届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计13页.docx
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届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计13页.docx
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届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计13页
2018届人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案设计
单元话题阅读
(一)惨痛的记忆:
中国历史上的大地震
1556:
Shaanxi,China
明代陕西大地震
Thedeadliestquakeofalltimemightbeoneoftheleasttalkedabout,consideringitoccurrednearly450yearsago.The1556quakeclaimedthelivesofsome830,000people.Whythemassivedeathtoll?
Blamethequake'sstrength(8.0ontheRichterscale,ormorethan30timesmorepowerfulthantherecentquakeinHaiti)aswellastimingandlocation.Thepre-modernstructureswereutterlyunabletowithstandaquakeofsuchforce,andmassivelandslidescontributedtothecasualties.
历史上最可怕的地震也许是最少被谈及的一场地震,因为它发生在450年之前。
这场地震导致83万人死亡。
为何死亡人数如此巨大?
原因在于震级(里氏8.0级,比刚发生的海地地震强30倍),还有时间和地点。
古代的房屋建筑完全不能抵挡这样的大地震,大面积的山体滑坡也导致不少人遇难。
1976:
Tangshan,China
唐山大地震
Chinahasthemisfortunetohavehadtheseconddeadliestearthquakeonrecord,the1976GreatTangshanEarthquake,whichstruckinthecountry'snortheast.It'dbemoreaccuratetocallthisabinaryquake:
anaftershockthatstruck16hoursaftertheinitialtemblormeasuredanidentical7.8ontheRichterscaleandwasequallydestructive.
继陕西地震之后,中国又发生了第二大强度的地震,1976年唐山大地震,确切来说是两次大地震:
地震后16小时,里氏7.8级的余震又造成了巨大损失。
1920:
Haiyuan,China
宁夏海原地震
TheDec.16,1920Haiyuanearthquake—whichregistereda7.8magnitudeontheRichterscale—causedriverstochangecourseandsentlandslidespouringdownmountains.DestructionstretchedacrosssevenChineseprovinces.Sujiahe,atownininXijiCounty,wascompletelyburiedunderalandslide.Anestimated200,000peoplediedinthedisaster,whichwasfeltasfarawayasNorway.
1920年十月十六日宁夏海原发生的里氏7.8级大地震使得河流改道,并导致山体滑坡。
七省同时受灾。
西吉县苏家河镇在一次滑坡中整体被埋。
二十万人死于此次地震,并且震感远至挪威。
2008:
SichuanProvince,China
四川省5.12大地震
The7.9-magnitudedisasterstruckthemountainousSichuanProvinceinwesternChina,destroyingmillionsofbuildingsandcausinganestimated$86billionworthofdamage.Nearly10,000childrendiedinschools—trappedunderrubblewhenthebuildingscollapsed.
四川发生的这场7.9级大地震中有上百万房屋倒塌,造成约860亿美元的损失。
几乎有一万个孩子死在倒塌的教学楼中。
(二)当地震发生时的你该如何应对?
●Whenwalkingoutside行走在户外时
Takecautionagainstfallingobjects,suchassignsandbrokenwindows.Toolsandconstructionmaterialscanfalldownataconstructionsite.Protectyourheadwithyourbagorcoatandkeepatadistancefromtallbuildings.Stonewallsandpillarscanalsofalldownandarepotentiallydangerous.
当心坠落的物体,例如广告牌和破碎的窗户。
建筑工具和材料有可能从建筑工地跌落。
用包或大衣保护自己的头部,和高层建筑保持距离。
石墙和柱子也可能会倒塌,从而带来安全隐患。
●Whendrivingacar驾驶车辆时
Firmlyholdthesteeringwheel,graduallyreducespeed,parkyourcaronthesideoftheroad,andstoptheengine.Listentoinformationontheradioandfindoutwhatishappening.Ifyouneedtoevacuate,leaveyourkeys,keepthedoorsunlocked,andwalkawaywithyourcardocumentsandvaluables.
握稳方向盘,逐渐减速,然后把车停到路边,关掉引擎。
收听广播信息,了解目前状况。
如果需要撤离,应将车钥匙留下,不锁车门,并随身携带好车辆证件和贵重物品。
●Whenundergroundorinasubway在地下或乘地铁时
Theshakingyoufeelwhenyouareundergroundisabouthalfofwhatyouwouldexperienceoverground.Additionally,undergroundareashavestrongstructuresandaresaferthanhigh-risebuildings.Calmlyevacuate,followinginstructionsfromshopclerksandsubwaystaff.
地下感受到的震动大约只有地上的一半。
另外,地下建筑通常比高层建筑更坚固,安全。
应按照店员和地铁工作人员的指示,沉着冷静地撤离。
●Wheninhigh-risebuilding在高层建筑时
Elevatorswithearthquakesensorswillstopatthenearestfloor.Immediatelyleavetheelevator.Ifyougetstuckintheelevator,usetheintercomtocontactsomeoneoutsideandwaitforrescue.Whenyouevacuatefrombuildings,neveruseelevators,listentoannouncements,andusethestairstoleavethebuilding.
装有地震感应器的电梯会停靠在最近的楼层,此时应迅速地离开电梯。
如果被困在电梯里,应用其通话装置和外部联系,然后等待救援。
从楼房撤离时,不要使用电梯,而应听通告,使用楼梯离开大楼。
●Whenneartheocean在海边时
Headforhighergroundandcarefullylistentotsunamiinformation.Donotgoneartheoceanuntiltsunamiwarningshavebeencleared.Don’teventhinkaboutgoingtowatchtsunamis!
立即向高处转移,同时收听海啸信息。
在海啸警报解除之前,不要靠近海边,更不要有观看海啸的荒谬想法。
五年高考真题回顾
【话题分析】
地震等自然灾害无情地危害着人类的生命财产安全,但是人类应该尽可能地预防自然灾害。
在自然灾害发生后,人类应该积极地进行抢险自救,重建美好家园。
高考试题
(2011·福建书面表达)为纪念汶川大地震三周年,某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。
请根据以下图片提示,以"GreatChanges"为题,用英语写一篇短文应征。
内容要点如下:
1.某中学灾后三年来的变化,如教学与活动场所,以及师生精神面貌等;
2.发生变化的原因;
3.你的感想。
注意:
1.短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.可根据图片提示适当发挥;
3.词数:
120左右。
GreatChanges
Iamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
GreatChanges
Iamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.
OnMay12,2008,asevereearthquakedestroyedalmosteverythingintheschool,leavingbadly-damagedbuildings.Itisnow,however,takingonanewlook.Tallbuildingshavebeenputup,includingclassroomandlaboratorybuildings,andalibrary.Thereisalsoanewly-builtstandardplayground.Inthenewenvironment,teachersandstudentsarelivinghappilyandworkinghard.Itisreallyamazingthattheonce-ruinedplacehasnowbeenturnedintoabeautifulschool,fulloflife.
Obviously,withoutthehelpofthewholesociety,therewouldbenonewschooltoday.Itisloveandconcernthathavebroughtaboutthegreatchanges.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Wecanworkwondersifweuniteasafamily,caringforeachotherandhelpingthoseinneed.Unionisstrength.
原创阅读试题
.阅读理解
体裁
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记叙文
地震后人们之间关爱
245
★★☆☆☆
5分钟
Whenanearthquakehitasmalltown,manyhousesfelldown.Aftertheearthquake,allthenewspapersreportedmany-storiesaboutsomeofthefamilieswhowereintrouble.
OneSunday,whenIwasreadinganewspaper,aspecialpicturetouchedme.Itgavetheclothingsizesofeachfamilymember.Ithoughtthatthiswouldbeagoodchancetoteachmychildrentohelpthosewhowerelessluckythanthemselves.Isaidtomyseven-year-oldtwins,BradandBrett,andthree-year-olddaughter,Meghan,"Wehavesomuch,butthesepoorpeoplenowhavenothing.We'llsharewhatwehavewiththem."
Ifilledaboxwithfoodsandclothes.WhileIwasdoingthis,Iencouragedthechildrentochoosetheirtoysanddonatesomeoftheirlessfavoritethings.Meghanwatchedquietlyastheboystookouttheiroldtoysandgamesandputthemtogether.Thenshewalkedaway.AfewminuteslatershecamebackwithLucy,hermuch-loveddoll.Sheputthedollontopoftheothertoys."Oh,dear,"Isaid,"youdon'thavetogiveLucy.Youlovehersomuch."Meghansaid,"Lucymakesmehappy,Mommy.Maybeshe'llmakeanotherlittlegirlhappy,too."
IlookedatMeghanforalongmoment.Shetaughtmealesson.It'seasytogivesomethingthatwedon'twantanymore,buthardtogivewhatwecherish(珍爱),isn'tit?
1.Accordingtothepassage,thewriterhas_____________children.
A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four
2.Theunderlinedword"donate"probablymeans_____________.
A.捐赠B.丢掉C.展出D.放好
3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Anearthquakehappenedinthewriter'shometown.
B.ThewriterletMeghangivehermuch-loveddoll.
C.Thewriterdecidedtobuysomeclothesforthosepeopleintrouble.
D.Thewriterthinksitismoredifficulttogivewhatwelovealot.
4.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.AFamilyStory.B.TheSpiritofGiving.
C.TheWayofHelpingOthers.D.ASadExperience.
.完形填空
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说明文
预防地震的知识
274
★★★☆☆
18分钟
Childrenneedtobepreparedforanearthquakeasmuchasadults,ifnotmore.Forbabiesandchildren,special 1 shouldbepaidto 2 theirenvironmentassafeaspossible.Theirbedsshouldbeplaced 3 fromwindowsandtall,unsteadybookcasesandshelvesthatcould 4 down.
Attheveryleasta72-hour 5 ofextrawater,bottles,food,juices,clothing,plentyofdiapers(尿布),babywipesandreadymedicinesshouldbe 6 whereitismostlikelytoget 7 anearthquake.Alsokeepanextradiaperbagwiththesethingsinyourcar.Storebabycars,blanketsandbabybedswithrightwheelstoputbabiesintoleaveintime,if 8 .Setsoftpads(垫子)inbabybedsorbabycarsto 9 babiesduringtheshaking.
Byagethreeorso,childrencan 10 whatanearthquakeisandhowtoget 11 forone.Takethetimetoexplainwhat 12 earthquakes 13 whatthey’llunderstand.Includeyourchildreninfamilydiscussionsandplanningforearthquake 14 .Takedrillsandreviewsafetyprocedures(步骤) 15 sixmonths.Showchildrenthesafestplacestobeineachroomwhenanearthquakehits.Alsoshowthemall 16 exitsfromeachroom.Teachchildrenwhattodo 17 theyareduringanearthquake(atschool,inatallbuilding,outdoors). 18 children’semergencycardsatschoolareup-to-date.
19 childrenshouldnotturnoffanylights,it’simportantthattheyknowwhatgassmellslike.Advisechildrentotella(n) 20 iftheysmellgasafteranearthquake.
1.A.adviceB.warnC.attentionD.help
2.A.making B.feeling C.staying D.playing
3.A.nearby B.down C.across D.away
4.A.break B.fall C.fold D.put
5.A.supply B.number C.amount D.deal
6.A.taken B.left C.stored D.bought
7.A.before B.during C.since D.after
8.A.important B.necessaryC.easy D.ready
9.A.protect B.layC.relax D.drive
10.A.callB.understand C.expect D.guess
11.A.worried B.eager
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