海啸 Tsunami 英语作文.docx
- 文档编号:13953883
- 上传时间:2023-06-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:5
- 大小:17.62KB
海啸 Tsunami 英语作文.docx
《海啸 Tsunami 英语作文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《海啸 Tsunami 英语作文.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
海啸Tsunami英语作文
Tsunami
>TsunamiEssay:
ThetermTsunamicomesfromtheJapaneselanguageandmeansharbourwave.Tsunamisareseismicwavesthatarecausedbyearthquakeswhichtravelthroughwater.Anearthquakethatistoosmalltocreateatsunamibyitselfmaytriggeranundersealandslidequitecapableofgeneratingatsunami.
LongandShortEssaysonTsunamiforKidsandStudentsinEnglish
GivenbelowaretwoessaysinEnglishforstudentsandchildrenaboutthetopicof‘Tsunami’inbothlongandshortform.ThefirstessayisalongessayonTsunamiof400-500words.ThislongessayaboutTsunamiissuitableforstudentsofclass7,8,9and10,andalsoforcompetitiveexamaspirants.ThesecondessayisashortessayonTsunamiof150-200words.Thesearesuitableforstudentsandchildreninclass6andbelow.
LongEssayonTsunami500WordsinEnglish
BelowwehavegivenalongessayonTsunamiof500wordsishelpfulforclasses7,8,9and10andCompetitiveExamAspirants.Thislongessayonthetopicissuitableforstudentsofclass7toclass10,andalsoforcompetitiveexamaspirants.
Tsunamicanbegeneratedwhentheseafloorabruptlydeformsandverticallydisplacestheoverlyingwater.Suchlargeverticalmovementsoftheearth’scrustcanoccuratplateboundaries.Althoughoftenreferredtoas‘tidalwaves’,atsunamidoesnotlooklikethepopularimpressionof‘anormalwaveonlymuchbigger’.Instead,itlooksratherlikeanendlesslyonrushingtidewhichforcesitswayaroundandthroughanyobstacle.Mostofthedamageiscausedbythehugemassofwaterbehindtheinitialwavefront,astheheightoftheseakeepsrisingfastandfloodspowerfullyintothecoastalareas.Thesheerweightofwaterisenoughtopulveriseobjectsinitspath,oftenreducingbuildingstotheirfoundationsandscouringexposedgroundtothebedrock.Largeobjectssuchasshipsandboulderscanbecarriedseveralmilesinlandbefore,aTsunamisubsides.
ItissaidthattheGreekhistorianThucydidesproposedthatTsunamishadsomerelationtosubmarineearthquakes.However,theunderstandingofTsunami’snatureandcausesremainedweakuntilthe20thcentury.Romanhistorian,AmmianusdescribedtheorderofeventsgivingrisetoaTsunami:
anearthquake,suddenretreatoftheseafollowedbyagiganticwave.JapanhasthelongestrecordedhistoryofTsunamis.The2004IndianOceanearthquakecumTsunamiismarkedasoneofthemostdevastatinginmoderntimes,takingthedeathtolltoaround2,30,000people.TheSumatranregionalsoexperiencesearthquakesoffthecoastregularly.
Recently,ithasbeendiscoveredthatlargerTsunamisthanpreviouslybelievedpossiblecouldbecausedbylandslides,explosivevolcanicactionsandEarth-scouringimpactevents.Thesephenomenarapidlydisplacelargevolumesofwater,asenergyfromfallingdebrisorexpansionistransferredtothewaterintowhichthedebrisfall.Tsunamiscausedbythesemechanisms,unliketheocean-widetsunamiscausedbysomeearthquakes,generallydissipatequicklyandrarelyaffectcoastlinesdistantfromthesourceduetothesmallareaoftheseaaffected.
Tsunamismovetheentiredepthoftheocean(oftenseveralkilometresdeep)ratherthanjustthesurface,sotheycontainimmenseenergy,propagateathighspeedsandcantravelgreattrans-oceanicdistanceswithlittleoverallenergyloss.ATsunamicancausedamagethousandsofkilometresfromitsorigin,sotheremaybeseveralhoursbetweenitscreationanditsimpactonacoast,arrivinglongaftertheseismicwavegeneratedbytheoriginatingeventarrives.
Inopenwater,Tsunamishaveextremelylongperiodsfromminutestohours,andlongwavelengthsofuptoseveralhundredkilometres.Thisisverydifferentfromtypicalwind-generatedswellsontheocean,whichmighthaveaperiodofabout10secondsandawavelengthof150metres.
Afewsignsmaybetriggeredbynaturetowarnahugetsunamiwave.Anearthquakemaybefelt.Largequantitiesofgasmaybubbletothewatersurfaceandmakethesealookasifitisboiling.Thewaterinthewavesmaybeunusuallyhot.Thewatermaysometimessmellofrotteneggsduetothepresenceofhydrogensulphideorofpetroloroil.Thewatermaystingtheskin.
Athunderousboommaybeheardfollowedbyaroaringnoiseasofajetplane,ahelicopter,orawhistlingsound.Theseamayrecedetoaconsiderabledistance.
Aflashofredlightmightbeseennearthehorizonandasthewaveapproaches,thetopofthewavemayglowred.ThesesignalshavebeenrecordedfromtimetotimeovertheagesbeforeeveryTsunamitragedy.Oceanographers,scientists,geologistsandenvironmentalistsareworkingonmakingsomekindofsystemswhichcanifnotpreventatleastsignaltheimpendingTsunami.
TheLisbonquakeisthefirstdocumentedcaseofsuchaphenomenoninEuropebackin1755whichhadgeneratedanalmost12metrehighseawaveandhaddestroyedmostpartofthecitykillingaround60000people.ThisphenomenonwasalsoseeninSriLankainthe2004IndianOceanearthquake.In2011,thepowerful8.9magnitudeearthquakesentJapanintochaosasittriggeredagianttsunamiinthePacificOcean,sweepingawayboats,cars,homesandpeople,andledtothelossofmorethan15000livesinJapan.
InsomeparticularlyTsunami-pronecountries,measureshavebeentakentoreducethedamagecausedontheshores.JapanhasimplementedanextensiveprogrammeofbuildingTsunamiwallsofupto4.5m(13.5ft)highinfrontofpopulatedcoastalareas.Otherlocalitieshavebuiltfloodgatesandchannelstoredirectthewaterfromincomingtsunamis.However,theireffectivenesshasbeenquestioned,asTsunamisareoftenhigherthanthebarriers.
Forinstance,theTsunamiwhichhittheislandofHokkaidoon12July,1993createdwavesasmuchas30m(100ft)tall–ashighasa10-storeybuilding.TheporttownofAonaewascompletelysurroundedbyaTsunamiwallbutthewaveswashedrightoverthewallanddestroyedallthewood-framedstructuresinthearea.
ThewallmayhavesucceededinslowingdownandmoderatingtheheightoftheTsunamibutitdidnotpreventmajordestructionandlossoflife.
YettheeffectsofaTsunamicanbemitigatedbynaturalfactorssuchastreecoverontheshoreline.Somelocationsinthepathofthe2004IndianOceanTsunamiescapedalmostunscathedasaresultofthetsunami’senergybeingsappedbyabeltoftreessuchascoconut,palmsandmangroves.Inonestrikingexample,thevillageofNaluvedapathyinIndia’sTamilNaduregionsufferedminimaldamagesandfewdeathsasthewavebrokeuponaforestof80244treesplantedalongthestretchesofseacoaststhatarepronetoTsunamirisks.
Whileitwouldtakesomeyearsforthetreestogrowtoausefulsize,suchplantationscouldofferamuchcheaperandlonger-lastingmeansofTsunamimitigationthanthecostlyandenvironmentallydestructivemethodoferectingartificialbarriers.
ShortEssayonTsunami200WordsinEnglish
BelowwehavegivenashortessayonTsunamiisforClasses1,2,3,4,5and6.Thisshortessayonthetopicissuitableforstudentsofclass6andbelow.
RegionswithahighriskofTsunamismayuseTsunamiwarningsystemsnowavailabletodetectTsunamisandwarnthegeneralpopulacebeforethewavesreachthecoasts.InsomecommunitiesontheWestcoastoftheUnitedStates,whichispronetoPacificOceanTsunamis,warningsignsadvisepeoplewheretorunintheeventofanincomingTsunami.ComputermodelscanroughlypredictTsunamiarrivalandimpactbasedoninformationabouttheeventthattriggereditandtheshapeoftheseafloorandthecoastallandmass.Oneoftheearlywarningscomesfromnearbyanimals.Manyanimalssensedangerandfleetohighergroundbeforethewaterarrives.Monitoringtheirbehaviourcloselycouldprovideadvancewarningsofearthquakes,Tsunamisetc.
In2011,EarthquakeResearchCommitteeofJapaneseGovernmentannouncedthatTsunamiforecastswouldbestartedtoalertthepublicinadvanceabouttheapproachingTsunamisinnearfuture.ThiswouldcompriseTsunamicheight,attackareaandprobabilityofoccurrencewithin100years.SuchforecastsshouldbesoonactivatedintheIndiansub-continentalso.TheIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommission,UNESCOisworkingoutstrategiesforthisarea.
CoastalareasofIndiaaresittingona‘Tsunami-bomb’.Awarenessandrobustmeasuresaretheneedsofthehour.
TsunamiEssayWordMeaningsforSimpleUnderstanding
Seismic–pertainingto,ofthenatureof,orcausedbyanearthquakeorvibrationoftheearth,Whetherduetonaturalorartificialcauses
Pulverise–todemolishorcrushcompletely
Scouring–toclearordigout(achannel,drain,etc)asbytheforceofwater,byremovingdebris,etc
Wavelength–thedistance,measuredinthedirectionofpropagationofawave,betweentwosuccessivepointsinthewavethatarecharacterisedbythesamephaseofoscillation
Recede–togoormoveaway,withdraw
Oceanographer–thebranchofphysicalgeographydealingwiththeocean
Unscathed–notscathed,unharmed,uninjured
Dissipate–touseuporwaste,todisperse
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 海啸 Tsunami 英语作文 英语 作文