高中英语Unit3Inventorsandinventions总结新人教版选修8.docx
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高中英语Unit3Inventorsandinventions总结新人教版选修8
【预讲练结】人教版选修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions总结
词汇详解:
一.词语辨析
1. discover / find / invent
【解释】
discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。
find意为“发现,找到”,指对某种事物的寻求,也指对丢失的事物的找到。
invent 指设计或制造原来没有的东西。
【练习】
用discover,find,invent的适当形式填空。
1). Columbus _______ America in 1492.
2). You will _______ it a difficult book.
3). When did you _______ that she’ s married?
4). I’ ve _______ the book I was hunting for.
5). Alexander Graham Bell _______ the telephone in 1876.
Keys:
1). discovered 2). find 3). found 4). discover 5). invented
2. hope / wish / expect
【解释】
hope 后面只能接不定式和that从句,表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。
注意:
1. hope后不能接动名词作宾语,也不能用hope sb. to do sth. 结构。
2. 省略答语中,not不可放在hope前,如不能说I don’ t hope so.只能说I hope not.
wish 通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望,wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。
expect 表示“预期,盼望,期待,料想”,后面可跟名词、代词、不定式,that从句等。
【练习】
用hope,wish,expect的适当形式填空。
1). We _______ that our children will carry on our family traditions.
2). I _______ you a very happy future.
3). What do you _______ me to do?
4). Most of the parents _______ much of their children.
5). I am _______ a letter from her.
6). I ________ I were really wealthy.
Keys:
1). hope 2). wish 3). wish / expect 4). expect 5). expecting 6). Wish
3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate
【解释】
bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力,常用于否定句中。
endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”,强调持久力和意志坚强,常用于
否定句中。
stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起,常用于否定句中。
tolerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”,语气最弱,可用于肯定句和否定句。
【练习】
用bear,endure,stand,tolerate的适当形式填空。
1). Our tent won’ t _______ another storm like the last one.
2). I can’ t _______ to wait any longer.
3). She’ s already had to _______ three painful operations on her leg.
4). I will not _______ that sort of behaviour in my class.
Keys:
1). stand 2). bear 3). endure 4). tolerate
4. set off / set out / set about
【解释】
set off “出发”,侧重于去某个地方。
set out “出发,开始”,侧重于开始做某事,还有规划,展现的意思,后加不定式。
set about “开始,着手”,与set out意思相近,后加v-ing形式。
【练习】
用set off,set out,set about的适当形式填空。
1). They succeeded in what they had _______ to do.
2). Having made up his mind, he _______ carrying out the plan.
3). If you want to catch that train we’ d better _______ for the station immediately.
Keys:
1). set out 2). set about 3). set off
二.词性变化
1. mercy n.仁慈,宽容
merciful adj. 宽恕的
merciless adj.残忍的;无情的
2. abrupt adj.突然的,意外的;唐突的,鲁莽的
abruptly adv.突然地;粗鲁地
3. expect vt. 期待,预期, 指望
expectation n. 期待,预料,指望,展望
unexpected. adj. 想不到的,未预料
unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地,想不到地
4. freeze v.(使)冻结,(使) 结冰 n.冻结;冰冻期
freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的,严寒的
5. practise vt.&vi. 实行; 练习;实习
practice n. 练习,实习,实践,习俗
practical adj.实际的,实 践的,实用的
【练习】
用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。
1). This result was beyond my wildest ________ (expect).
2). She was subjected to the ________ (mercy) criticism of her opponents.
3). They asked her to be ________ (mercy) to the prisoners.
4). We must put our plans into ________ (practise).
5). Your invention is very ________ (practice).
6). The young girl practices ________ (play) the violin every day.
7). His father died _______ (expect), and it was ten years since they were last together.
8). We were _______ (freeze) cold in the tent last night.
9). Our conversation came to an _______ (abruptly) end when George burst into the room.
Keys:
1). expectation 2). merciless 3). merciful 4). practice
5). practical 6). playing 7). unexpectedly 8). freezing 9). abrupt
三.重点词汇
1. distinguish 辨别;辨认;(常与from, between连用)区别;区分
[典例]
1). I can distinguish them at a distance.
从远处我能认出他们。
2). The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom
这个人因智慧而扬名。
[重点用法]
distinguish A from B 辨别A与B
be distinguished from不同于...
be distinguished by 以...为特征
be distinguished for 因...而著称
distinguish oneself 显扬自己;使自己扬名
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。
1). Can you distinguish _______ those two objects?
2). Children should be taught to _______ _______ _______ _______ (分辨好坏).
3). Speech distinguishes human beings _______ the animals.
4). The Chinese nation is distinguished _______ its diligence and courage.
Keys:
1). between 2). distinguish right from wrong 3). from 4). for
2. convenient adj.便利的,方便的
convenience n.便利,方便
conveniently adv.便利地
[典例]
1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday?
下个星期天你方便来吗?
2). I can’ t see him now; it’ s not convenient.
我现在不便见他。
[重点用法]
be convenient to sb. 对某人方便
It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Come and see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论你何时方便).
2). We must arrange a ________ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.
3). I keep my reference books near by desk for _______ (convenient).
Keys:
1). whenever it’ s convenient to you 2). convenient 3). convenience
3. seize vt. 抓住,捉住;占据;(指强烈的感情﹑ 愿望等)突然影响或控制(某人)
[典例]
1). She seized me by the wrist.
她抓住我的手腕。
2). Panic seized us.
我们惊恐万状。
[重点用法]
seize hold of sth 抓住某物
seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机
seize on/upon sth 意识到某事物而立即加以利用
[练习]
完成句子。
1). His father asked him ______________________________________ (抓住时机赚一些钱).
2). We _____________ (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.
3). The critics _______ _______ (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.
Keys:
1). to seize the chance to make some money 2). were seized 3). seized on
4. file n.[c] 文件;档案 vt. 把...归档
[典例]
1). Here are our files on the results of the business in the past five years.
这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。
2). Please file this paper away, Miss Mary.
玛丽小姐,请把这份文件归档。
[重点用法]
have/open/keep a file on存有/设立/保存...的档案
[练习]
翻译下面的句子。
1). 她把她所有的信件仔细归档。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 他阅读了有关这个案件的全部卷宗。
_______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). She filed all her letters carefully.
2). He read all the files on the case.
5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂,附着;悬挂着
vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死,绞死
[典例]
1). His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modem Arts.
他的画在现代艺术馆展出。
2). The man was hanged for murder.
那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。
[重点用法]
hang about 闲待着,终日无所事事;闲荡 hang on 紧握着;(电话用语)别挂断
hang up 挂;挂断电话;延迟;推迟或搁置
[练习]
用与hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空。
1). She __________ the phone angrily before I could speak.
2). He _________ for murder.
3). The curtain ________ well.
4). _________ a minute; I’ m just coming.
Keys:
1). hung up 2). was hanged 3). hangs 4). Hang on
四.重点词组
1. call up 征召;召集服兵役;唤起;使人回忆;带入心中;打电话给某人
[典例]
1). He called me up to tell me the good news.
他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。
2). I was called up three months after war broke out..
战争爆发后的第三个月,我应征入伍。
[短语归纳]
call短语:
call back 召回;回电话;收回处理
call on/at 拜访(on后跟人;at后跟地点名词)
call for 要求,提倡,为...叫喊
call forth 使产生;引起;使起作用
call in 召集,召来,来访
call off 取消;取消或延期
call out 出动,唤起,大声叫唤
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。
1). This is the work that calls _______ patience.
2). Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners.
3). He had to _______ the meeting because of the bad weather.
4). I’ ll call _______ him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me?
5). The company has called _______ all such models as built in 1990.
6). The government then called _______ troops to deal with the disturbances.
7). The old photo calls _______ memories of my childhood.
Keys:
1). for 2). for 3). off 4). on 5). back 6). in 7). up
2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始(某工作); 着手做某事
[典例]
1). I must set about my packing.
我得开始收拾行李了。
2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems.
新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。
[短语归纳]
set短语:
set sth aside 将某事物放在一边;(为某目的)节省或保留(钱或时间)
set sth down 将某事物记在纸上; 写下来
set out 从某地出发上路
set off 开始(旅行、赛跑等)
set sth off 使(炸弹、地雷等)爆炸
set to 精力充沛地开始做某事
set sth up 摆放或竖起某物;创(体育)记录
[练习]
根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。
1). I don’ t know how to set _______ this job.
2). She set _______ a new world record time _______ the 100 metres.
3). They set _______ on the last stage _______ their journey.
4). How do senior managers set _______ making these decisions?
Keys:
1). about 2). up; in 3). out; of 4). about
3. (every) now and then/again 时而;偶尔;有时
[典例]
1). I like to go to the opera now and then.
我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。
2). Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.
她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着。
[短语归纳]
now短语:
now (that)... 由於...;既然
right now 此刻;现在
by now 到目前为止
just now 刚才
from now on 从现在开始
[练习]
用与now相关的词组填空。
1). Sonia should have been home _______ _______. Do you think she’ s OK?
2). I hear from him ________ ________ ________ ________.
3). Please try to be more careful ________ ________ ________.
4). There’ s nothing I can do about this ________ ________.
Keys:
1). by now 2). every now and then 3). from now on 4). right now
4. out of order次序颠倒;发生故障
[典例]
Our air—conditioner is out of order.
我们的冷气机出故障了。
[短语归纳]
order短语:
in order 整齐,状况良好,适宜,按顺序
in order that后接从句,
in order to后接动词原形
[练习]
翻译下面的句子。
1). 电梯出故障了。
______________________________________________________________________________
2). 情况一团杂糟。
______________________________________________________________________________
3). 他现在发言是十分合适的。
______________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). The elevator is out of order.
2). Things were in terrible order.
3). It’ ll be quite in order for him to speak now.
5. get through 用完,消耗掉;(设法)做或完成某事;通过(与某人)联系(尤指通电话)
[典例]
1). I’ ve got through a lot of correspondence today.
今天我处理了一大批信件。
2). I tried ringing you several times yesterday
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