美文学作家作品点评.docx
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美文学作家作品点评.docx
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美文学作家作品点评
TheRomanticPeriod-American
一、NathaneilHawthorne
1、Life
A-In1837,hepublishedTwice-ToldTales,acollectionofshortstorieswichattractedcriticalattention.
B-ThetalescollectedinMossesfromanOldManseandTheSnow-ImageandOtherTwice-ToldTalesbestdemonstrateHawthorne’searlyobsessionwiththemoralandpsychologicalconsequencesofpride,selfishness,andsecretguiltthatmanifestthemselvesinhumanbeings.
C-TheScarletLetter,alwaysregardedasthebestofhisworks,tellsasimplebutverymovingstoryinwhichfourpeoplelivinginaPuritancommunityareinvolvedinandaffectedbythesinofadulteryindifferentways.
D-ThehouseoftheSevenGableswasbasedonthetraditionofacurseprononcedontheauthor’sfamilywhenhisgreat-grandfatherwasajudgeintheSalemwitchcrafttrails.
E-TheBlithedaleRomanceisanovelherwrotetorevealhisownexperiencesontheBrookFarmandhisownmethodsasapsychologicalnovelist.
F-TheMarbleFaun,aromancesetinItaly,thebookisconcernedaboutthedarkaberrationsofthehumanspirit.
2、Critics
Imbuedwithaninquiringimagination,anintenselymeditativemind,andunceasinginterestinthe“interiorofthehear”ofman’sbeing,NathanielHawthorneremainsoneofthemostinteresting,yetmostambivalentwritersintheAmericanliteraryhistory.
3、View
AccordingtoHawthorne,“Thereisevilineveryhumanheart,whichmayremainlatent,perhaps,throughthewholelife;butcircumstancesmayrouseittoactivity.”InYoungGoodmanBron,hesetsouttoprovethateveryonepossessedsomeevilsecret.TheMinister’sBlackVeilgoesfurthertosuggestthateveryonetriestoholdtheevilsecretfromoneanotherinthewaytheministertriestoconvincehispeoplewithhisblackveil.
4、TheEffectionofPuritan’sOriginalSinonHim
A-OnesourceofevilthatHawthorneisconcernedmostisoverreachingintellect,whichusuallyreferstosomeonewhoistooproud,toosureofhimself.
B-Hawthorne’sviewofmanandhumanhistoryoriginates,toagreatextent,inPuritanism.
C-Hebelievedthat“thewrongdoingofonegenerationlivesintothesuccessiveones”,andoftenwonderedfihemighthaveinheritedsomeoftheirguilt.
D-Thissensibilityledtohisunderstandingofevilbeingattheverycoreofhumanlife,whichistypicaloftheCalvinisticbeliefthathumanbeingsarebasicallydepravedandcorrupted,hence,theyshouldobeyGodtoatonefortheirsins.EspeciallyinhisTheHouseoftheSevenGablesandtheScarletLetter.
E-Itprovideshimwithasubject,andontheother,withthePuritanworldorsocietyasahistoricalbackground,hediscussessomeofthemostimportantissuesthatconcernthemorallifeofmanandhumanhistory.
5、Work:
ScarletLetter
Hawthorne’sremarkablesenseofthePuritanpast,hisunderstandingofthecolonialhistoryinNewEngland,hisapparentpreoccupationwiththemoralissuesofsinandguilt,andhiskeenpsychologicalanalysisofpeoplearebroughttofulldisplayinhismasterpieceScarletLetter.
6、Arts
A-Hawthorneisextraoridnaryasamanofliterarycraftmanship.
B-Thestructureandtheformofhiswritingsarealwayscarefullyworkedouttocaterforthethematicconcern.
C-Withhisspecialinterestinthepsychologicalaspectofhumanbeings,thereisn’tmuchaction,orphysicalmovementgoingoninhisworksandheisgoodatexploringthecomplexityofhumanpsychology.
D-Thoughtpropelsactionandgrowsorganicallyoutoftheinteractionofthecharacters,aswecanfindinScarletLetter.
7、Work
YoungGoodmanBrown
Everyonepossessessomeevilsecret,Browniseveryone,hisjourneysymbolizesman’slifejourneyfrominnocencetoknowledge,fromgoodtoevil.FaithsymbolizesanincarnationofChristianbelief.
二、WaltWhitman
1、生平
LeavesofGrasshasalwaysbeenconsideredamonumentalworkwhichcommandsgreatattentionbecauseofitsuniquelypoeticembodimentofAmericandemocraticidealsaswritteninthefoundingdocumentsofboththeRevolutionaryWarintheUnitedStatesandtheCivilWar,andtheauthorofthebookisagiantofAmericanletters.ThismanisWaltWhitman.
2、LeavesofGrass
A-WaltWhitmanisapoetwithastrongsenseofmission,havingdevotedallhislifetothecreationofthe“single”poem,LeavesofGrass.
B-Hisaimwasnothinglessthantoexpresssomenewpoeticalfeelingsandtoinitiateapoetictraditioninwhichdifferenceshouldberecognized.Thegenuineparticipationofapoetinacommonculturaleffortwas,accordingtoWhitman,tobehaveasasupremeindividualist.
3、ThemeofPoems
A-AsWhitmansawit,poetrycouldplayavitalpartintheprocessofcreatinganewnation.ItcouldenableAmericanstocelebratetheirreleasefromtheOldWorldandthecolonialrule.Anditcouldalsohelpthemunderstandtheirnewstatusandtodefinethemselvesinthenewworldofpossibilities.
B-Heshowsconcernforthewholehardworkingpeopleandtheburgeoninglifeofcities.
C-Tohim,thefastgrowthofindustryandwealthincitiesindicatedalivelyfutureofthenation,despitethecrowded,noisyandsqualidconditionsandtheslacknessinmorality.
D-MostofthepoemsinLeavesofGrasssignofthe“en-masses”andtheselfaswell.Incelebratingtheself,Whitmangivesemphasistothephysicaldimensionoftheselfandopenlyandjoyouslycelebratessexuality.
4、PoliticalPoem
A-SomeofWhitman’spoemsarepoliticallycommitted.BeforeandduringtheCivilWar,WhitmanstoodfirmlyonthesideoftheNorthandwroteaseriesofpoemsincorporatinghisemotionsandfeelingsduringtheperiod,whichweregatheredasacollectionunderthetitleofDrumTaps.
B-Notaloverofviolenceandbloodshed,Whitmanexpressedmuchmourningforthesufferingsoftheyounglivesinthebattlefieldandshowedadeterminationtocarryonthefightingdauntlesslyuntilthefinalvictory,aswemayfindinpoems.OneofthefamousisWhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom’d.
5、ArtMethod
A-Whitman’spoeticstyleismarked,firstofall,bytheuseofthepoetic“I”.Speakinginthevoiceof“I”,Whitmanbecomesallthosepeopleinhispoems,andyetstillremains“WaltWhitman”,henceadiscoveryoftheselfintheotherwithsuchandidentification.
B-Whitmanisalsoradicallyinnovativeintermsoftheformofhispoetry.Whatheprefersforhisnewsubjectandnewpoeticfeelingsis“freevers”,thatis,poetrywithoutffixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.Alooserandmoreopen-endedsyntacticalstructureisfrequentlyfavored.
C-Asthepoet,Whitmancanbeconversationalandcasual,inthefluid,expansive,andunstructuredstyleoftalking,likeoneoftheordinarymen.
D-Sowhenwereadhispoems,wecanfeeltherhythmofWhitman’sthoughtandcadencesofhisfeeling.Parallelismandphoneticrecurrenceatthebeginningofthelinesalsocontributetothemusicalityofhispoems.
6、LanguageCharacter
A-Contrarytotherhetoricoftraditionalpoetry,Whitmanisrelativelysimpleandevenrathercrude.Mostofthepictureshepaintedwithwordsarehonest,undistrtedimagesofdifferentaspectsofAmericaoftheday.
B-Theparticularityabouttheseimagesisthattheyareunconventionalinthewaytheybreakdownthesocialdivisionbasedonreligion,gender,class,andrace.
C-Whitman’slanguageishisstrongtendencytouseoralEnglish,whichhasalottodowithhisearlycareerasanewspapermanandtheAmericans’traditionallovefororationsandorators.
7、Effection
Thoughhewasattackedinhislifetimeforhisoffensivesubjectmatterofsexualityandforhisunconventionalstyle,WaltWhitmanhasprovedagreatfigurentheliteraryhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbecauseheembodiesanewideal,anewworldanewlife-style,andhisinfluenceoverthefollowinggenerationsissignificantandincredible.
8、Works
TherewasaChildWentForth
Itreflectsthenaturalprocessofachild’sgrowth,inthepoemWhitman’sownearlyexperiencemaywellbeidentifiedwiththechildhoodofayoung,alsosymbolizedgrowingAmerica.
SongofMyself
InthispoemWhitmansetsforthtwoprincipalbeliefs:
thetheoryofuniversality,whichisillustratedbylengthycataloguesofpeopleandthings,andthebeliefinthesingularityandequalityofallbeinginvalue.
三、HermanMelville
1、Life
Oneofthehalf-dozenmajorAmericanliteraryfiguresofthenineteenthcentury,HermanMelvilleisbest-knownastheauthorofhismightybook,Moby-Dick,whichisoneoftheworld’sgreatestmasterpieces.Moby-Dickwaspublishedin1851.inhisfinalyearstheturnedagaintoprosefictionandwrotewhatisprobablyhissecondfamouswork,BillyBudd.
2、EarlyWorks
Typee,Omoo,andMardi,Redburn.InWhiteJacket,MelvillerelateshislifeonaUnitedStatesman-of-war.Ofalltheseseaadventurestories,Moby-Dickprovestobethebest.
3、LateWorks
Pierre;Bartleby;theScrivener;BenitoCereno;TheConfidence-Man;BillyBudd
4、Sense
Intheearlyones,Melvilleismoreenthusiasticaboutsettingoutonaquestforthemeaningoftheuniverse,hencetheyaremoremetaphysicalandthemaincharactersareardentandself-dramatizing.Inthelateworks,Melvillebecomesmorereconciledwiththeworldofman,inwhich,headmits,onemustlivebytherules.
5、Works
Moby-Dick
Moby-DickisregardedasthefirstAmericanproseepic.Althoughitispresentedintheformofanovel,attimesitseemslikeaprosepoem.Itisdifficulttoreadbecausemuchofthetalkinthenovelissailor’stalkandmuchofthelanguageispurposelyold-fashionedandElizabethan.TheGreatAmericanNovel,Moby-Dick.Itturnsouttobeasymbolicvoyageofthemindinquestofthetruthandknowledgeoftheuniverse,aspiritualexplorationintoman’sdeeprealitya
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