《中华文明的起源》教学设计.docx
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《中华文明的起源》教学设计.docx
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《中华文明的起源》教学设计
《中华文明的起源》教学设计(TeachingdesignoftheoriginofChinesecivilization)
TeachingdesignoftheoriginofChinesecivilization
I.teachingobjectives
1.knowledgeandability
ToguidestudentstounderstandtheYanEmperor,theYellowEmperoristhelegendoftheChinesenationandancestor,understandthe"demise"and"theKingYucombatingthefloodstory".
Toguidestudentstomakeapreliminarycomparisonofancientlegendsandhistoricalfacts,andmakeasummaryjudgementandinterpretation.
2.processesandmethods
Toguidestudentstocollectrelevantinformation,organizethestudentstotellthestory,talkaboutexperience,understandthesetales,whichhasthehistoricalfactsofcomposition,whichisvirtual,reflectingthedawnofcivilizationeraoflegends.Howtocultivatethestudents'inquirylearningmethod.
3.emotions,attitudesandvalues
Intheprocessoflearning,weshouldguidestudentstounderstandthemeaningof"wearealldescendantsoftheChinesepeople"andcultivatestudents'patriotismandnationalidentity.Inthe"people-orientedcultureofYaoandShun"study,thevirtueofmerit.Throughthe"KingYucombatingtheflood"learning,cultivateastrongwillandspiritofdedication,andtheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.
Two,teachingkeypointsanddifficulties
Keypoints:
makestudentsrealizethatYanDiHuangDiisthecommonancestoroftheChinesenation,andcultivatetheirsenseofnationalidentityandpatrioticfeelings.
Difficulty:
distinguishinghistoricalfactsfromlegends.
Three,teachingprocess
Introducingnewlessons:
[teacher]:
sometimeagoespeciallypopularwearSatincostume,knowwhatisSatinwoven?
[raw]:
silk.
[teacher]andwhoknowshowsilkcamefrom?
[born]:
cocoon.
[teacher]:
didanyofmyclassmateseverseesilkwormsraisingsilkworms?
Knowwhoinventedthesilkwormsilk?
InthelegendofHuangDi'swifeLeizuinventedthesilkwormsilktechnology,isitreally?
Let'stakethisquestiontothe3lesson:
thedawnofthelegendarycivilization.(blackboardwriting)
Teachnewlessons:
[teacher]:
doyouknowwhatistheageoflegend?
[reading]answer
Preliterate,historyismainlythroughwordofmouthpeoplemythsandlegendspreservedandhandeddown.Arethereanydifferencesbetweenmythandlegend?
Whatistherelationshipbetweenmythsandlegendsandhistoricalfacts(historicaltruth)?
(theteacheristalkingandwritingontheblackboard)let'sputtheproblemherefirstandcomebacklater.
[teacher]:
whatdothestudentsknowaboutthemythsofancientChineseinhabitants?
[reflection]
Thestudentsspeakthreemyths:
Pangu,NuWamadepeopleButian,thecreationoftheworld,inpursuitofthesun,HouYishotadoggeddetermination.(thelatterthreeareoptional.)
[division]isheavenandearthreallyopenedupbyPangu?
AretheyreallymadebyNuWa?
Whatistheoriginoftheuniverse,theearth,andthehumanrace?
Thestudentreplied,"theteachersummedup:
forthousandsofyears,scientistshavebeenexploringwhenandhowtheuniversecameintobeing.".Tothisday,scientistswereconvincedthattheuniversewasformedbyabigexplosionabout15billionyearsago.Thebigbangthatmaterialscatteredout,expandingspace,temperaturealsodecreased,whenthetemperaturedroppedtoafewthousanddegrees,theuniverseismainlygaseoussubstances,thegasgraduallycondensedintoQiyun,furthertheformationofavarietyofstarsystems.Theearthiscondensedfromnebulae.Humanbeingsevolvedfromapes.
[teacher]dothesemythscomefromnothing?
Canitreflecttheproductionandlivingconditionsofancientinhabitantsandtheircertainaspirationsandspirits?
Studentsdiscussandanswer,theteachersummedup:
Panguusedhischiselandaxsplittheworld,whichshowsthatourancestorslongagobelievedthathumanpowerisgreat,Ibelievethatlaborcancreatetheworld.ThestoryofNuWareflectsastageofhumanhistoricaldevelopment,namely,matriarchalclancommunestage,andwomenoccupyadominantpositioninproductionandlife.Inpursuitofthesun,HouYishotthedoggeddetermination,thestoryreflectstheancientpeople'snaturaldesiretoconquer.Throughthesefairytales,wecanimaginethatthedifficultlifeofthepeopleatthattimewasduetothelowdegreeofpeople'sunderstandingofnatureandthetransformationofnature,
Therefore,wecanconquernatureanddominatenaturebymeansofimagination.
Justnowwehaveanalyzedseveralfairytales,andthenwewilltakealookatthelegendofYanDiandHuangdi.(blackboardwriting)
[teacher]:
inlegend,whatdidYanDiinvent?
WhatelsedidHuangDiinvent?
[reading]answer
Pleasereadthe"ShennongJiaojiamap",alsoknownasthelegendofEmperorYanShennong,heisthefirstpersonborncattle,whenhehasjustbecomethechiefofthepeoplelivedbyhuntingprey,hiteveryonewithameal,oronlygohungry.Peoplethinkofthefuturelife,YanChoudesleeplessnightsday.Later,aftercarefulobservation,hefoundthenatureoftheplantgrowthregularityofcertain,hethought,ifwecandistinguishthefruittoeat,whatcannoteatfruit,fruitcollectedwhocaneat,springthemintotheground,thefallwillbearfruit.Inthisway,theproblemofhumansurvivalisnotsolved?
HehavetastedBaicaotrampovermountainsandthroughravines.Itissaidthatinthecourseoftastingherbsandfixinggrains,hesometimespoisonedhimselfseventytimesaday,andfinallyheknewwhattoeat.LegendofEmperorYanfirstteachpeopletochoosethelandfertile,dampness,highandlow,teachpeopletoobservetheclimate,choosethegraincategory,andmakingGengjiatools.Therefore,latergenerationscalledYanEmperorthefounderofChineseprimitiveagriculture.
[teacher]isagriculturereallyinventedbyYanDi?
So,isthereanyrealingredientinthislegend?
Students,combinedwiththe"primitiveagriculture"wementionedearlier,thinkaboutit.
Thestudentreplies,"theteachersummedup:
"theinventionofagriculturehasindeedgonethroughsuchaprocessoflegend,theoriginalagricultureisreallycollectedfromthedevelopment.Itispreciselybecausepeoplehavediscoveredthegrowthlawofsomeplantsinthelongperiodofproductionandlife,andcultivatedtheseplantsneartheresidence,andthentheprimitiveagricultureappeared.Anyinventionorimprovementinancienttimeswastheresultofcountlesshumanexperiencesandlongyearsoftrialanderror.Butbecausetheexactsituationcannottest,whentheyrecalledlaterinthehistoryofthetotalloveinventionsoutstandinginbetweenthemwillfocuson.Forexample,HuangDi,afterhebecameafamousmonarchemperor,allisthestorysurroundingitslaunch,allobjectsoftheinventionarerighttobelongtohimandhisliegeman.
Nowlet'sgobacktothequestionjustnow.What'sthedifferencebetweenmythsandlegends,mythsandlegends,andhistoricalfacts?
Thestudentreplies,"theteachersumsup:
mythisthefictionofancientinhabitantsaccordingtotheirownimaginationofnaturalthings,includinghumanbeingsthemselves.".Itmustbepointedoutthatthemythofthecontentisnottheancestorsofpureconsciousnessofmentalactivity,butthereflectionofobjectiverealityandlifepracticeintheirminds,andlegendsmostlyinrealhistoryasthematerial,isnotentirelyfictitious.Atordinarytimesweputtogethermythsandlegends,butnotsoclearly.Mythsandlegendsarenotentirelyseparatefromhistoricalfacts,buthavesomeconnections.Ontheonehand,lovethingsishumannature,futuregenerationsinthenarrativeincludesthings,alwaysunconsciouslybedecoratedwithexaggeratedmythsandlegendsbythepeopleheardthewordofmouth,thelongerthemorepronetodistortion.Ontheotherhand,mythsandlegendscontainrealhistory,andarchaeologicalresultsprovideevidencefortheauthenticityoftheselegends.(studentsread13pagesoffineprint)whenweusethemyth,itmustbeanalyzedtoquweicunzhen.
Weoftensaythatweare"descendantsoftheYellowEmperor",andweallfeelveryproudandproudtosaythat.Well,doyouknowhowthisnamecamefrom?
WhywouldtheemperorYanhuangtwowasenshrinedastheancestorofChinesenation?
(studentsthinkandanswer)
YanhuangtwoDilifromstruggletounite,thistellsus:
theformationprocessoftheChinesenationisadynamicprocess,throughlong-termandfinallytendstokillforjoint.
[usually]besidessayingthatweareChinesepeople,weoftensay,"wearethedescendantsofthedragon."".
Someonewroteasongcalled"thedescendantsofthedragon",whichsweptthewholecountry.Thestudentsknowhowthedragon'simageisformed
(see"shellDuisuthedragonandtiger"andaprojectionmaterial"Mr.WenYiduoontheChinesedragongraphicssaidaword:
"dragonwhatiswhat?
Ouransweris:
it'satotem,andit'savirtualcreaturethatexistsonlyintotems,notinthelivingworld,becauseitisacomplexofmanydifferentTotems
Thestudentreplied,"thedragonisafusionofmanytribaltotems,whichreflectstheprocessoftheformationoftheChineserace:
thedifferenttribesmovedfromwartounity,andthusformedthemainbodyoftheChinesenation.".
ByYan,thelegendoftheYellowEmperor,wecanunderstand,intheperiodoftheYellowEmperor,theChinesenationhasformed.(blackboardwriting)
Nextwelookatthe"demise"ofthelegendofYaoandshun.(writing)askthestudentstolookatthehistoryofYaoandshun.(beforeclass,astudentplays"Yao",astudentplays"Shun",andthreestudentsactastriballeaders.)
[teacher]:
whilelooking,think,"whydoesShunbecometheheadofthetribalalliance?
"HowdidShunobtainthepositionoftheheadoftheLeagueoftribes?
Thestudentrep
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