuresomething.Theyarethewayofthinking,thereflectionofanation's
traditionalcultureandpsychologicalquality.Thenaturalandsocialenvironmentwherepeoplelive,aswellaspeople'ssocialstatusand
livingconditions,allofthosedeterminewhatkindofvaluespeople
have.Peoplelivinginthesameenvironmentwillformsimilarvalues.
Soeverysocietyhasitsownvalueswhichareacceptedbythewhole
public.Inlightofethics,valuesrefertothedegreeof
significanceofsomethingorsomebehavior,withtheaimof
determiningwhatisbestbehaviororwhatisbestwaytolive.Values
arecharacterizedbyobjectivity,subjectivity,sociallyhistorical
~TV・■・l■八■I-・%tI=■・,I,■
attributionandmultipledimensions.Valuesdominatepeople'sfaith,
attitude,outlookandbehavior,buttheyareofrelativestability
anddurability.People'svaluesarerelativelystableinspecific
locations,atparticulartimes,undergivenconditions.Forexample,
peoplealwayshavetheirownrulestocommentonsomething.Their
viewswillnotchangeuniesstheconditionsvary.Ofcourse,withthe
changeoftheireconomicstatus,lifevaluesandworldoutlook,
people'svaluesareindevelopment(Wang81).
Valuesvaryfrompersontoperson.Everyonehashisownvalues
becauseeveryonehashisownlifeexperienceandsocialbackground.
Personalvaluesprovideaninternalreferenceforwhatisgood,
beneficial,important,useful,beautiful,desirableandconstructive.
Valuesgeneratebehaviorandinfluencethechoicesmadebyan
individual.Valuesrelatetothenormsofaculture,buttheyare
moreglobalandabstractthannorms,valuesareabstractconceptsof
whatisimportantandworthwhile.
Valueshaveacloserelationshipwithcultures,cultureisthesumofmaterialcivilizationandspiritualcivilizationcreatedbyacountryoranationduringtheprocessofsocialdevelopmentValuesarethereflectionthatpeoplehaveforsocialexistenee,whichbelongtospiritualwealth.Therefore,theformationofvaluesisbasedondifferentculturalbackgrounds.Differentculturesreflectthedifferentvalues.Makingadeepanalysisofvaluesishelpfulforknowingmoreaboutoneculture.
2.2TheDefinitionofAmericanValues
America,duetoitsmuchshorterhistory,vastlandarea,multiple
racesandbeliefs,formsitsownuniquevalues.Thecontentsof
Americanvaluesincludethefollowing:
Upholdinghardworkreferstofightforindividualandcountrywith
theaimofleadingbetterlife.
Pursuingfreedommeanspersonalfreedomisprotectedbysomelawsandcountry'sfreedommaintainsbyitsprosperousnationalstrengthandpowerfulmilitaryforce.
ValuingpracticereferstoAmericanpublicthinkhighlyofrealitiesmorethanwords,theywillmakeachoiceaccordingtothespecific
conditions.
EmphasizingequalitymeanseverycitizenistreatedequallywhetherheisfromthestreetsofDetroittothehillofAppalachiaorthequietlanesofNewtown.
Promotinginnovationmeanstoimprove,itcanbeeasilyseeninAmerica,forinstanee,presidentialelectionandalargeamountofinventions.
AdvocatingfaircompetitionmeansAmericanwillstruggletogetwhathewant,theybelievethatcompetitioncanproducechallengeandpressure,whicharebeneficialtotheirenterpriseandeconomy.
3.AmericanValuesinInauguralSpeechofObama
AmericanvaluesarebestembodiedinObama'stwoinauguralspeeches.UnlikeChinese,Americaismainlyanationofimmigrants,itsvaluesowedtomuchitshistory,ideology,politicandsoon.Asaconsequeneeofthesefactors,thisresearchitselfisenormous,abundantandcomplex.Sotheauthor
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