初一上学期英语知识点梳理.docx
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初一上学期英语知识点梳理.docx
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初一上学期英语知识点梳理
2008-2009初一上学期英语知识点梳理
冠词
*要点提示:
单数可数名词不可单独使用,要在词前加冠词a,an,the或者物主代词(my等)。
请试着从下列例句中找出冠词的使用规律
1.______
CanIhave______apple?
2.______
Sheis______Englishteacher.
3.______
______caroverthereisfast.
4.______
______teacherisverygood,isn'the?
5.______
6.______
-Lookat______pictureonthewall.Isitnice?
-Yes,it’s______nicepicture
7.______
8.______
Ilivein___house.______houseisquiteoldandhasfourbedrooms.
9.______
10.______
Iatein___Chineserestaurant.______restaurantwasverygood.
11.______
Ilike______Russiantea.
12.______
Shelikesreading______books.
13.______
Hehas______breakfastathome.
14.______
Igoto______university.
15.______
Hecomestoworkby______taxi.
16.______
Heenjoysplaying______footballand______piano.
17.______
Themovietheaterison______right,opposite______clothingstore.
18.______
Wehavesportsmeetingin______Octobereveryyear.
19.______
Teachers’Dayison______September10.
可数名词复数形式
1.绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化:
结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例:
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
2.凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化:
统一加读[iz]。
例:
bus→buses;box→boxes;match→matches;peach→patches
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。
读音变化:
加读[z]。
例:
strawberry→strawberries;baby→babies;family→families;lady→ladies;story→stories
4.以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化:
加读[z]。
例:
tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;
反例:
kilo→kilos;piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;
5.以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。
读音变化:
尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例:
knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;scarf→scarves
反例:
roof→roofs(屋顶)
6.部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化:
保持原音。
例:
fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;
7.没有任何规律。
读音变化:
没有规律。
例:
man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;
foot→feet;goose→geese;tooth→teeth
8.另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例:
clothes;pants;shorts;;trousers;sales;scissors剪刀
9.复合名词compoundnouns,这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例:
daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
son-in-law→sons-in-law
10.除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例:
adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometersliter,literskilogram,kilogramskilos,apound,afewpounds
不可数名词
例:
water;coffee;tea;soda;juice;milk;cookingoil;soup;ketchup;icecream;flour;sugar;salt;rice;meat;chicken;cheese;soap;butter;salad;
furniture家具;news;traffic交通;bread;garlic;money;food;drink;fruit;vegetable;
若表达具体数目,要借助1.数量词(具体的数量)和2.限定词(笼统的数量)
n.(可数)
n.(不可数)
很多(肯定句)
Alotof,lotsof
一些
Some,any,
具体数目
one,two,three,…adozen,twodozen
具体数量
Acup/bowl/bag/bottle/glass/loaf/bar/piece/stick/kilogram/pound/liter
of
一点
Alittle,abit,
有几个
Afew,several
没有多少,很少
Little
没有几个,很少
few
很多(否定句)
many
很多
much
名词与限定词重点
1.___________
2.___________
3.___________
Wedon’thavemuch(很多)meat(肉),Canyouhelptobuyapieceof(一块)pork?
4.___________
5.___________
6.___________
7.___________
8.___________
9.___________
Hetakeslittle(很少)exercise(锻炼),buthehas3bowlsof(三碗)beefrice(米饭)andabarof(一块)chocolate(巧克力)everyday.
10.___________
11.___________
CanyouspeakItalian(意大利语)?
Yes,butonlyalittle(一点).
12.___________
13.___________
Wouldyoulikeabitof(一点儿)salt(盐)?
Yes,please.
14.___________
15.___________
Howmanyeggs(鸡蛋)doyouwant?
2dozen(2打).
16.___________
17.___________
18.___________
There’splentyof(足够的)springwater(矿泉水).Sowedon’tneedtobuyany(任何)
19.___________
20.___________
Hegets3bagsof(袋)Frenchfries(薯条)forthefamily.
21.___________
22.___________
23.___________
Iwouldlike5cupsof(杯)blacktea(红茶),6boxesof(6盒)chicken(鸡肉)nuggets.
24.___________
25.___________
I’llalsotake4bottlesof(4瓶)orangejuice(橘子汁).
26.___________
27.___________
Ilovecookies(饼干).Ihavelotsof(很多)themeveryday.
28.___________
29.___________
Weneed4loavesof(4块)bread(面包)fortheparty.
30.___________
31.___________
WherecanIfindabank(银行)?
Ineedsome(一些)money(钱).
32.___________
33.___________
Hehaslotsof(很多)friends(朋友),buthehaslittle(很少)money(钱).
34.___________
35.___________
Hehaslotsof(很多)money(钱),buthehasfew(很少)friends(朋友).
句型转换
就划线部分提问:
1.谁?
Who?
Whoisyourfavoritesinger?
2.谁的?
Whose?
Whoseskateboardisthis?
3.什么?
What?
What’snearyourhouse?
/Whatdoyouneedtoplaybaseball?
4.什么颜色?
Whatcolor?
Whatcolorisyourskateboard?
5.什么种类?
Whatkind/type
Whatkindofmovies/fooddoyoulike?
6.星期Whatday?
Whatdayistoday?
7.日期What
Whatisthedatetoday?
8.什么运动?
Whatsport?
Whatsportcanyouplay?
9.做什么?
What…do…?
Whatcanyoudoontheicerink?
10.天气怎么样?
Whatbe…like?
What’stheweatherlike?
/What’sthemalllike?
11.哪里?
Where?
Wherecanyouskate?
12.情况怎么样/如何?
How
Howareyou?
/HowcanIgettothehotel?
13.多大?
Howold?
Howoldareyou?
14.多少个?
Howmany?
Howmanychairsarethereintheclassroom?
15.多少?
Howmuch?
Howmuchmilkisthereintherefrigerator?
16.多少钱?
Howmuch?
Howmuchistherice?
Howmucharetheshoes?
17.对…印象如何?
Whatdoyouthinkof…?
/Howdoyoulike…?
Howdoyoulikeskiing?
Whatdoyouthinkofdocumentaries?
1.TheboyoverthereisJim.
2.Iamfine.
3.Weareinthesameclass.(?
)
4.Hehasane-mailaddress.(?
)
5.JennyisBritish.
6.IamfromFrance.
7.ZhengZhiisafootballplayer.
8.Mybrotheris12yearsold.
9.YaoMingisanNBAbasketballplayer.
10.Sheisateacher.
11.Sheismysister.
12.Theyareactors.
13.She’sawriter.
14.Yourfatherisapoliceman.
15.Thatisaphotoofmyfamily.
16.Shelikestoplayvolleyball.
17.Maryhastwobrothers.
18.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily.
19.Mywifehasadog.
20.Helenhassomeuncles.
21.Shehasthreechildren.
22.Youcansitdown.
23.IaminGrade2.
24.Myauntlikesrunningandswimming.
25.Doesyourunclelikecomedies?
(X)
26.HisnameisTony.
27.TheyareChinese.
28.BillGatesisfromtheUSA.
29.Sheis11yearsold.
30.IneedastudentID.
31.HerfirstnameisGina.
32.Heliveson45PineRoad.
33.Myfatheris37yearsold.
34.IamfromCanada.
35.ShepreferswatchingTV.
36.Helikesdancing.Hedoesn’tlikesinging.(but)
37.Lucyprefersreadingbooks.(?
)
38.Jennyprefersplayingcomputergames.(X)
39.Thecatisunderthetable.
40.Thepostofficeisnexttothebank.
41.Theorangesaretwodollarsakilogram.
42.Weneedtwodozeneggs.
43.Thecheeseisthreedollarsastick.
44.Thepotatoescost1.5dollarsakilogram.
45.IwanttoordersomeFrenchfries.
46.I’llhaveahotdog.
47.I’dliketohaveacupofcoffee.
48.Hecanthrowtheshotput.
49.Skateboardingismyfavoritesport.
50.Iplaytennisonthetenniscourt.
51.Ineedarackettoplaybadminton.
52.Wecanplaybaseballwithabat.
53.Ireallyenjoydoingsports.
54.IwanttomeetmyfriendMikethisweekend.
55.Ican’tplaybaseball.Ican’tdothehighjump.(or)
56.Youcanexerciseorplaytabletennisthere.
动词名词之间的转化
work
worker
keep
keeper
teach
teacher
swim
swimmer
sing
singer
play
player
dance
dancer
learn
learner
drive
driver
visit
visitor
run
runner
act
Actor/actress
动词形式归纳
Swimmingismyfavoritesport.
Myfavoritesportisswimming.
Begoodat
Beinterestedin
Withoutdoingsth.
Insteadofdoingsth.
Whatabout/Howabout
preferdoingsth.todoingsth.
enjoydoingsth.
practicedoingsth.
finishdoingsth.
stopdoingsth.
Stoptodosth.
love/liketodosth.
love/likedoingsth.
lookforwardtodoingsth.
Learntodosth.
Learndoingsth.
Forgettodosth.
Forgetdoingsth.
Remembertodosth.
Rememberdoingsth.
Whataboutdoingsth.?
Howaboutdoingsth.?
behappy/sorry/pleased...todosth.
Doweneedtodosth.
Wouldyouliketodosth.?
Whynotdosth.?
Whydon’tyoudosth.?
Pleasedosth.
Letsb.Dosth.
Makesbdosth.
介词归纳
intheroomclosetomyhouse
onthetablebetweenthebed
infrontofthehouseonandthedresser
behindthedoorbesidetheriver
underthechairacrossfromit
oppositetheschoolnexttothedoor
abovethebedatthedoor
beinchargeof
attherink/thecenter/thedoor/thebusstop...
onrealice/therink/thebank...
onthemap/thecover/thepaper...
inthe(other)corneroftheroom
atthecornerofthestreet
inthebook/thepicture/thenewspaper
atthebackoftheclassroom
onMasonStreet
inChinese/English/French...
反义词归纳
big
small
Left
right
Right
wrong
Same
different
Old
young
Cold
hot
Full
hungry
Long
short
High
low
Many
few
Easy
hard
Black
white
First
last
Messy
tidy
Up
down
infrontof
behind
standup
sitdown
Come
go
Love
Hate
Remember
Forget
动词短语归纳
1.takelessons
43.playcards
2.takecare
44.playbridge
3.takecareof…
45.playchess
4.takethefirstturning
46.playthecomputer
5.takeexercise
47.playballgames
6.takeone’sorder
48.playvolleyball
7.getup
49.playbasketball
8.getreadyfor…
50.goahead
9.getsth.readyfor…
51.gotobed
10.gettothestation
52.gotoschool
11.writeto…
53.gotocollege
12.listento…
54.goswimming
13.cometoJim’s
55.gofishing
14.comebackhere
56.goskateboarding
15.comefrom…
57.goshopping
16.standup
58.gorunning
17.sitdown
59.gojogging
18.turnright,left
60.gohome
19.staywithus
61.goacross
20.usetheInternet
62.gostraight
21.meetmyfriends
63.havean
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