1、海啸 Tsunami 英语作文TsunamiTsunami Essay: The term Tsunami comes from the Japanese language and means harbour wave. Tsunamis are seismic waves that are caused by earthquakes which travel through water. An earthquake that is too small to create a tsunami by itself may trigger an undersea landslide quite c
2、apable of generating a tsunami.Long and Short Essays on Tsunami for Kids and Students in English Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of Tsunami in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on Tsunami of 400-500 words. This long essay about
3、Tsunami is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Tsunami of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.Long Essay on Tsunami 500 Words in English Below we have given a long es
4、say on Tsunami of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. Tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displac
5、es the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of the earths crust can occur at plate boundaries. Although often referred to as tidal waves, a tsunami does not look like the popular impression of a normal wave only much bigger. Instead, it looks rather like an endlessly onrushing tide which f
6、orces its way around and through any obstacle. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal areas. The sheer weight of water is enough to pulverise objects in its path, often re
7、ducing buildings to their foundations and scouring exposed ground to the bedrock. Large objects such as ships and boulders can be carried several miles inland before, a Tsunami subsides. It is said that the Greek historian Thucydides proposed that Tsunamis had some relation to submarine earthquakes.
8、 However, the understanding of Tsunamis nature and causes remained weak until the 20th century. Roman historian, Ammianus described the order of events giving rise to a Tsunami: an earthquake, sudden retreat of the sea followed by a gigantic wave. Japan has the longest recorded history of Tsunamis.
9、The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake cum Tsunami is marked as one of the most devastating in modern times, taking the death toll to around 2,30,000 people. The Sumatran region also experiences earthquakes off the coast regularly. Recently, it has been discovered that larger Tsunamis than previously beli
10、eved possible could be caused by landslides, explosive volcanic actions and Earth-scouring impact events. These phenomena rapidly displace large volumes of water, as energy from falling debris or expansion is transferred to the water into which the debris fall. Tsunamis caused by these mechanisms, u
11、nlike the ocean-wide tsunamis caused by some earthquakes, generally dissipate quickly and rarely affect coastlines distant from the source due to the small area of the sea affected. Tsunamis move the entire depth of the ocean (often several kilometres deep) rather than just the surface, so they cont
12、ain immense energy, propagate at high speeds and can travel great trans-oceanic distances with little overall energy loss. A Tsunami can cause damage thousands of kilometres from its origin, so there may be several hours between its creation and its impact on a coast, arriving long after the seismic
13、 wave generated by the originating event arrives. In open water, Tsunamis have extremely long periods from minutes to hours, and long wavelengths of up to several hundred kilometres. This is very different from typical wind-generated swells on the ocean, which might have a period of about 10 seconds
14、 and a wavelength of 150 metres. A few signs may be triggered by nature to warn a huge tsunami wave. An earthquake may be felt. Large quantities of gas may bubble to the water surface and make the sea look as if it is boiling. The water in the waves may be unusually hot. The water may sometimes smel
15、l of rotten eggs due to the presence of hydrogen sulphide or of petrol or oil. The water may sting the skin. A thunderous boom may be heard followed by a roaring noise as of a jet plane, a helicopter, or a whistling sound. The sea may recede to a considerable distance. A flash of red light might be
16、seen near the horizon and as the wave approaches, the top of the wave may glow red. These signals have been recorded from time to time over the ages before every Tsunami tragedy. Oceanographers, scientists, geologists and environmentalists are working on making some kind of systems which can if not
17、prevent atleast signal the impending Tsunami. The Lisbon quake is the first documented case of such a phenomenon in Europe back in 1 755 which had generated an almost 12 metre high sea wave and had destroyed most part of the city killing around 60000 people. This phenomenon was also seen in Sri Lank
18、a in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. In 2011, the powerful 8.9 magnitude earthquake sent Japan into chaos as it triggered a giant tsunami in the Pacific Ocean, sweeping away boats, cars, homes and people, and led to the loss of more than 15000 lives in Japan. In some particularly Tsunami-prone cou
19、ntries, measures have been taken to reduce the damage caused on the shores. Japan has implemented an extensive programme of building Tsunami walls of up to 4.5m (13.5 ft) high in front of populated coastal areas. Other localities have built floodgates and channels to redirect the water from incoming
20、 tsunamis. However, their effectiveness has been questioned, as Tsunamis are often higher than the barriers. For instance, the Tsunami which hit the island of Hokkaido on 12 July, 1993 created waves as much as 30 m (100 ft) tall as high as a 10-storey building. The port town of Aonae was completely
21、surrounded by a Tsunami wall but the waves washed right over the wall and destroyed all the wood-framed structures in the area. The wall may have succeeded in slowing down and moderating the height of the Tsunami but it did not prevent major destruction and loss of life. Yet the effects of a Tsunami
22、 can be mitigated by natural factors such as tree cover on the shoreline. Some locations in the path of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami escaped almost unscathed as a result of the tsunamis energy being sapped by a belt of trees such as coconut, palms and mangroves. In one striking example, the village
23、 of Naluvedapathy in Indias Tamil Nadu region suffered minimal damages and few deaths as the wave broke up on a forest of 80244 trees planted along the stretches of seacoasts that are prone to Tsunami risks. While it would take some years for the trees to grow to a useful size, such plantations coul
24、d offer a much cheaper and longer-lasting means of Tsunami mitigation than the costly and environmentally destructive method of erecting artificial barriers.Short Essay on Tsunami 200 Words in English Below we have given a short essay on Tsunami is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This short essay o
25、n the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below. Regions with a high risk of Tsunamis may use Tsunami warning systems now available to detect Tsunamis and warn the general populace before the waves reach the coasts. In some communities on the West coast of the United States, which is prone
26、 to Pacific Ocean Tsunamis, warning signs advise people where to run in the event of an incoming Tsunami. Computer models can roughly predict Tsunami arrival and impact based on information about the event that triggered it and the shape of the sea floor and the coastal landmass. One of the early wa
27、rnings comes from nearby animals. Many animals sense danger and flee to higher ground before the water arrives. Monitoring their behaviour closely could provide advance warnings of earthquakes, Tsunamis etc. In 2011, Earthquake Research Committee of Japanese Government announced that Tsunami forecas
28、ts would be started to alert the public in advance about the approaching Tsunamis in near future. This would comprise Tsunamic height, attack area and probability of occurrence within 100 years. Such forecasts should be soon activated in the Indian sub-continent also. The Intergovernmental Oceanogra
29、phic Commission, UNESCO is working out strategies for this area. Coastal areas of India are sitting on a Tsunami-bomb. Awareness and robust measures are the needs of the hour.Tsunami Essay Word Meanings for Simple UnderstandingSeismic pertaining to, of the nature of, or caused by an earthquake or vi
30、bration of the earth, Whether due to natural or artificial causes Pulverise to demolish or crush completely Scouring to clear or dig out (a channel, drain, etc) as by the force of water, by removing debris, etc Wavelength the distance, measured in the direction of propagation of a wave, between two successive points in the wave that are characterised by the same phase of oscillation Recede to go or move away, withdraw Oceanographer the branch of physical geography dealing with the ocean Unscathed not scathed, unharmed, uninjured Dissipate to use up or waste, to disperse
